北京专版2020中考英语复习方案第三篇提分题型专练阅读理解01辅导的益处+书籍与成长+机器人宠物试题.docx

　阅读理解(一) 辅导的益处+书籍与成长+机器人宠物　
A [2019·通州一模]
Have you ever helped younger children with their reading, writing or maths? Do you think it helpful for yourself? According to a study in the US, student tutoring (辅导) wins easily over computerized instruction.
Now the idea is spreading in Britain. Throughout this term, a group of 14-year-old teenagers at Trinity Comprehensive School spend an hour a week helping children at a nearby primary school with their reading. All the teenage tutors have some lessons which help them to catch up with their classmates at school. Although their intelligence (智力) is around average (平均), they have fallen behind on reading, writing and maths.
Jean Bond, from Warwick University, says that the main benefit of tutoring is that it helps build up the teenage tutors’ self-esteem(自尊). “The younger children come rushing up every time and welcome them. It makes the teenage tutors feel important. However, in normal school lessons, they often feel unable to deal with their schoolwork. The teenage tutors need practice in reading, but if they have to do it in their own classes, they would say it is for kids and they get embarrassed(尴尬的)whenever they have to do it. They are struggling (挣扎) at school themselves, so when the younger ones can’t learn, they know exactly why.”
The teenage tutors’ own reading has improved as a result of reading stories aloud to the younger children. Their view of education is changed. They have become more sympathetic (赞同的) to their own teachers’ difficulties because they are frustrated (沮丧的) themselves when the younger children behave in a silly way.
The younger children get special attention from their patient tutors and they speak warmly of them. “He doesn’t shout like our teachers,” says eight-year-old Jenny. Yet, her tutor Jack sees himself as a strict teacher.
In the seven weeks of the experiment the teenage tutors have improved their reading and have received more recognition and feelings of worth than before. The younger children have made great progress in reading skills by the end of the experiment.
1.According to Jean Bond, tutoring makes the teenage tutors 　　　　. (　　) 
A.get embarrassed easily
B.fail to deal with schoolwork
C.feel good of themselves
D.know why they can’t learn
2.What can we learn from the passage? (　　)
A.Student tutoring first started at schools in Britain.
B.The teenage tutors are weak in their own studies at school.
C.The younger children think the teenage tutors are strict with them.
D.The experiment helps the younger children understand their teachers better.
3.The writer’s main purpose in writing this passage is to tell 　　　　. (　　) 
A.self-esteem is the key to one’s success
B.children should get special attention
C.the purpose of education is changed
D.teaching is a good way to learn
B [2019·西城二模]
Research has already suggested that opening a book may help improve brain function and reduce stress. Now, a team led by Joanna Sikora of the Australian National University is looking into the benefits of growing up around a book-filled environment; the researchers’ new study suggests that homes with libraries can arm children with skills that last well into adulthood.
The study looked at data from 160, 000 adults from 31 countries, including the United States, Australia, Turkey and Chile. Participants(参与者) filled out surveys with the Programme for the International Assessment of Competencies, which measures proficiency(水平) in three areas: literacy(读写能力), numeracy and information communication technology. People, 25 to 65 years old, were asked to tell how many books were in their house when they were 16 years old. The research team was interested in this question because home library size can be a good sign of “book-oriented socialization”. Participants were able to choose from a given range of books that included everything from “10 or less” to “more than 500”.
The surveys, which were taken between 2011 and 2015, showed that the average(平均的) number of books in participants’ childhood homes was 115, but that number varied widely from country to country. The average library size in Norway was 212 books, for example; in Turkey, it was 27. In all, however, it seemed that more books in the home were linked to higher proficiency in the areas tested by the survey.
The effects were most marked when it came to literacy. Growing up with few books in the home resulted in below average literacy levels. Being surrounded by 80 books raised the levels to average, and literacy continued to improve until libraries reached about 350 books, at which point the literacy rates leveled off. The researchers saw similar things when it came to numeracy; the effects were not as pronounced with information communication technology tests, but skills did improve with increased numbers of books. 
So, what does the new study tell us? For example, an adult who grew up with hardly any books in the home, but went on to get a university degree compared to an adult who grew up with a large home library, but only had nine years of schooling. The study found that both of their literacy levels were almost the same. “So, literacy-wise, bookish childhood makes up for a good deal of educational advantage,” the study authors write.
Further research is needed to decide exactly why exposure to(接触) books in childhood encourages valuable skills later in life, but the study offers further evidence to suggest that reading has a powerful effect on the mind. And home library size might be important because, as the researchers note, “Children emulate(模仿) parents who read.”
4.The second paragraph is mainly about 　　　　. (　　) 
A.what the study found out
B.how the study was carried out
C.who were invited to the research
D.why the researchers did the study
5.The phrase “leveled off” in Paragraph 4 probably means “　　　　 ”. (　　) 
A.backed to average
B.started falling
C.continued to grow
D.stopped rising
6.The example in Paragraph 5 shows 　　　　. (　　) 
A.the disadvantage of having little school education
B.the effect of having a home library in childhood
C.the necessity of raising people’s literacy level
D.the importance of getting a university degree
7.What can we learn from the passage? (　　)
A.The study explained why bookish childhood encouraged valuable skills.
B.Adults benefit more from a home library than children.
C.Home library size has little to do with numeracy level.
D.Parents who love reading benefit children a lot.
C [2019·西城二模]
Robotic Pets
I am going to predict how people are going to be with future technology in their life. I think robotic pets are going to be increasingly popular as the technology develops. At least I am going to build what I think is a strong case for this prediction.
From a neurological point of view, I do not see anything in the way to people bonding(建立互信关系) fully with robotic pets. The human brain can attach(赋予) emotions to things and respond to emotional signaling. Being alive is simply not required. From how objects move, our brains infer that they are able to act with their own will and purpose. If they move in a way that cannot be explained simply as passive(被动的) movement, then they must be moving on their own. Therefore, they can connect to the emotional centers in our brains. We either fear them, or love them, or hunger for them, or whatever. We can respond emotionally with cartoon creatures, with animals, and yes, even with robots. Our brains treat things that act alive as if they are alive—no different.
One of the opposite points that people often bring up is that they love the way their pets behave, not just look. This gets to AI, which has been developing at a fast pace. We have AI that can beat world masters in chess and go. I have no doubt we can build AI to mimic(模仿) the behavior of dogs and cats, if not now then probably within a generation.
So we will have no problem fully emotionally bonding with a robotic pet. But this doesn’t mean we would prefer such a pet. One argument against robotic pets is that they will be expensive compared to a live pet—but this is likely not to be true forever. Living pets need to be fed, and they need at least basic medical care, and they may need to be boarded at times. Also, people
spend hundreds of dollars on pets, or thousands of dollars on pure bred species. Robotic pets will finally cost less in total than biological ones.
But let’s get to the real reason people will prefer robotic pets at last. The possibilities for building in useful technology are endless. An advanced robotic pet could also serve as a defensive and alarm system. You could recharge your cell phone off their batteries. They could be a walking cell phone. They would be excellent companions for the elder, affording them more independence for longer. This in itself would be a huge cost saving—anything that keeps people out of a nursing home is cost effective.
Imagination is really the only limitation, once you have the basics of a working robot. When the technology crosses a certain limit, this will be a thing. Future generations may consider keeping a living animal in your home as primitive(原始的) and cruel. They may have a point.
8.Why can we bond fully with robotic pets? (　　)
A.They can respond to our reactions.
B.They can move actively and freely.
C.Our brains can treat things differently.
D.Our brains can attach emotions to them.
9.According to the passage, we know that 　　　　. (　　) 
A.robotic pets will be cost effective in the future
B.present AI can mimic all the behavior of live pets
C.the elder prefer to have robotic pets as companions
D.the young think it primitive and cruel to keep live pets
10.The writer probably agrees that 　　　　. (　　) 
A.live pets will serve us better
B.it is easier to keep live pets at home
C.technology ensures robotic pets a bright future
D.imagination limits the development of robotic pets

【参考答案】
A
1.C　2.B　3.D
B
4.B　5.D　6.B　7.D
C
[主旨大意] 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了随着技术的发展,机器人宠物将会有更美好的未来。
8.D　推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句“From a neurological point of view, I do not see anything in the way to people bonding fully with robotic pets. The human brain can attach emotions to things and respond to emotional signaling.”可知,人脑可以将情绪附在事物上,并对情绪信号作出反应,所以人类可与机器人宠物建立更充分地互信关系。故选D。
9.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“This in itself would be a huge cost saving—anything that keeps people out of a nursing home is cost effective.”可知,机器人宠物成为老人伴侣,使老人远离养老院,是很经济划算的。故选A。
10.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“When the technology crosses a certain limit, this will be a thing. Future generations may consider keeping a living animal in your home as primitive and cruel.”可推知,当技术突破极限,机器人宠物将会有更光明的未来。故选C。
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