北京专版2020中考英语复习方案第一篇话题分层复习话题14饮食卫生与降试题.docx

　话题14　饮食、卫生与健康　
主题语篇阅读
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A [2018·东城一模]
　　Arkansas may give up the BMI program or weaken it with the help of the new governor, who said it had “a lot of negative, unexpected results”.
The number of overweight children in the United States has more than doubled in the past 20 years. Being seriously overweight can lead to health problems later in life. As a result, Arkansas first started the BMI program in 2004—public schools were required to provide parents with a yearly report of their children’s body-mass index (BMI), a number to show whether their weight is appropriate(合适的). Along with students’ BMIs, parents also received information on health risks of being overweight.
A study shows that obesity(肥胖) rates in Arkansas have stopped increasing since 2004. But not everyone supports schools in reporting students’ BMIs. Some parents have complained their kids worry that they are being “graded” on their weight, although Dr. Joe Thompson, who helped plan the BMI program, gave the explanation at the start of the program, “Just like a school check for vision or hearing, this is a way to raise awareness(意识) about a health risk.”
Critics argue that telling parents their children weigh too much could hurt children’s self-esteem(自尊). Some also question whether it’s the role of schools to monitor students’ weight. Dr. Nancy Krebs, a nutrition expert, also thinks obesity report cards aren’t good enough. “They’re making kids feel bad about how they are,” she says. “Instead of focusing on kids’ BMIs, schools should provide better health and physical education classes and serve healthier food.”
However, supporters of the program say overweight children have had self-esteem problems before their parents get obesity report cards. Dr. Karen Young at Arkansas Children’s Hospital says, “The overweight kids are being teased(被嘲弄). It doesn’t take the letter for them to feel bad.”
Health experts from the University of Arkansas think it would be a pity to stop the BMI program. They see the program as a wake-up call for families and the letter is spurring some major action on some parents. Danita Thomas said she knew her son Irie was too heavy. But since getting that first BMI report, Irie has lost nearly 100 pounds and given up junk food. “It was helpful,” she said. “It made me realize that we needed to do something different.” 
The BMI reports and other steps, such as limits on vending machine(自动售货机) use at school, are leading to healthier students. If there was no BMI program, there should be other effective tools to get schools and parents involved with preventing children from becoming overweight adults.
1.What might be the purpose of the BMI program in Arkansas? (　　)
A.To make the schools realize the importance of health education.
B.To warn parents of health risks of overweight children.
C.To drive parents to learn more knowledge on health.
D.To explain why some students gain weight quickly.
2.Dr. Nancy Krebs believes that 　　　　. (　　) 
A.overweight students are usually laughed at by classmates
B.schools should teach students how to lead a healthy life
C.overweight students usually get low grades at school
D.schools should do the job to record students’ weight
3.The words “spurring some major action on some parents” in Paragraph 6 probably mean “　　　　”. (　　) 
A.keeping some parents from worries
B.encouraging some parents to make changes
C.helping some parents learn from other families
D.supporting some parents in expressing their opinions
4.What does the passage mainly talk about? (　　)
A.What schools should report to parents
B.How schools can care about overweight students.
C.Why schools should help students control their weight.
D.Whether schools should report students’ BMIs to parents.
B [2019·房山期末]
　　Bottled water has become the choice for people who are healthy and thirsty. Bottled water is all over the world But some say the planet’s health and people’s health may be suffering from it.
　　The idea that bottled water is safer for humans may not be true. The Natural Resources Defense Council of America said, “There is no promise that because water comes out of a bottle, it is cleaner or safer than water from the tap.” Another New York City-based action group added that some bottled water is “really just tap water in a bottle—sometimes cleaner, sometimes not.”
　　It is not tested that bottled water is better than tap water. Nick Reeves from the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management said, “The high mineral content(矿物质含量) of some bottled water makes it not good for feeding babies and young children.” Also, most bottled water doesn’t have fluoride(氟化物), which can make teeth stronger. Kids are drinking more bottled water and less fluoridated tap water, and some say that’s behind the recent rise in bad teeth.
　　Storing is another problem. Placed near heat, the plastic bottles can produce bad chemicals into the water. Store bottled water appropriately. Bottled water, like many foods and drinks, should be stored in the appropriate way to keep the quality and safety of the product. Keep bottled water out of the light and heat.
　　According to the Environmental Protection Agency, some 2.7 million tons of plastic are used worldwide to bottle water each year. The plastic can take between 400 and 1,000 years to break down.
　　For energy use, plastic bottles are also not cheap. One report said that if water and drink bottlers had used 10 percent recycled materials in their plastic bottles, they would have saved about 72 million gallons of gas.
　　So, if you are worried about the effect of bottled water on the earth, you can take the following four steps:
　　Step 1Drink from your tap. Unless your government warns against this, it should be fine.
　　Step 2.Get a container(容器). Carry your tap water in a steel or a lined drinking container, and clean it before using.
　　Step 3.Keep it cool. Don’t drink from a bottle that has been sitting in the sun, don’t store it near chemicals, and don’t reuse plastic bottles.
　　Step 4.Choose glass containers over plastic if possible. When finished, recycle!
5.What can we learn about bottled water from the passage? (　　)
A.Plastic bottles are not expensive to make.
B.It is tested that bottled water has high fluoride.
C.Bottled water may cause the rise in bad teeth.
D.The plastic can be broken down in less than 400 years.
6.According to the passage, the writer probably agrees that 　　　　. (　　) 
A.bottled water is safer and cleaner than tap water for humans
B.plastic bottles can produce bad chemicals into the water in cool places
C.babies and young children need bottled water with high mineral content
D.gas can be saved if water and drink bottlers had used recycled plastic bottles
7.The writer mentions the four steps to show that 　　　　. (　　) 
A.we can do something to reduce the bad effect of bottled water
B.we can improve the bottled water by storing it in right places
C.the government is against people to drink tap water in recent years
D.scientists can invent some new materials to produce bottled water
8.What is the best title of the passage? (　　)
A.Bottled water and tap water
B.Be careful to drink bottled water
C.The disadvantages of bottled water
D.How to drink bottled water safely
Ⅱ.[2019·西城一模] 回答问题
　　On Sunday I took part in Tomato Sauce Day of my friend Deb’s family. I am thankful for my beautiful friend to share this family milestone (里程碑) event.
Nine family members, myself and a few friends, took part in the day. Sunday was a special day because it was the last time that Tomato Sauce Day event would be carried out at Grandma’s home. Tomato Sauce Day is going to be different next year in terms of the surrounds (环境), however, I have a feeling that all else will remain unchanged.
Grandma passed away 5 years ago, and Deb and her uncle bought the property (地产). Plans are in progress to begin building two new homes on the same place.
I listened to the family discussing the activities of the day, past sauce days and memories. A love of the tradition of the day and happy memories of sharing the day with family members who have passed away were recounted. The value of spending time together as a family was obvious.
The basic process and recipe (菜谱) for the sauce made by Deb’s family remains the same way as it is still done in Grandma’s village today:
• The event takes place once a year.
• Sauce is made by the family, for the family for the year ahead.
• The sauce is made with just salt added to the tomatoes. This allows the family to use it throughout the year in various dishes as the base ingredient (食材). They add their own preferred ingredients in the cooking process.
• The women prepare and make the sauce, the men are not involved. The women start the day with a visit to the community garden to collect the tomatoes and then they began the preparation. Once the sauce is cooking, it is lunch time and time for the family to catch up. Tomato Sauce Day is relived by the family all over the year as they open each bottle of red tomato goodness. I am looking forward to trying my sauce tonight. I feel like I need to make home-made pasta to eat it!
9.What event did the writer take part in on Sunday?

10.Where was the event carried out this year?

11.How do the family use the sauce?

12.What do the women do to start the day?

13.Why is the event a family milestone event?

【参考答案】
Ⅰ.A　1.B　2.B　3.B　4.D
B　5.C　6.D　7.A　8.B
Ⅱ.9.Tomato Sauce Day.
10.At Grandma’s home.
11.The family use it as the base ingredients.
12.They visit the community garden to collect the tomatoes.
13.Because it is a family tradition to get together and share happy memories.

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