西工大飞动专外复习.pptx

General Introduction of Rocket Propulsion1 Rocket propulsion is a class of jet propulsions.Working by action and reaction.The other is duct propulsion Propulsion:the act of changing the motion of a body General Introduction of Rocket Propulsion2Movement/ThrustP1P2Exhaust gasesDefinition of performance parameters:Thrust/推力推力 F unite：NAMomentum ThrustPressure ThrustTotal impulse/总冲总冲 I It t unit NsSpecific impulse/比冲比冲 I Isp sp unit m/s or sWorking process:Propellant Chemical EnergyInternal Energy of Combustion ProductKinetic Energy of Exhaust GasesKinetic Energy of RocketcombustionexpansionaccelerationClassification of rocket propulsionby the energy source3Rocket propulsionChemical/化学能Nuclear/核能Solar/太阳能Solid/固体Liquid/液体Hybrid/固液Typical configuration of Solid Rocket Motor(SRM)41.Igniter/点火器点火器2.Thrust Termination/推力终止装置推力终止装置3.Motor Case/发动机壳体发动机壳体4.Internal Insulation/内绝热内绝热层层5.Propellant Grain/推进剂装药推进剂装药6.Thrust Vector Control（flexible bearing）/推力矢量控制推力矢量控制（柔性轴承）（柔性轴承）7.Thrust Vector Actuator/推力矢量控制执推力矢量控制执行机构行机构(作动筒作动筒)8.Nozzle Throat/喷管喉部喷管喉部9.Nozzle exit cone/喷管出口锥（扩张段）喷管出口锥（扩张段）10.aft dome/后封头后封头12345678910Diagram of Space Shutter Booster5Typical configuration of Liquid Rocket Engine(LRE)Turbopump systems61.Fuel Tank/燃料储箱燃料储箱2.Oxidizer Tank/氧化剂储箱氧化剂储箱3.Fuel Pump/燃料泵燃料泵4.Oxidizer Pump/氧化剂泵氧化剂泵5.Gas Turbine/燃气涡轮燃气涡轮6.Gas Generator/燃气发生器燃气发生器7.Valves/阀门阀门8.Injector/喷注器喷注器9.Combustion Chamber/燃烧室燃烧室10.Nozzle/喷管喷管Typical configuration of Liquid Rocket Engine(LRE)Turbopump systems7Typical configuration of Liquid Rocket Engine(LRE)Pressurized systems81234567891.High-pressure gas(helium)tank/高压（氦气）瓶高压（氦气）瓶2.Regulator/减压器减压器3.Check valve/单向阀单向阀4.Isolation valve/隔离阀隔离阀5.Fuel(Monomethyl-hydrazine)Tank/燃料（一甲燃料（一甲基肼）储箱基肼）储箱6.Oxidizer(Nitrogen tetroxide)Tank/氧化剂（四氧化剂（四氧化二氮）储箱氧化二氮）储箱7.Fill valve/加注加注阀阀8.Combustion Chamber/燃烧室燃烧室9.Nozzle/喷管喷管V-2 rocket diagram91.warhead2.automatic gyro control3.guidebeam and radio command receivers4.alcohol-water mixture5.rocket body6.liquid oxygen7.hydrogen peroxide pressed nitrogen pressurising bottles9.hydrogen peroxide reaction chamber10propellant turbopump11.thrust frame12.oxygen/alcohol burner caps13.rocket combustion chamber(outer skin)14.alcohol inlets15.wing16.jet vane17.air vaneTypical configuration of Hybrid Rocket10211.Pressurizing gas/燃料储箱燃料储箱2.Regulator/减压器减压器3.Liquid Oxidizer/液体氧化剂液体氧化剂4.Valve/阀门阀门5.Oxidizer Injector/氧化剂喷注器氧化剂喷注器6.Solid Fuel/固体燃料固体燃料7.Combustion Chamber/燃烧室燃烧室8.Nozzle/喷管喷管34X5678General Introduction of Rocket Propulsion11safe/arm device:保险保险/解除保险装置解除保险装置case-bonded：贴壁浇注：贴壁浇注free-standing：自由装填：自由装填reliability：可靠性：可靠性trajectory：轨迹，弹道：轨迹，弹道thrust/pressure-time profile：推力：推力/压力时间曲线压力时间曲线thrust vector control：推力矢量控制：推力矢量控制movable nozzle：可移动喷管：可移动喷管extendable nozzle：可延伸喷管：可延伸喷管Solid PropellantClassification12Double-base propellants(DB)homogeneous 均相 nitrocellulose(NC)硝化棉硝化棉nitroglycerine(NG)硝化甘油硝化甘油Composite propellants heterogeneous非均相oxidizer crystals/氧化剂晶体氧化剂晶体 ammonium perchlorate（AP）高氯酸铵高氯酸铵powdered fuel/粉末状燃料粉末状燃料 aluminum or boronbinder/粘合剂粘合剂 rubber or plastic Liquid propellant131.Oxidizer(liquid oxygen,nitric acid,etc.)氧化剂氧化剂(液氧液氧,硝酸等硝酸等)2.Fuel(gasoline,kerosene,alcohol,liquid hydrogen,etc.)燃料燃料(汽油汽油,煤油煤油,酒精酒精,液氢等液氢等)3.Compound or mixture of oxidizer and fuel,capable of self-ecomposition(hydrogen peroxide H2O2)氧化剂和燃料的化合物氧化剂和燃料的化合物或混合物或混合物,能自身分解能自身分解(过氧化氢等过氧化氢等)bipropellant/双组员双组员monopropellant/单组员单组员cold gas propellant /冷气推进冷气推进cryogenic propellant /低温推进剂低温推进剂Propellant14internal ballistic：内弹道：内弹道case-bonding：贴壁浇注：贴壁浇注free-standing：自由装填：自由装填cast/cure：浇注：浇注/固化固化stress/strain：应力应力/应变应变artificial de-bonding：人工脱粘：人工脱粘burning rate：燃速：燃速bipropellant：双组元：双组元monopropellant：单组元：单组元Motor Case(SRM)Motor Case(SRM)15Functions:contains the propellant grainhighly loaded pressure vesselprimary structure of the missile or launch vehicleMaterials：high-strength metalssteel,aluminum,or titanium alloys 钢，铝或钛合金）钢，铝或钛合金）filament reinforced plastics glass,Kevlar,and carboncombination：a metal case has externally wound filaments for extra strengthMotor Case(SRM)Motor Case(SRM)16Motor Case(SRM)(SRM)17forward/aft dome：前：前/后封头后封头proof factor：校验系数：校验系数low-ally steel：低合金钢：低合金钢composite material复合材料：复合材料glass/carbon/aramid fiber：玻璃：玻璃/碳碳/芳纶（凯夫拉）纤维芳纶（凯夫拉）纤维matrix：基体，母体：基体，母体inert mass：惰性质量：惰性质量Nozzle design18for expansion and acceleration of the combustion productfunction/功能：功能：heat(internal)energy完成内能到动能的转换kinetic energyenvironment/工作环境工作环境：high temperature/heat transfer and erosion.高温/快传热+侵蚀operating durations/工作时间工作时间:a fraction of a second to several minutes 从不到一秒到几分钟Nozzle design19Configuration/three distinct regions:123converging section inlet with subsonic gas flowthroat(minimum cross section)maintains chamber pressurediverging section/cone accelerating the hot gases123Nozzle design20Classification:Fixed NozzleMovable Nozzle(TVC)Submerged NozzleExtendible NozzleBlast-Tube-Mounted NozzleNozzle Design21exit cone：出口圆锥（扩张段）：出口圆锥（扩张段）throat insert：喉衬：喉衬graphite：石墨：石墨chemical vapor deposition（CVD）：化学气相）：化学气相沉积沉积cross section：横截面：横截面friction coefficient：摩擦系数：摩擦系数prototype：原型机：原型机thrust termination：推力终止：推力终止Ignition system22Phase ignition time lag.Phase flame-spreading interval.Phase chamber-filling interval.Typical pyrotechnic igniter with three different propellant charges that ignite in sequenceIgnition System23Mounting/安装方式安装方式:Aft，InternalAft，ExternalForward，InternalForward，ExternalGround test/地面测试2412347561.static bench2.thrust cradle3.in situ calibration assembly4.force cell5.flexure support6.safety block7.Solid rocket motorGround test/地面测试25SM-3/SDACS26High Divert Kinetic Warhead:高机动动能弹头高机动动能弹头Kinetic Kill Vehicle(KKV):动能拦截器动能拦截器theater ballistics missiles:战区弹道导弹战区弹道导弹tactical ballistics missile：战术弹道导弹：战术弹道导弹strategic ballistics missile：战略弹道导弹：战略弹道导弹intercontinental ballistic missile 洲际弹道导弹洲际弹道导弹ICBMintermediate-range ballistic missile 中程弹道导弹中程弹道导弹IRBMmedium-range ballistic missile 中程弹道导弹中程弹道导弹MRBMSM:Standard Missile 标准导弹标准导弹SDACS:Solid Divert Attitude Control System(SDACS)固体姿轨控固体姿轨控系统系统SM-3/SDACS 27acquire 获得，目标锁定calibration 标定，校准SM-3/SDACS28SM-3/SDACS29pitch/yaw/roll:俯仰俯仰/偏航偏航/横滚横滚thermo-structure:热结构热结构computational fluid dynamics:计算流体力学计算流体力学state-of-the-art：目前工艺水平：目前工艺水平milestone：历程碑：历程碑prototype demonstration：原型机验证：原型机验证guidance accuracy 制导精度制导精度SPGG：Solid Propellant Gas Generator 固体燃气发生器固体燃气发生器DOD：Department of Defense 国防部国防部ERINT/CAP-330ERINT：Extended Range Interceptor 增程拦截增程拦截器器CAP：Patriot Advanced Capability Phased array radarLaunching vehicleERINT/PAC-331MissileACM：Attitude Control Motors180 terminal agility solid propellant motorsERINT/CAP-332TMD：Tactical Missile Defense 战术导弹防御系统战术导弹防御系统NMD：National Missile Defense 国家导弹防御系统国家导弹防御系统THAAD：Theater High Altitude Area Defense 战区高空防御系统战区高空防御系统 Terminal High Altitude Area Defense 末端高空防御系统末端高空防御系统LEAP：Lightweight Exo-atmospheric Projectile 轻质大气层外弹丸轻质大气层外弹丸terminal homing 末端寻的制导末端寻的制导on-board seeker 弹载导引头弹载导引头fire solution computer 火控计算机火控计算机hit-to-kill warhead撞击杀伤战斗部撞击杀伤战斗部blast-fragmentation warhead 破片杀伤战斗部破片杀伤战斗部Ramjet propulsionRamjet propulsion-duct rocket-duct rocket33a form of airbreathing jet enginecannot produce thrust at zero airspeedscramjet 高高超音速冲压发动机超音速冲压发动机ramjet 冲压冲压发动机发动机Turbine PropulsionTurbine Propulsion34Apogee kick motor/远地点加速发动机Orbits of space craft35Low earth orbit（LEO）近地轨道）近地轨道Medium Earth orbit(MEO)中轨道中轨道High Earth orbit(HEO)远地轨道远地轨道Geostationary Earth Orbit(GEO)地球静止轨道地球静止轨道Highly elliptical transfer orbit 大椭圆轨道大椭圆轨道Near-synchronous drift orbit 同步转移轨道同步转移轨道Geosynchronous orbit(GSO)地球同步轨道地球同步轨道Others36apogee kick motor 远地点发动机远地点发动机burn-in：老化：老化booster：助推器：助推器die pressing 模压法模压法？ground test 地面测试地面测试development and qualification 研制与鉴定研制与鉴定turbine：涡轮机：涡轮机air-breathing engine：吸气式发动机：吸气式发动机Thanks for your attention!Thanks for your attention!