综合英语4Lesson2解析.pptx

Lesson Two.Word Study .Phrases and Expressions.Word Building.Grammar Language StudyLanguage StudyI.I.Word StudyWord StudyWord list:1.aggression2.allot3.ascend4.chill5.eccentric6.inquire7.mess8.moisten9.oblige10.shriek11.tense12.viciousI.I.Word StudyWord Study1.aggression n.a.the act of initiating hostilities or invasion b.the practice or habit of launching attacksExamples:The statement condemned the countrys brutal aggression against its neighbor.Boys usually express their aggression by hitting each other.so far they had showed no aggression towards him.physical/verbal aggression 人身侵犯人身侵犯/口头侵犯口头侵犯 a.aggressivev.aggressn.aggressorWord formationsTo be continued on the next page.Examples:Bailey became increasingly aggressive in his questioning of the witness.越来越咄咄逼人越来越咄咄逼人Todays executives are hungry,competitive,and aggressive.雄心勃勃，竞争意识强，有进取精神雄心勃勃，竞争意识强，有进取精神an aggressive tumor 迅速蔓延的肿瘤迅速蔓延的肿瘤 a.aggressiveI.I.Word StudyWord Studya.inclined to behave in a hostile fashionb.assertive,bold,and enterprisingc.fast growing;tending to spread quicklyI.I.Word StudyWord Study2.allot v.a.to parcel out;to distribute or apportion b.to assign as a portion;to allocateExamples:They allotted a parking-space to each employee.Can we do the work within the time they have allotted to us?allocate rations for a week-long camping tripapportion the money fairlySynonymsallocateapportionassignTo be continued on the next page.I.I.Word StudyWord Study assign，allot，apportion，allocateThese verbs mean to set aside or give out in portions or shares.assign/allot refer to arbitrary distribution,but neither implies equality or fairness of divisionExamples:The hardest work was assigned to the strongest laborers.We allot a half hour a day for recreation.To be continued on the next page.I.I.Word StudyWord Study apportion is to divide according to prescribed rules and implies fair distribution allocate usually means to set something apart from a larger quantity,as of money,for a specific purpose or for a particular person or group Examples:“The first duty of a legislator is to apportion penalties.”“立法者的第一项任务就是分配刑罚立法者的第一项任务就是分配刑罚”A portion of the budget was allocated for the education of each student.I.I.Word StudyWord Study v.a.to go or move upward;to rise b.to slope upward;to move upward upon or along;to climb c.to succeed to;to occupy3.ascendn.ascent scendancy ascendantWord formationsAntonymsdescenddescentExamples:The stairs in the Five-Star hotel ascend in a graceful curve.They began slowly ascending the rock face.The emperor ascended the kingdom when he was only five.I.I.Word StudyWord Study n.a.a moderate but penetrating coldness b.a sensation of coldness,often accompanied by shivering and pallor of the skin c.a sudden numbing fear or dread 4.chillExamples:There is a noticeable chill in the air today.A little chill ran down her back.The population experienced a chill at the threat of an invasion.To be continued on the next page.I.I.Word StudyWord Study Cf.chill/chilling/chilled/chilly a.Examples:a chill/chilling wind The evenings are getting chilly.a very chill/chilly responsea chilling ghost storya bottle of chilled champagne冷飕飕的风冷飕飕的风夜晚冷得难受。夜晚冷得难受。不友好不友好/冷淡的反应冷淡的反应令人毛骨悚然的鬼故事令人毛骨悚然的鬼故事一瓶冰镇香槟酒一瓶冰镇香槟酒I.I.Word StudyWord Study5.eccentric a.a.departing from a recognized,conventional,or established norm or pattern b.deviating from a circular form or path,as in an elliptical orbitExamples:The old lady has some eccentric habits.Mars,Venus and the other planets move in eccentric orbits.火星、金星及其他行星沿不正圆的轨道运行。火星、金星及其他行星沿不正圆的轨道运行。Synonymsoddoutlandishpeculiarqueer quaintstrangeTo be continued on the next page.I.I.Word StudyWord StudySynonymsoddoutlandishpeculiarqueer quaintstrange strange:unfamiliar,distant,not comfortable,constrained,not knownWhen he woke up,he was in a strange place.peculiar:distinct from all others,unusual,uniqueThis fish has a peculiar taste;do you think its all right?Language is peculiar to mankind.odd:deviating from what is ordinary,usual,or expectedIts odd that he hasnt telephoned me.an odd glove 单只手套单只手套 odd job 临时工作临时工作To be continued on the next page.I.I.Word StudyWord StudySynonymsoddoutlandishpeculiarqueer quaintstrange queer:markedly from the norm“Now,my suspicion is that the universe is not only queerer than we suppose,but queerer than we can suppose.”“现在，我的怀疑是宇宙不但比我们所假想的要奇异，而且比我们现在，我的怀疑是宇宙不但比我们所假想的要奇异，而且比我们能假想的还要奇异。能假想的还要奇异。”JBS(霍尔丹）霍尔丹）quaint:pleasing or old-fashioned peculiarity the quaint streets of New Orleans outlandish:alien or bizarre strangeness They were dressed in a quaint,outlandish fashion.I.I.Word StudyWord Study6.inquire v.to seek information by asking a question to make an inquiry or investigationExamples:Ill inquire about the flights.She inquired after my mothers health.The director inquired of me about/concerning our work.We inquired into his story,and found it was true.He inquired for the book in a bookshop.Word formationsn.inquiry inquisitiona.inquiring inquisitiveTo be continued on the next page.I.I.Word StudyWord StudyFilling the blanks with the appropriate forms of“inquire”:Have they made any _ after me?The object of scientific _ is to discover the laws of nature.Dont be so _;Im not telling you what Ive promised not to say.An _ mind is very vital and valuable in pursuing knowledge.I knew Id face an _ when I got home.KeysinquiriesinquiryinquisitiveinquiringinquisitionI.I.Word StudyWord Study7.mess na.a cluttered,untidy,usually dirty condition b.a confused,troubling,or embarrassing conditionExamples:Ill have to clear up all the mess in this room.The copper industry was in a mess.This illness makes a mess of my holiday plans.She messed up her new dress with red ink.Dont mess with him when he is angry.和他捣乱和他捣乱 a messy court case 一件难缠的官司一件难缠的官司 v.messa.messyWord formationsI.I.Word StudyWord Study8.moisten v.to make or become moist Examples:“Moistened by rain and dew,young crops grow strong.”雨露滋润禾苗壮。雨露滋润禾苗壮。His eyes were moist with tears.The sun dries the moisture on the ground.n.moisture a.moistWord formationsI.I.Word StudyWord Study9.obligeExamples:The law obliges parents to send their children to school.I am obliged to you for your gracious hospitality.Could you oblige me by posting this letter?Grace obliged the company with a song.v.a.to constrain by physical,legal,social,or moral means b.to make indebted or grateful c.to do a service or favor forI.I.Word StudyWord Study10.shriek n.a.a shrill,often frantic cry b.a sound suggestive of such a cry v.to shriekExamples:A sudden terrible shriek froze the passenger to the spot.We heard the shriek of the engines whistle.They were all shrieking with laughter.shriek out a warningSynonymscall cryscreamscreechshoutyellI.I.Word StudyWord Studya.a.tightly stretched b.in a state of mental or nervous tension v./n.tenseExamples:tense musclesThe players were tense at the start of the game.He dislikes oral exams most of all;they always tense him up.“Just”is frequently used with the present perfect tense.11.tenseWord formations n.tension a.tensile 可拉长的可拉长的I.I.Word StudyWord StudyExamples:It was one of the most vicious crimes of the century.She made up a vicious story about me to get even.The vicious dog ought to be on a leash.vicious circle/cycle of poverty-ignorance-poverty12.vicious残暴的残暴的恶毒的恶毒的凶猛的凶猛的恶性循环恶性循环Translationa.a.having the nature of vice;evil,immoral,or depraved b.spiteful;malicious c.disposed to or characterized by violent or destructive behavior The end of Word Study.List:1.every now and then/again2.to give ones alibi3.in a split second4.to make a remark5.not in the least6.to pop in and out7.to put out of ones mind8.to start the balling rolling9.to take advantage of 10.to walk in ones sleepII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and ExpressionsExamples:Every now and then a ship came into the harbor.Write me a post card every now and again.Every now and then he wiped his eyes with a big pocket-handkerchief.He only comes to London every now and then.1.Every now and then/againII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressionson a number of occasions;at regular intervalsto give a formal statement or evidence that a person was in another place at the time of a crimeExamples:He couldnt give a reliable alibi so the police didnt release him.Have you an alibi?你能证明不在犯罪现场吗？你能证明不在犯罪现场吗？2.To give ones alibiII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and ExpressionsMore examples:immediatelyin a momentat once in an instantat a word in a secondright away in a blinkat short notice in a twinkling of an eyeinstantly in one breathinstantaneously in the same breath3.in a split secondII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions一瞬间，霎那间一瞬间，霎那间II.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions4.to make a remark to make a statement or commetExamples:They kept making remarks about us.Sophia made no remark as to Geralds lie to her.He made an unpleasant comment about my friend.He made a flattering statement about her clothes.Glass,exposed beams,and antiques all combine to make a strong decorative statement.将玻璃、裸露的柱子和古董结合在一起制造出强烈的装饰效果。将玻璃、裸露的柱子和古董结合在一起制造出强烈的装饰效果。Examples:I am not in the least afraid of his threats.I dont mind in the least.at least:至少；无论如何至少；无论如何I waited at least an hour.You might at least answer.least of all:尤其不尤其不Nobody cared,least of all the manager.not least:相当重要相当重要Trade has been bad,not least because of increased costs.5.not in the least not at allII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions to make brief visit and then leave suddenlyExamples:Shes always popping in and out.她总是来去匆匆。她总是来去匆匆。Ive just popped in to say hello.Im afraid shes just popped out for a few minutes.Our neighbor popped in for short call.I am just popping round to the shop.pop round when you get timePop down to the shops and get a bottle of milk.6.to pop in and outII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions进来进来出去出去进来进来去一下去一下短暂拜访短暂拜访匆匆去匆匆去Translationto make one forget something7.to put out of ones mindPhrases with“mind”II.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and ExpressionsExample:You have to try to put your past suffering out of your mind and make a fresh start.To be continued on the next page.Phrases with“mind”II.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressionsbe in onee mindbe in two mindsbe on ones mindbe out of ones mindbear in mindgive ones mind togo out of ones mindkeep ones mind ontake off ones mind 有想法，有想法，想念想念拿不定主意，不肯定拿不定主意，不肯定,犹豫犹豫压在心上，有心事压在心上，有心事不想，不正常不想，不正常记住记住专心从事，对专心从事，对 专注专注不再想不再想,忘掉，发疯忘掉，发疯专心注意，聚精会神专心注意，聚精会神去掉心事去掉心事to start the conversation/activity8.to start the ball rollingII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions“ball”phrasesOther Phrases:get the ball rolling(=keep the ball rolling)使（活动、讨论等）不中断使（活动、讨论等）不中断have the ball at ones feet 有希望一蹴而就有希望一蹴而就on the ball 内行；在行内行；在行That banker is really on the ball.那位银行家的确很在行。那位银行家的确很在行。play ball（与（与with连用）连用）合作合作 to put in good use;to avail oneself of profit selfishly by9.To take advantage ofII.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and ExpressionsExamples:We should take advantage of all educational opportunities.Shes s using her charm to try to take advantage of him.Cf.make use of:She was making full use of her opportunity.Example:Children who walk in their sleep usually outgrow the habit.梦游的孩子通常在长大后会改掉这个习惯。梦游的孩子通常在长大后会改掉这个习惯。10.to walk in ones sleep II.II.Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and ExpressionsThe end of Phrases and Expressions.to walk around while asleepcry oneself to sleep 哭着睡着了哭着睡着了get/go to sleep 睡着，入睡睡着，入睡in a sound/beautiful sleep 睡得正熟睡得正熟/香香last/long sleep 长眠长眠 put to sleep 使睡着使睡着III.III.Word BuildingWord BuildingList:1.Derivatives of“form”2.Derivatives of“scribe”3.Affix rupt4.Suffix-mitIII.III.Word BuildingWord Buildingconformdeformmisinformperformreformtransformformationformatform:form:the shape and structure of an objectinform:in 在在 内内+form形状；在心里造成形状就引申为通知形状；在心里造成形状就引申为通知符合，使一致符合，使一致变形变形告知错误的信息告知错误的信息履行，执行履行，执行改革，重新组成改革，重新组成转换，使转换，使 变形变形形成形成,构成，编队构成，编队格式，形式，版式格式，形式，版式scribe:scribe:from Late Latin“scre”:to write：写，记下：写，记下III.III.Word BuildingWord Buildingascribedescribeinscribeprescribesubscribetranscribe归因于，归咎于归因于，归咎于描写，记述，形容描写，记述，形容记下记下指示，规定，开药指示，规定，开药订阅，签署订阅，签署转录转录III.III.Word BuildingWord Buildingerupteruptrupt:from Latin “rumpere”:to break abruptbankrupteruptcorruptdisruptinterruptrupture突然，陡峭的突然，陡峭的破产破产喷出，爆发喷出，爆发腐烂，堕落腐烂，堕落使中断，使破裂使中断，使破裂打断，中断打断，中断破裂，裂开破裂，裂开Suffix-mit:Latin suffix:to send 呈交，放开呈交，放开admit:ad-=to 向，对向，对III.III.Word BuildingWord BuildingadmitcommitemitremittransmitThis is the end of Word Building.允许，接纳允许，接纳把把 交托给，提交交托给，提交发出，放射发出，放射汇出，传送汇出，传送传输，传达传输，传达IV.IV.GrammarGrammarTo be continued on the next page.Parenthetical ElementsBefore going into his room he made an old remark whichin the circumstancesis worth repeating.Prepositional phrase as a parenthetical expression to add some explanations of the situation Parenthetical elements are often used as transitional and explanatory expressions or afterthoughts.More ExamplesIV.IV.GrammarGrammarTo be continued on the next page.1.Many students choose Saturday for sports or social activities.Sunday,on the other hand,seems to be the best study day for many students.(transitional)2.Economics,especially at an advanced level,is closely related to mathematics.(explanatory)3.For an hourit was that long,I am suremy eyes stared at the ceiling,and held on to it for dear life.(afterthoughts)4.I kept out till approximatelynine oclock.(explanatory)Study the following sentences below,identify parenthetical elements and point out whether they are transitional and explanatory expressions or afterthoughts.IV.IV.GrammarGrammarTo be continued on the next page.1.When the alarm rangit had been tested only onceit sounded like the buzz of a distant bee.2.It was an old store even then,forty-five years ago,and its wide oak floorboards had been worn pleasantly smooth by the shoes sole of three generations.3.Anyone else,I suppose,would have done it under the circumstances.keysafterthoughtsexplanatoryafterthoughts Study the following sentences below,identify parenthetical elements and point out whether they are transitional and explanatory expressions or afterthoughts.IV.IV.GrammarGrammarThis is the end of Grammar.4.It was a clear and starry night.No moon,of course,but the stars were extraordinary.5.The countryside was,in fact,famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life.6.When you look ahead,you think you have more time than you need.At the beginning of a semester,for example,you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands.transitionaltransitionalexplanatorykeys