英语四级仔细阅读解题步骤及方法阅读技巧.pptx

讲解人：吴天 薛晓珍ppt制作：张震飞 杨天找资料：肖远凡 刘锦华 何东梅英语四级仔细阅读的英语四级仔细阅读的解题和技巧方法解题和技巧方法讲解内容u解题步骤u解题技巧u四级真题 一：解题步骤:Step1阅读题目预测文章内容，在阅读题目预测文章内容，在题目中划出定位词题目中划出定位词 预测题目目的：是指在阅读正文前，预测题目目的：是指在阅读正文前，正确理解题目所表达的内容正确理解题目所表达的内容,对文章进对文章进行的预测性的主动思维。应该先读题目，行的预测性的主动思维。应该先读题目，后看文章，同时根据题目设想一下文章后看文章，同时根据题目设想一下文章可能涉及的内容，以及所使用的词汇量可能涉及的内容，以及所使用的词汇量的类型与范围。的类型与范围。二：阅读步骤:Step2 利用定位词词利用定位词词,在文章中查找答在文章中查找答案案 查查读读(Scanning)(Scanning):目目的的主主要要是是为为了了从从大大量量的的资资料料中中迅迅速速查查找找某某一一项项具具体体事事实实或或某某一一项项特定信息特定信息,如数字、时间、人名、地名等。如数字、时间、人名、地名等。在在查查读读时时,目目光光要要自自上上而而下下、一一目目数数行行地地寻寻视视与与答答题题内内容容相相关关的的词词句句,与与此此无无关关的的内内容容要要很很快快略略过过（略略读读）。在在最最短短的的时时间间内内掠掠过过尽尽可能多的印刷材料可能多的印刷材料,找到所需要的信息。找到所需要的信息。三：阅读步骤:Step3查漏补缺查漏补缺 用最快的速度通读文章后，找到自用最快的速度通读文章后，找到自己需要的信息，并在有关的句子下做出各己需要的信息，并在有关的句子下做出各种记忆符号后，把没有回答出来的问题，种记忆符号后，把没有回答出来的问题，重新回锅，并检查已答出来的题目是否正重新回锅，并检查已答出来的题目是否正确确。解题技巧仔细阅读题分为五种题型：仔细阅读题分为五种题型：主旨题主旨题细节题细节题语义题语义题推理题推理题观点态度题。观点态度题。一 细节题u 首先应当仔细阅读题目弄清题目的具体要求，以及所给4个选项，然后在题目或选项中确定关键词。u利用关键词回文章中定位找出文章中相对应的细节性句子，与4个选项进行对照，以确定正确答案。注意：关键词的确定也有技巧，如果题目或选项中有专有名词、数字要将此定位为关键词。因为这些词有特点，在文章中很容易找到，所以很快就可以定位相应的细节，从而找到正确答案。如果题目或选项中没有明显的词，可以定位主要的名词或动词为关键词。二主旨题u确定文章有无主题句，以及主题句在文章中的位置文章的主题句通常位于首段或尾段，有时也出现在文章的中间段落。段落的主题句通常位于段首或段尾，有时也在段落的中间。u如有主题句就能很容易确定文章或段落的主题。u如果没有明显的主题句就带着问题细读文章的首段和尾段找出其中心，抓住每个段落的主题句，明确文章的中心思想。注意：如果文章主旨题出现在第一题，先不要做这道题，把后面的题做完后再回头做第一题，这样可以节省很多时间。三推理题u对某个细节进行推断先在文中找到该细节所在的句子，在正确理解该句的基础上推断出未知的事实。u根据文章推测作者的观点、目的、态度先确定文章的中心思想，再根据中心和作者所陈述的事实及细节进行推断。u 推断文章中没出现的前一段或下一段的内容仔细阅读并理解了文章内容的基础上，重点分析文章的首、尾两段尤其是文章的开始句和结束句。四 语义题u 找到该词或短语所在的句子。u确定词性 确定词性以及单词、短语等在句子中所起的语法作用，明确整个句子的含义。u联系上下文分析对上下文进行分析，确定上下文中是否有该词的定义、同义词、近义词或反义词，从而可以判断出正确答案。u根据上下文逻辑关系联系日常生活中的有关常识，分析出合理的场景因素推断单词或短语的含义。五观点态度题在回答态度类问题时，对文章体裁的考查是一个非常重要的方面。一般来说，在说明文中作者的态度是客观的（objective）或中立的（neutral）;而在议论文中，作者的观点才会显得多种多样。态度题中常用的选项有：positive（积极的）、negative（消极的）、neutral（中立的）、approval（赞成的）、disapproval（不赞成的）、indifferent（漠不关心的）、sarcastic（讽刺的）、critical（批评的）、optimistic（乐观的）、pessimistic（悲观的）等。四级真题Passage One Some of the worlds most significant problems never hit headlinesOne example comes from agricultureFood riots and hunger make newsBut the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked aboutThis is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the worlds major cropsA new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at whereand how farthis decline is occurringThe authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops：rice，wheat，corn and soyabeans(大豆)They find that on between 24 and 39 of all harvested areas，the improvement in yields that took place before the l980s slowed down in the l990s and 2000s There are two worrying features of the slowdownOne is that it has been particularly sharp in the worlds most populous(人口多的)countries，India and ChinaTheir ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food marketsThat self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverseSecond，yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in coll and soyabeansThis is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods，accounting for around half of all calories consumedCorn and soyabeans are more important as feed grainsThe authors note that“we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world”The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050，as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued Instead，it says，thanks to slowing population growth，land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert(回返)to forest or wildernessThis could happenThe trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields which may not actually happen61What does the author try to draw attention to?A.Food riots and hunger in the worldB.News headlines in the leading mediaC.The decline of the grain yield growthD.The food supply in populous countries62Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A.Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food marketsB.Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent yearsC.Their big populations are causing worldwide concernsD 1 Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted63What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A.They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the l980s B.They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food productionC.They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the worldD.They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains64What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production in the coming decades?A.The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food suppliesB.The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with cautionC.The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will bereversedD.The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland65How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisation?A.It is built on the findings of a new studyB.It is based on a doubtful assumptionC.It is backed by strong evidenceD.It is open to further discussionlPassage Two The endless debate about“worklife balance”often contains a hopeful footnote about stay at home dadsIf American society and business wont make it easier on future female leaders who choose to have children，there is still the ray of hope that increasing numbers of fulltime fathers willBut based on todays socioeconomic trends，this hope is，unfortunately，misguidedIts true that the number of men who have left work to do their thing as fulltime parents has doubled in a decade，but its still very small：only 08of married couples where the stayathorne father was out of the labor force for a yearEven that percentage is likely inflated by men thrust into their caretaker role by a downsizingThis is simply not a large enough group to reduce the social stigma(污名)and force other adjustments necessary to supporting men in this decisioneven if onlywork more than their familyEven shorter times away from work for working fathers are already difficultA study found that 85of new fathers take some time off after the birth of a childbut for all but a fewits a week or two at mostMeanwhile，the average for women who take leave is more than lo weeksSuch choices impact who moves up in the organizationWhile youre away，someone else is doing your work，making your sales，taking care of your customersThat cant help you at workIt can only hurt youWomen，of course，face the same issues of returning after a long absenceBut with many more women than men choosing to leave the workforce entirely to raise families，returning from an extended parental leave doesnt raise as many eyebrows as it does for menWomen would make more if they didnt break their earning trajectory(轨迹)by leaving the workforce，or if higher-paying professions were more family friendlyIn the foreseeable future，Stay at home fathers may make all the difference for individual familiesbut their presence wont reduce the numbers of high potential women who are forced to choose between family and career56What gives women a ray of hope to achieve work life balance?A.More men taking an extended parental leaveB.Peoples changing attitudes towards familyC.More women entering business managementD.The improvement of their socioeconomic status57Why does the author say the hope for more fulltime fathers is misguided?A.Women are better at taking care of childrenB.Many men value work more than their familyC.Their number is too small to make a differenceD.Not many men have the chance to stay at home58Why do few men take a long parental leave?A.A long leave will have a negative impact on their careerB.They just have too many responsibilities to fulfill at workC.The economic loss will be too much for their family to bearD.They are likely to get fired if absent from work for too lon959What is the most likely reaction to men returning from an extended parental leave?A.JealousyB.SurpriseC.AdmirationD.Sympathy60What does the author say about high-potential women in the nottoo-distant future?A.They will benefit from the trend of more fathers staying at homeB.They will find highpaying professions a bit more familyfriendlyC.They are unlikely to break their career trajectory to raise a familyD.They will still face the difficult choice between career and children Thank You