管制中的不正常情况.pptx

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW FOR CONTROLLERS管制员对紧急情况管制员对紧急情况的的概览概览ESTABLISH BASIC INFORMATION EARLY 尽早建立基本信息-Inform your supervisor immediately and begin to write the information.vNature of the Emergency 紧急状态的性质vIntentions of the Crew 机组人员的意图 vTime Available 可用时间 vAdditional Information 其他信息 Alternatively consider the task as:-考虑其他因素 v WHOWHO is the aircraft in Emergency?哪一航空器在紧急状态中v WHATWHATis the Problem?问题所在v WHEREWHEREare they?在哪v WHEREWHEREdo they need to go?往哪去 v WHENWHENis it going to happen?什么時间发生WHO,WHAT,WHERE,WHEN人物、事件、地点、时间人物、事件、地点、时间ESTABLISH THE NEED TO KNOW&IGNORE THE NICE TO KNOW!ESTABLISH THE NEED TO KNOW&IGNORE THE NICE TO KNOW!建立必須知道的信息和省略次要的信息The crew are likely to be VERY busy!They will prioritize tasks!机组人员可能非常繁忙！他们将予以排列优先任务！They will 他们会:-1.OPERATE the aircraft&complete the drills.继续飞行并完成有关应急程序 2.Navigate 导航 3.COMMUNICATE3.COMMUNICATE with ATC 然后与空中交通控制部通信The Following May Be of Interest to Note The Following May Be of Interest to Note 也许可注意下列事项也许可注意下列事项 In the cockpit,time will“COMPRESS”whereas,for the controller,it will seem to“EXPAND”在驾驶舱内,时间是紧迫的，相对管制员的时间似乎是宽松的。Talk to the crew but DO NOT hassle 对机组人员谈话但不要争论 Observe a request to“Standby”依从等待之请求Try to jot down times of contact so as to rationalize“Time Distortion”设法记下联络的时间，以便对时间合理化，以免有误差DEGREE OF EMERGENCY 紧急紧急程度程度OVoice pitch/tone does not necessarily reflect the seriousness of the situation or the level of flight deck activity.声调/语气不一定能反映事件的严重性或在驾驶舱内的情况 OA PANPAN is also an emergency situationPAN是紧急状态OA PANPAN may develop into a MAYDAYMAYDAY if the situation gets worse.如果情况变坏，无线电呼救信号便改为MAYDAY OThere may be a reluctance to declare that there is a problem or the correct prefix may not be used.在某情况也许不願勉强宣称有问题或没有使用正确的前缀 nPREPARE FOR THE WORST-HOPE FOR THE BESTHANDLING OF EMERGENCIES BY CONTROLLERS管制员处理紧急事故管制员处理紧急事故FIRST PRIORITIES:-FIRST PRIORITIES:-优先处理事项vEstablish degree of urgency(PAN or MAYDAY not just an“emergency”)确立紧急程度(是紧急/PAN/MAYDAY)vAircraft type.飞机型号 vImmediate assistance required.要求立即协助 vImmediate intentions of crew.机组人员的意向 RESPONSE:-RESPONSE:-应应对vAcknowledge PAN or MAYDAY.表示收到无线电呼救信号 vIf they are unsure,advise crew of position.如果他们是不肯定的，告知机组人员位置所在 vOffer immediate options.提议实时的方案 Controllers:Use Controllers:Use ASSISTASSIST to Respond to a to Respond to a MaydayMayday or or Pan,PanPan,Pan.管制员管制员管制员管制员 ：无线电呼救信号无线电呼救信号无线电呼救信号无线电呼救信号之之之之应对应对应对应对ASSISTcknowledge 表示收到表示收到eparate 分隔分隔 ilence 沉默沉默nform 通知通知upport 支持支持 ime 时间时间Make sure you understand and acknowledge the nature of the emergency!确定已了解和认知紧急状态确定已了解和认知紧急状态的本质的本质 Dont forget to establish/maintain separation with other aircraft and terrain!紧记要保持与其它航空紧记要保持与其它航空器器及及地形上之分隔地形上之分隔 Impose silence on your radio frequency,if necessary.Dont disturb urgent pilot actions by unnecessary transmissions!如有需要，在无线电保持沉默，如有需要，在无线电保持沉默，以防打扰以防打扰航空器航空器驾驶员的迫切驾驶员的迫切应变行动应变行动 Inform your supervisor and other involved sectors,units and airports!通知值班经理和其它扇区、通知值班经理和其它扇区、单位和机单位和机场场Give maximum support to the flight crew!对机组人员予以对机组人员予以充分支持充分支持 Allow pilot sufficient time to work on their problem!予以予以航空器航空器驾驶员驾驶员充裕时间充裕时间解决问题解决问题 SUBSEQUENTLY 随后随后vEstablish the NATURE of the Emergency,preferably a non-technical description.以非技术性的描述紧急状态的本质vREMEMBER:The crew may not be aware of the full situation,备忘：机组人员可能未意识到全面的情况e.g.the extent of any damage or the full effect it will have on aircraft handling.如损坏的程度对航空器运作的影响vA“fly by”may be required before landing to establish the full extent/nature of any damage.有需要在降落之前作一次“飞越”以充分评估损坏的程度/本质SUBSEQUENTLY 随后随后vEstablish effect of emergency on handling/Establish effect of emergency on handling/performance of the aircraft.performance of the aircraft.处理紧急状态对航空器的影响和运作处理紧急状态对航空器的影响和运作vObtain POBObtain POB,SOB,SOB,including crew.,including crew.获取机获取机上上总人数，包括机组人员总人数，包括机组人员 vObtain further intentions of the crew.Obtain further intentions of the crew.e.g.Possible evacuation.e.g.Possible evacuation.获取机组人员获取机组人员进一步的意图，如撤离的可能性进一步的意图，如撤离的可能性IF TIME/SITUATION ALLOWS如果在时间如果在时间/情况容许情况容许之之下下vConsider clearing the frequency/actions to minimize frequency changes.考虑清除无线电其它通信/使变动频率减到最小 vProvide further information-navigation advice.提供进一步信息 导航指示vWeather information.气象信息 vInform adjacent sectors/units,otherappropriate agencies and supervisor.通知邻近的扇区/单位、其它有关的机构和主管 SUBSEQUENTLY Cont:-随后随后FROM THE PREVIOUS ESTABLISH TIME AVAILABLE:-从早前建立的可利用时间vIMMEDIATE LANDINGIn a critical situation to contain a立即降落worsening situation情况已在一个紧急情况下恶化 vDELAYED LANDINGFuel dump,Drills,Situation analysis,被延迟著陆Approach preparation.给放油、应急演习、分析情况、预备进近 vAIRCRAFT ENDURANCE May become a factor.航空器续航能力 可成为因素之一 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONTROLLERS 管制员之特别考虑管制员之特别考虑DOES THE CREW HAVE LOCAL KNOWLEDGE?机组人员有没有本土知识？vUnder stress,language problems with the crew will be greater.This is a particular problem in Hong Kong.机组人员通常在受压力或语言的问题影响较大。vUse STANDARD phraseology.使用标准术语 AVOID BUILT UP AREAS 避开集居地区vControllers should,when possible,avoid taking aircraft over built up areas such as flying over cities.管制员应该尽可能避免引领航空器到集居地区SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONTROLLERS-EMERGENCY SERVICES控制员之特别考虑控制员之特别考虑 -应急服务应急服务vFollow notification procedures.跟随公布程序 vAdvise crew of fire vehicle positions(limited view from cockpit)通知机组消防车位置(驾驶舱视野较陜窄)vAdvise AFC Rescue Leader of crew evacuation plans(if known)通知机场消防抢救指挥官有关机组撤离计划(如有的话)FACILITATION FACILITATION 帮助vPass on any requests from crew or AFC,e.g.传递所有机组或机场消防队的请求，如vCasualty numbers 伤亡数字 vSpecial Equipment needed 特别设备的需求 vHigh lift/Tug/Steps 起重装置/拖船/梯架 FACTORS AFFECTING TYPES OF EMERGENCY影响紧急程度的因素影响紧急程度的因素nRemember Remember:No two emergencies will ever be the No two emergencies will ever be the same!The same emergency can develop and be same!The same emergency can develop and be resolved in an entirely different way on different resolved in an entirely different way on different occasions because there are so many variables that occasions because there are so many variables that can eventually affect the outcome.The following is a can eventually affect the outcome.The following is a list of some of the factors that may affect the progress list of some of the factors that may affect the progress and outcome of particular emergencies.and outcome of particular emergencies.备备忘忘 ：没有紧急事故是没有紧急事故是完全完全一样的一样的 ！类似的类似的紧急事故可发展成不同情况紧急事故可发展成不同情况，因为有太多变数因为有太多变数可影响特殊紧急状态的进展和结果可影响特殊紧急状态的进展和结果。見見下下面面例例子子What is an Abnormal Situation?1、爆炸物威胁爆炸物威胁；(bomb warning)2、操纵系统故障操纵系统故障；(control system inoperative)3、除除/防冰系统故障；防冰系统故障；(icing problem)(icing problem)4 4、电力系统故障；、电力系统故障；(electric system failure)(electric system failure)5 5、发动机故障发动机故障；(engine failure)6、风挡问题风挡问题；(windshield problem)7、非法干扰；非法干扰；(unlawful interference)(unlawful interference)8、空中失火空中失火；fire in cockpit)9 9、起落架故障；、起落架故障；(landing gear inoperative)(landing gear inoperative)1010、燃油问题；、燃油问题；(fuel trouble)(fuel trouble)What is Abnormal situation?1111、通讯失效、通讯失效；(communication failure)12、液压系统故障；液压系统故障；(hydraulic problem)1313、医疗救护；、医疗救护；(sick person reported)14、仪表故障；仪表故障；(instrument problems)15、增压系统故障；增压系统故障；(pressurization problem)1616、鸟击；鸟击；(bird strike)17、ACAS/TCAS18、空中放油；空中放油；(fuel dumping)19、不利气象条件；不利气象条件；(bad weather)2020、地面事件；地面事件；(ground incident)21、复飞；、复飞；(missed approach)22、活动通报；活动通报；(traffic information)23、最低引导高度和最低扇区高度。、最低引导高度和最低扇区高度。(MVA/MSA)BOMB WARNING nREMEMBERnAlways inform your SUPERVISOR of an abnormal situationnAlthough most cases of this modern form of terrorism are false alarms,ALL must be taken seriously until proved to be a hoax.The terrorists report may be proven false.The event is then called a hoax.nThe crews on an aircraft are trained to handle such situations and there is a bomb search checklist on board.BOMB WARNINGnIn the event of a bomb warning the air traffic controller is the most direct point of contact with the pilot and crew.Therefore,much of the coordination and official counter measure planning will be relayed through the controller talking to the pilot.BOMB WARNINGnAll procedures will be executed according to local instructions as contained in the local alarm plans nIn the event of an explosion,damage is reduced if flying at a lower altitude due to less pressureBOMB WARNINGn ATC Can Expect a:aircraft may stop climbingb:request for immediate level changec:possible landing at next suitable airportd:aircraft early in landing configuration,such as lowering landing gear and flapsBOMB WARNING nATC actions to be takena:clear airspace in the immediate vicinityb:ask for flying time neededc:prepare for evacuation after landingd:prepare for additional stairs to unload passengerse:clear runway according to local instructionBOMB WARNINGf:keep safety strip clear near landing runwayg:arrange parking away from building&other aircraft爆炸物威胁爆炸物威胁通话通话关键词:anonymouscall匿名电话emergencyevacuation紧急撤离escapechute(emergencyslides)逃生滑梯thebombdisposalsquad拆弹人员pitch俯仰roll横滚yaw偏转banktheaircraft倾斜(压坡度)dive俯冲stall失速爆炸物威胁爆炸物威胁jetway廊桥（美）airbridge/loadingbridge廊桥passengergate登机口terminal候机楼groundhandling地勤conveyor输送带servicetruck地面特种车辆airportpassengerbus/ferry摆渡车tug/towingtractor拖车towbar拖把groundpowerunit地面电源车cateringtruck食品车（配餐车）爆炸物威胁爆炸物威胁waterservicetruck供水车galleyservicetruck餐车firetruck救火车ambulance救护车crashtender事故处理车wheelbarrow独轮手推车airsteps机载客梯snowplow犁雪车rampvehicle机坪车辆爆炸物威胁爆炸物威胁securityvan保安运货车icemelter除冰车coach大客车loadingfuel加油车hydrantdispenser管线加油车runwaysnowblower吹雪车sweeper清扫车爆炸物威胁爆炸物威胁通知机组情况并询问意图通知机组情况并询问意图:C:WehavejustreceivedananonymouscallsayingtheresabombonboardandtheywantyouraircrafttoproceedtoWB,Whatsyourintention?我们接到一个匿名电话说飞机上有一颗炸弹，要求你们的飞机飞往WB。你们打算怎么办？C:Theemergencyequipmentisstandingby.紧急救援设备已经准备好。机组报告及意图机组报告及意图:P:Wehavefoundbombsonboard.我们在机上发现有爆炸物(炸弹)。P:Wellexecuteemergencyevacuationafterlandingandpleasesend the bomb disposal squad to get on board as soon aspossible.我们将在落地后实施紧急撤离，请在落地后派炸弹拆除人员立即登机。Control system inoperativen ATC action to be taken:nALWAYS INFORM YOUR SUPERVISOR IMMEDIATELYa:ask the pilot more about the system trouble(make clear of what the problem is and what will happen)b:ask the need and intention of pilotc:prepare the priority of landingd:inform the alternate airport,ACC and APPe:clear the airspace if needed操纵系统故障操纵系统故障通话关键词通话关键词:controlsysteminoperative操纵系统故障systemjammed系统卡住了crank曲柄（摇把）reversethrust反喷装置manualcontrols人工操纵系统handles操纵手柄switches开关stick驾驶杆theelevatorcontrols升降舵操纵系统theautopilotcontrols自动驾驶操纵系统操纵系统故障操纵系统故障thecontrolsurfaces操纵面flaps襟翼elevators升降舵spoilers扰流板noflaplanding无襟翼落地flapsetting襟翼位置选定thefullflapsposition全襟翼位置retracttheflaps收襟翼brakesareunreliable刹车不可靠boostedcontrol助力系统lever/stick/column杆knobs按钮或旋钮操纵系统故障操纵系统故障thecontrolstand操纵台therudderbar方向舵连杆theflapcontrols襟翼操纵系统steeringwheel转弯方向盘（前轮）ailerons副翼slats缝翼rudder方向舵airbrakes减速板flapangle襟翼角度pitchtrim俯仰配平操纵系统故障操纵系统故障机组通报情况机组通报情况:P:Were having difficulties in maintaining a straight course,airplanetendstodrifttotheright.Wedonthavethesteeringproblemanymore.Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththeboostedcontrol.我们保持航迹有困难，飞机有右偏的趋势。转向系统没有问题，可能是助力系统的问题。P:Flaps and slats are jammed.We cant extend beyond 15degrees.P:Flapsarejammed.Theywontextendfurtherdownthan15degrees.襟翼卡阻，不能放下超过15度。P:Wehavefullflapsnow,itmaybealubricationproblem.现在我们可以放下全部襟翼了，也许是润滑的问题。操纵系统故障操纵系统故障P:Overheatlightsareon油需要冷却。P:Wehavebeenstruckbylightning,therearfuselageisdamaged,therightelevatorisinoperative.我们遭到雷击，后机身被打坏，失去右升降舵。P:Wehavelostcontroloftheleftaileron.左侧副翼不工作了。P:Wehavecontrolproblems,yawdamperinoperative.我们操作系统故障，偏航阻尼器不工作了。P:Wevelostcontrolofthepitchtrim.我的俯仰配平失效。P:Autopilothasaproblem,nowusingmanualcontrol.自动驾驶仪故障，改手操纵。操纵系统故障操纵系统故障P:We have trouble with the elevator control,it is shaking slightly,we will keep a faster approachspeedonfinal.升降舵操纵系统故障，轻微抖动，我们在五边保持稍大进场速度。P:Theaircraftisrollingrightandleftupto20degrees.Somethingiswrongwiththeruddersystem.飞机左右摇晃20度，方向舵系统发生故障。P:Reversethrustandtheairbrakeshavefailed.反喷和减速板故障。操纵系统故障操纵系统故障机组要求机组要求:P:WedliketoholdoverHURtomakefurtherchecks.我们希望到HUR等待，做进一步检查。P:Illhavetoholdforawhiletosortthisout.我要盘旋等待以便找出原因。P:Wehavetotaxibacktotheapronduetoflapssettingproblem,pleaseadvisegroundmechanicsweneedtheirhelp.指挥机组:C:Clearedtolandwithfasterapproachspeed,besurenottolandbeyondthetouchdownzone.可以用稍大进场速度，注意落地时不要超出规定接地地带。操作系统故障询问机组询问机组:C:Reportendurance.剩余油量还能飞多长时间？C:Reportyourintentions.报告你的意图。C:HowmayIhelpyou?你需要我们做什么？C:Doyouneedtheemergencyequipment?你需要紧急救援设备吗？C:Doyouneedanyadditionalassistance?你需要其它帮助吗？C:Theemergencyequipmentisstandingby.紧急救援设备已经准备好。C:Requestnumberofpeopleonboard.请报告机上人数。Anti-icing system inoperativenEXPECT Anti-icing system inoperativenATC actions to be expected and takennALWAYS INFORM YOUR SUPERVISOR a:aircraft may need immediate change of level and/or headingb:clear the airspace if neededc:aircraft may descend slow or fastd:aircraft may fly at a higher speed除除/防冰系统故障防冰系统故障通话关键词通话关键词:anti-icingsysteminoperative防冰系统故障anti-icingsystempreventsiceformationsde-icingsysteminoperative除冰系统故障de-icingsystemremovesiceafterithasformedthefreezinglevel结冰层（指下限）icing结冰freezingrain冻雨anti-icingfluid防冻液flushingtoilet冲水厕所除除/防冰系统故障防冰系统故障补充词汇：nose,windshield,hatch,fuselage,belly；landinggear,nosegear,maingear)；wing(port=left,starboard=right),engine,cabin,aileron；flightdeck(cockpit),flap,slat,wingtip,winglet；tailhorizontal(vertical)stabilizer,fin；trimtab,rudder,elevator,exhaustnozzle；cargocompartment,skin,wheelwell,tank；leadingedge,trailingedge,autopilot除除/防冰系统故障防冰系统故障机组通报情况机组通报情况:P:Wehaveencounteredcontinuoussevereiceatthislevel,ouranti-icingsystemisinoperative,requestdescent.我们在这个高度碰到连续严重结冰，我们的防冰系统故障，请求下降。P:De-icing system is inoperative,request lowerlevel.P:Leadingedgesareicedover,requestimmediatedescent.除除/防冰系统故障防冰系统故障询问机组询问机组:C:Reportyourintentions.Whatdoyouwanttodo?报告你的意图。C:HowcanIhelpyou?你需要我们做什么？C:Doyouneedanymorehelp?你需要其它帮助吗？指挥机组下降高度指挥机组下降高度:C:DescendtoFL210toavoidtheicingarea,reportreaching.可以下降到两万一千英尺避开结冰区域，到达报告。Electrical problemnREMEMBERnALWAYS INFORM YOUR SUPERVISORnElectrical problems may be caused by the failure of one or more of the aircrafts generators,a short circuit,or other technical deficiency.n Lightning strike may also cause problems with the electrical systemsElectrical problemnLoss of electrical power is an emergency situation.Even though most aircraft can still function on reduced power,a possible complete power failure must be expected.Therefore,partial failure is also treated as an emergency.nWhen a pilot reports the aircraft to be on standby power,remember most aircraft will have battery supplied electrical power for only 20-30 minutes,so urgent action by ATC is requiredElectrical problemnEXPECTnIn case of one generator failure reported:In order to conserve power supplies,all unnecessary power consuming system shall be switched off.This may include for example:the transponder and internal&external lighting;As it must be expected that all power supply could end,the flight may wish to continue under VMC,this may require level change;Landing at the next suitable aerodrome is the expected action in the situation;Read back may be limited to save energyElectrical problemnIn case of all generator failure but battery can be usedthe battery will not be recharged and supply will be ver