高三第一轮复习名词性从句.pptx

名词性从句教学目标：1.如何判断名词性从句2.名词性从句包括哪些3.名词性从句的引导词有哪些4.如何在语法填空题中选择恰当的引导词(重点）5.用名词性从句完成句子a womanly man That you dont like him makes him heartbroken.The fact that you dont like him makes him heartbroken.That is why you dont like him.We know that you dont like him.名名词词性性从从句句主语从句主语从句（Subject Clause）宾语宾语从句从句（Object Clause）表语从句表语从句（Predicative Clause）同位语从句同位语从句（Appositive Clause）作主语作主语作作宾语宾语作作表语表语作作同位语同位语基础回顾基础回顾基础回顾基础回顾名词性从句的连接词：名词性从句的连接词：1)连词：连词：that（无意义，不充当成分）（无意义，不充当成分）whether,if(“是否是否”，不充当成分），不充当成分）2)连接代词：连接代词：what,who,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever3)连接副词：连接副词：where,when,why,how,wherever,whenever主语：主语：主语主语(Subject)1.表示句子说的是什么人或什么事表示句子说的是什么人或什么事.是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首位于句首2.主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：等表示。例如：1.During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.It is certain that we shall be late.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）主语从句主语从句（Noun Clauses as the Subject）1.定义定义：做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句合句中做主语，又称主语从句.2.引导词引导词:引导主语从句的引导主语从句的引导词引导词有：连词有：连词that,whether；连接代词连接代词who,what和和which；连接副词连接副词when,where,how和和why。Find out the Subject Clause(1)That he will come is certain.(2)Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.(3)What surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.(4)Which team will win the match is a matter of public concern.(5)It is an honour that I was invited to attend the meeting.(1)(1)That he will comeThat he will come is certain.is certain.(2)(2)Whether she is coming or notWhether she is coming or not doesnt matter too doesnt matter too much.much.(3)(3)What surprised me mostWhat surprised me most was to see some of the was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.room.(4)(4)Which team will win the matchWhich team will win the match is a matter of is a matter of public concern.public concern.(5)(5)It is an honour that I was invited to attend the meeting.当主语从句较长时，多放在句子后当主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用部，用 it 作形式主语。作形式主语。主语从句主语从句1.That he knows Japanese is known to all.3.When he will come is unknown.4.Whether he is coming doesnt matter much.5.It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.主语太长了主语太长了!放到句尾放到句尾That无词义无词义,不可省略不可省略What“什么什么”,“所所.的的”2.What surprised me was to see him here.When“什么时候什么时候”主语从句不用主语从句不用 if位于句首位于句首主语从句的位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It引导词引导词连词连词that,whether；连接代词连接代词who,what和和which；连接副词连接副词when,where,how和和why。1.从属连词从属连词：that，whether1）that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。任何成分，但不能省略。That she left him cut him to the heart.That he will come is certain.2)由由whether及其他连词引导的主语从及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。句放在句首，句后都可。Whether在句中不做任何成分只起连接的作用，意为“是否”Whether it will please them is not easy to say.Whether he is coming doesnt matter much.2.连接代词连接代词who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoever 1）What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.2）Which side will win is not clear.3）When he will come is unknown.3)连接副词连接副词when，where，how，why等。等。e.g.Why he did it remains a mystery.When they will start is not known yet.How he became a great scientist is known to us all.主语从句中的主语从句中的“主谓一致主谓一致”：1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数主句的谓语动词用单数形式形式.That they will come _certain.2.What 引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定表语的单复数决定.What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.注意注意isareis2.位置：位置：主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用it做做形式主语，而把主语从句，在句末，常用下面几形式主语，而把主语从句，在句末，常用下面几种句型。种句型。1）It+be+表语表语 +主语从句主语从句 表语：（名词，表语：（名词，形容词，过去分词）形容词，过去分词）e.g.It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.It is an honour that I was invited to attend the meeting.It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.It is reported that China has sent another manmade earth satellite into orbit.2）It+不及物动词不及物动词+主语从句主语从句It seemed(happened,doesnt matter,has turned out)that It happens that they were absent.It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.3).用于用于It is important/natural/necessary/impossible that.句型中句型中,主语从句应使用虚拟语气主语从句应使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用谓语动词用“should+动动词原形词原形”的形式的形式,should有时可以省略。有时可以省略。4)在在It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required 中中,that从句的谓语也应该用从句的谓语也应该用“should+动词原形动词原形”的形式的形式,should有时可以省略。有时可以省略。主语从句小结：1.位置：2.引导词特点：3.语序：4.谓语的数：5.It做形式主语：句首，谓语动词的前面that 无意义，不充当成分，不能省略Whether 不用ifWhen 什么时候What 什么，所。的陈述语序单数 what 引引导导主主语语从从句句时时在在句句时时在在从从句句中中充充当当句句子子成成分分，如如主主语语宾宾语语表表语语，而而that 则则不不然。例如：然。例如：1)_you said yesterday is right.2)_she is still alive is a good thing.WhatThatwhat 与与that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别用主语从句翻译句子：1.你是否接收他的邀请与我无关。2.谁泄露了那个消息还是不得而知。(let out)1.Whether you will accept his invitation has nothing to do with me.2.Who let out that news was unknown.It 作主语的常用句型有作主语的常用句型有:1.It+be+形容词形容词+that 从句从句2.It+be+名称词组名称词组(duty/pity.)+that 从句从句3.It+be+过去分词过去分词(said/thought.)+that 从句从句4.It+不及物动词不及物动词(seem/happen.)+that 从句从句a.It+be+形容词形容词+that-从句从句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important that 重要的是重要的是It is obvious that 很明显很明显b.It+be+-ed 分词分词+that-从句从句It is believed that人们相信人们相信It is known to all that从所周知从所周知It has been decided that 已决定已决定 c.It+be+名词名词+that-从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是事实是d.It+不及物动词不及物动词+that-从句从句It appears/seems that似乎似乎It happens that碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 注意：注意：用用 it 作形式主语的作形式主语的that-从句有以下几组：从句有以下几组：1.真可惜我们不能去游泳真可惜我们不能去游泳.2.碰巧那天我外出了碰巧那天我外出了.3.他考试肯定会考好他考试肯定会考好.4.据说他已告诉了她一切据说他已告诉了她一切.It is a pity that we cant go swimming.It is said that he told her everything.It happened that I was out that day.It is certain that he will do well in the exam.表语从句表语从句从从 句句 同主语从句同主语从句,外加外加as if/引导词引导词:as though,1.The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.2.The question is whether we can finish the experiment by Friday.3.It looks as if it were going to rain.实际情况是他从未去过农村实际情况是他从未去过农村.that 一般不省略一般不省略问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验.表语从句不用表语从句不用 if好象看上去要下雨似的好象看上去要下雨似的.(其实不会其实不会)as if/as though从句常表示从句常表示不真实的情况不真实的情况She talks as if/as though she had been there before.她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的.又比如又比如:系动词后面系动词后面注意下列表语从句中注意下列表语从句中where,how,why 的译法的译法1.This is where Lu Xun once lived.2.That was how they won the match.3.This is why she got up so early this morning.这就是鲁迅曾经住过这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方的地方.他们就是他们就是这样这样赢得这场比赛的赢得这场比赛的.这就是她这就是她为什么为什么今天早上起得这么早今天早上起得这么早的原因的原因.1.我们就是这样克服困难的我们就是这样克服困难的.2.那就是他昨天缺席的原因那就是他昨天缺席的原因.3.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.That was how we overcame the difficulties.That is why he was absent yesterday.This is where we met last Sunday.宾语从句从 句 (同主语从句),增加 if,可与whether引导词:互换,1.They pretended(that)they knew how to do it.that 可省略3.Everything depends on whether we have enough time.(if)在宾语从句中在宾语从句中if/whether 表表示示“是否是否”可以互换可以互换,以下以下情况情况用用whether:1.在介词后面在介词后面 2.与与or not连用连用 4.I dont know whether he will come or not.(if)谓语动词后否定的转移否定的转移 若若主主句句谓谓语语动动词词为为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,等等，其其后后的的宾宾语语从从句句若若含含有有否否定定意意义义，一一般般要要把把否否定定词词转转移移到到主主句句谓谓语语上上，从从句句谓谓语语用用肯肯定式。例如：定式。例如：_我认为这件衣我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。服不适合你穿。I dont think the dress fits you well1.1 We have made that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life clear.(改用形式宾语改用形式宾语 it)英语有英语有句尾句尾重心重心的原则的原则I consider that we should learn English well necessary.We consider her suitable for the job.句尾太轻句尾太轻宾语宾语宾补宾补consider find think feel make 等动词常带宾语补足语等动词常带宾语补足语,这这时要用形式宾语时要用形式宾语 it,宾语从句放到宾补之后宾语从句放到宾补之后We have made it clear that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life.I consider it necessary that we should learn English wellit不能漏不能漏从句后移从句后移同位语从句同位语从句被修饰词有被修饰词有:fact,news,hope,opinion,order,question,problem,belief,truth,theory,decision,discovery,conclusion,promise,rumor,fear,thought,suggestion,plan,idea（抽象名（抽象名词）词）同位语从句说同位语从句说明它们的内容明它们的内容常见引导词常见引导词:that,whether(if),how,wh-疑问词疑问词1.The fact that deeds are better than words is quite clear.2.The question how I did it is hard to answer.3.They had no idea where they should go to find some food.4.The question whether he comes or not is not important.(if)5.A thought came to me that he might be in the library.事实胜于雄辨事实胜于雄辨这一道理非常清楚这一道理非常清楚.我我怎么怎么做的做的这一问题难回答这一问题难回答.他们根本不知他们根本不知去去哪儿哪儿找食物找食物他他是否是否来来这个问题不重要这个问题不重要.我突然想到我突然想到他可能在图书馆他可能在图书馆.被别的词隔开that 无词义同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别:We were excited about the news(that)he had told us.We were excited about the news that he had passed the exam.同位语从句同位语从句:说明名词的内容说明名词的内容,that 不做成分不做成分,不能省略不能省略定定 语语 从从 句句:说明名词的性质特征说明名词的性质特征,that引导词做句子成分引导词做句子成分(主、宾）主、宾）,做宾语做宾语 可以省略可以省略3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定定语语从从句句中中的的that既既代代替替先先行行词词，同同时时以以在在从从句句中中作作某某个个成成分分（主主语语或或宾宾语语），而而同同位位语语从从句句中中的的that是是连连词词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。不充当句中任何成分。(2)定定语语从从句句是是形形容容词词性性的的，其其功功能能是是修修饰饰先先行行词词，对对先先行行词词加加以以限限定定，描描述述它它的的性性质质或或特特征征；同同位位语语从从句句是是名名词词性的，其功能是性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例如：。例如：1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他他告告诉诉我我的的消消息息是是汤汤姆姆明明年年将将出出国国。）（第第一一个个that引导的从句是定语从句，引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤汤姆姆将将出出国国的的消消息息是是他他讲讲的的。）（同同位位语语从从句句，that在在句句中中不不作作任何成分）任何成分）翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。1.What he wants is a book.2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.3.Im so glad that I can make friends with you.4.This is why he did it.5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we(should)have a trip in Tibet?6.That he wants a book is certain.7.I suggested just now we(should)take part in this activity.8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much.9.He doesnt know whether you can sing it well.10.The problem is whether you can sing it well.11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided.12.Please tell me who your monitor is.主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句 找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Can you tell me how many students are there in your class?2.I dont know where has he gone.there are he has规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.We suggested that we would go to the cinema.5.My idea is that we must do our homework first.6.His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable.We suggested that we(should)go to the cinema.My idea is that we(should)do our homework first.His proposal that we(should)go there on foot.规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？注意：在注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist,desire,request,command,doubt等表示等表示要求、命令、要求、命令、建议、决定建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用句常用“（should）+动词原形动词原形”。I insist that she(should)do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.司令司令员命令部队马上出发。员命令部队马上出发。找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7.If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.8.It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.9.The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting.10.He asked me if I could go with him or not.Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.It depends on whether the weather is.The question is whether he himself will be present.He asked me whether I could go with him or not.规律三：规律三：4 4种情况只能用种情况只能用whether whether（1 1）位于句子开头；）位于句子开头；（2 2）前面有介词；）前面有介词；（3 3）引导表语从句；）引导表语从句；（4 4）与与or notor not连用。连用。