英语学习bookshelf英语综合教程.pptx

S SUU C CL LT T E EBookshelfn nSilent ReadingSilent Readingn nText UnderstandingText Understandingn nCultural Tips and HintsCultural Tips and Hintsn nLanguage PointsLanguage Pointsn nText TranslationText Translationn nExercExerciseises sS SUU C CL LT T E ESilent Readingn nYou are going to read a passage about career and family.You are going to read a passage about career and family.Before you read,write down your own views on the aspects of Before you read,write down your own views on the aspects of the subject.the subject.QuestionsQuestionsYour viewYour view1.Why is it important to publish papers?1.Why is it important to publish papers?2.What are the key properties of a 2.What are the key properties of a good paper?good paper?3.If your paper is rejected,what would 3.If your paper is rejected,what would you do?you do?S SUU C CL LT T E EText Understandingn nRead the title to understand the theme of the article.Read the title to understand the theme of the article.n nJudging from the title,how do you think the author would Judging from the title,how do you think the author would develop his ideas?develop his ideas?S SUU C CL LT T E EText Understandingn nRead the passage and try to answer the questions below.Read the passage and try to answer the questions below.n n1.Why is it important to publish your ideas?1.Why is it important to publish your ideas?n n2.Where should you submit your paper?2.Where should you submit your paper?n nThere are four reasons for this:1)it gives you a source of feedback There are four reasons for this:1)it gives you a source of feedback from people who read your papers;2)it establishes you as a member from people who read your papers;2)it establishes you as a member of the research community;3)its useful for getting a job down the of the research community;3)its useful for getting a job down the line;4)it forces you to clarify your ideas and to fit them in the line;4)it forces you to clarify your ideas and to fit them in the context of the current state of research in your field.context of the current state of research in your field.n nIt depends on the degree to which the papers content has to be It depends on the degree to which the papers content has to be“significant.”“significant.”Click to listenS SUU C CL LT T E EText Understandingn nRead the passage and try to answer the questions below.Read the passage and try to answer the questions below.n n3.What are the main ideas of the following paragraphs?3.What are the main ideas of the following paragraphs?n n4.If your paper is rejected,what should you do?4.If your paper is rejected,what should you do?n nThe process of clarifying ideas and the train of thought in writing The process of clarifying ideas and the train of thought in writing and publishing papers.and publishing papers.n nFirst,keep trying;second,take the reviews to heart and try to First,keep trying;second,take the reviews to heart and try to rewrite the paper,addressing the reviewers comments.rewrite the paper,addressing the reviewers comments.Click to listenS SUU C CL LT T E ECultural Tips and Hintsn nThe Diversity of American Universitiesn nPublic Universitiesn nPrivate Universities S SUU C CL LT T E ECultural Tips and Hintsn nThe Diversity of American Universities The Diversity of American Universities n nWhen you hear the names of Harvard,Stanford,Yale,or The When you hear the names of Harvard,Stanford,Yale,or The University of California at Berkeley,what comes to mind?University of California at Berkeley,what comes to mind?Theres a good chance youre familiar with these schools Theres a good chance youre familiar with these schools because their reputations are well-known,even halfway across because their reputations are well-known,even halfway across the globe.With their first-rate research and graduate the globe.With their first-rate research and graduate programs,it might seem like those are the schools you should programs,it might seem like those are the schools you should attend,but your choices for a quality American education attend,but your choices for a quality American education extend far beyond the Ivy League.extend far beyond the Ivy League.n nAmerica hosts both private and public universities,a dynamic America hosts both private and public universities,a dynamic that helps fuel the diversity and vitality of the American that helps fuel the diversity and vitality of the American university system.The variety that exists means that there are university system.The variety that exists means that there are hundreds of American schools to choose from that offer hundreds of American schools to choose from that offer excellent graduate education.excellent graduate education.S SUU C CL LT T E ECultural Tips and Hintsn n The Diversity of American Universities n nHowever,the reputation of the overall university is However,the reputation of the overall university is important,since it is primarily responsible for setting the important,since it is primarily responsible for setting the intellectual atmosphere,providing resources such as libraries intellectual atmosphere,providing resources such as libraries and computer facilities,and for assembling your peer group.and computer facilities,and for assembling your peer group.However,you need to weigh the reputations and resources of However,you need to weigh the reputations and resources of individual graduate programs as well.Sometimes,the individual graduate programs as well.Sometimes,the reputations of individual scholars or special institutes may be reputations of individual scholars or special institutes may be greater than the departments in which they are located.greater than the departments in which they are located.S SUU C CL LT T E ECultural Tips and Hintsn nPublic Universitiesn nState universities are partially supported and indirectly State universities are partially supported and indirectly controlled by their respective state governments.This means controlled by their respective state governments.This means that they blend their aspirations for academic distinction with that they blend their aspirations for academic distinction with state mandates to serve and educate their citizens.state mandates to serve and educate their citizens.S SUU C CL LT T E ECultural Tips and Hintsn nPublic Universitiesn nTo accomplish that,most public universities offer broader To accomplish that,most public universities offer broader admission criteria than private universities.Typically,this admission criteria than private universities.Typically,this results in large enrollments,as well as multiple schools and results in large enrollments,as well as multiple schools and departments within a single university.With so many departments within a single university.With so many programs on campus,they may put support into building an programs on campus,they may put support into building an excellent reputation in a few areas,rather than many.Some of excellent reputation in a few areas,rather than many.Some of their graduate and research programs may be small but top-their graduate and research programs may be small but top-notch.notch.S SUU C CL LT T E ECultural Tips and Hintsn nPrivate Universitiesn nIn contrast,the average private research university is less than In contrast,the average private research university is less than half the size of a public university.They tend to be more half the size of a public university.They tend to be more selective in their offerings,preferring to strive for high quality selective in their offerings,preferring to strive for high quality rather than enrolling large numbers of students.Often,50 rather than enrolling large numbers of students.Often,50 percent or more of their student population consists of graduate percent or more of their student population consists of graduate and professional students,and they graduate one third of the and professional students,and they graduate one third of the Ph.D.s in the U.S.Ph.D.s in the U.S.S SUU C CL LT T E ELanguage Pointsn n1.Para.1,L4 1.Para.1,L4“.down the line”“.down the line”:in the direction of your researchin the direction of your researchn nline:line:business,profession,trade or field of interestbusiness,profession,trade or field of interestExampleExamplen nWhats your line of business?Whats your line of business?n nAre you in the banking line?Are you in the banking line?S SUU C CL LT T E ELanguage Pointsn n2.Para.2,L5 2.Para.2,L5“.work in progress.”:“.work in progress.”:work being done or madework being done or maden nin progress:in progress:the state of continuing or being donethe state of continuing or being doneExampleExamplen nBuilding work on the new swimming pool is still in progress.Building work on the new swimming pool is still in progress.n nThere is no hurry,the football match is in progress.There is no hurry,the football match is in progress.S SUU C CL LT T E ELanguage Pointsn n3.Para.3,L3-4“The same goes for the key 3.Para.3,L3-4“The same goes for the key technical ideas.”:technical ideas.”:The same is suitable for the key technical ideas.The same is suitable for the key technical ideas.n nthe same:the same:the same thing,person,situation,etc.the same thing,person,situation,etc.ExampleExamplen nThe same might be said of this problem.The same might be said of this problem.n nHe did lots of kindnesses.Ill do the same for him someday.He did lots of kindnesses.Ill do the same for him someday.S SUU C CL LT T E ELanguage Pointsn n4.Para.4,L4 4.Para.4,L4“.a running example.“.a running example.”:”:a continuous example a continuous examplen nrunning:running:continuouscontinuousExampleExamplen nHe has a running battle with his wife over which of them is He has a running battle with his wife over which of them is to use the car.to use the car.n nI hadnt seen anyone in the house for several days running.I hadnt seen anyone in the house for several days running.S SUU C CL LT T E ELanguage Pointsn n5.Para.6,L2“.if only to check for typos.”:5.Para.6,L2“.if only to check for typos.”:even if he only checks for typing errors even if he only checks for typing errorsn nif only:if only:to mention a motive,justification or excuse for doing to mention a motive,justification or excuse for doing or saying something,especially if it is not a very strong or saying something,especially if it is not a very strong oneoneExampleExamplen nI offered to drive them to the airport myself,if only to get I offered to drive them to the airport myself,if only to get away from my family quarrels for a few hours.away from my family quarrels for a few hours.S SUU C CL LT T E ELanguage Pointsn n6.Para.6,L10 6.Para.6,L10“.comes in handy”:“.comes in handy”:is useful some time or otheris useful some time or othern ncome in:come in:to be(esp.in the phrases like:come in handy,come in useful)to be(esp.in the phrases like:come in handy,come in useful)ExampleExamplen nThis material will come in useful one day,so dont throw it This material will come in useful one day,so dont throw it away.away.n nThe money will come in useful when the baby is born.The money will come in useful when the baby is born.S SUU C CL LT T E ELanguage Pointsn n7.Para.8,L11“If so,dont let it get to you”:7.Para.8,L11“If so,dont let it get to you”:If so,dont let it annoy,anger or affect you.If so,dont let it annoy,anger or affect you.n nget to/get:get to/get:(something unpleasant or unwelcome)annoy,irritate or affect(something unpleasant or unwelcome)annoy,irritate or affect(someone)badly(someone)badlyExampleExamplen nIt really gets/gets to me the way she expects the children to It really gets/gets to me the way she expects the children to keep quiet all the time.keep quiet all the time.n nJudging from her face,the lack of sleep is beginning to get to Judging from her face,the lack of sleep is beginning to get to her.her.S SUU C CL LT T E EText Translationn nParagraph 1Paragraph 1n nParagraph 2Paragraph 2n nParagraph 3Paragraph 3n nParagraph 4Paragraph 4n nParagraph 5Paragraph 5n nParagraph 6Paragraph 6n nParagraph 7Paragraph 7S SUU C CL LT T E EText Translationn nParagraph 1Paragraph 1n n发表你的观点很重要，原因在于：这样能够让你发表你的观点很重要，原因在于：这样能够让你了解来自读者的反馈信息；能够使你成为该研究了解来自读者的反馈信息；能够使你成为该研究领域的一员；有助于你在该领域找到一份工作；领域的一员；有助于你在该领域找到一份工作；能够迫使你明确自己的观点并且在你的研究领域能够迫使你明确自己的观点并且在你的研究领域的目前格局中找到自己的位置。的目前格局中找到自己的位置。S SUU C CL LT T E EText Translationn nParagraph 2Paragraph 2n n一篇好的论文有两个关键的特点：首先是内容充一篇好的论文有两个关键的特点：首先是内容充实：观点要新颖、有价值，并且要经得起推敲和实：观点要新颖、有价值，并且要经得起推敲和检验；其次还要文笔漂亮。论文内容的充实程度检验；其次还要文笔漂亮。论文内容的充实程度取决于你的论文是发表于什么地方。初步的想法取决于你的论文是发表于什么地方。初步的想法或正在进行中的研究适合于专题研讨会或讨论会；或正在进行中的研究适合于专题研讨会或讨论会；条理清楚，经过多方面论证的想法则可以在专业条理清楚，经过多方面论证的想法则可以在专业期刊上发表。要决定把你的论文发表到什么地方，期刊上发表。要决定把你的论文发表到什么地方，一个方法是读一读你准备投稿的出版物（如去年一个方法是读一读你准备投稿的出版物（如去年的学术会议记录，当前的期刊）上所发表的论文。的学术会议记录，当前的期刊）上所发表的论文。另一个方法是把论文的草稿或提纲拿给你的导师另一个方法是把论文的草稿或提纲拿给你的导师或其他同事看，征求他们的意见。或其他同事看，征求他们的意见。S SUU C CL LT T E EText Translationn nParagraph 3Paragraph 3n n如果你的观点非常好，但是表达很糟糕，你的论如果你的观点非常好，但是表达很糟糕，你的论文不会被接受。一定要知道你文章的论点是什么，文不会被接受。一定要知道你文章的论点是什么，然后清楚重复地陈述。关键的技术上的细节也是然后清楚重复地陈述。关键的技术上的细节也是如此。不要让你的读者自己去找出什么最重要如此。不要让你的读者自己去找出什么最重要而是直接告诉他们。否则，他们会做出错误的而是直接告诉他们。否则，他们会做出错误的理解。告诉读者你要解决的问题，为什么这个问理解。告诉读者你要解决的问题，为什么这个问题很重要，你是怎么解决的，你得出的结果是什题很重要，你是怎么解决的，你得出的结果是什么，关于同样或类似问题其他研究者是怎样处理么，关于同样或类似问题其他研究者是怎样处理的，以及为什么你的解决方法不一样或者为什么的，以及为什么你的解决方法不一样或者为什么你的方法更好。你的方法更好。S SUU C CL LT T E EText Translationn nParagraph 4Paragraph 4n n就像谈话的时候要考虑你的对象一样，论文写作就像谈话的时候要考虑你的对象一样，论文写作也要照顾到论文的读者。对于普通的读者，要提也要照顾到论文的读者。对于普通的读者，要提供更多的背景知识，而对于专业的读者，背景和供更多的背景知识，而对于专业的读者，背景和技术细节可以少一点。如果可能的话，要提供实技术细节可以少一点。如果可能的话，要提供实例，特别是当你的论文充满了公式和运算的时候。例，特别是当你的论文充满了公式和运算的时候。不要试图把你论题中的所有观点都放到一篇会议不要试图把你论题中的所有观点都放到一篇会议论文里面去。分成几篇来写，要不就写一两篇较论文里面去。分成几篇来写，要不就写一两篇较长的期刊文章。长的期刊文章。S SUU C CL LT T E EText Translationn nParagraph 5Paragraph 5n n重新提炼了你的观点以后，你可以用新的形式重重新提炼了你的观点以后，你可以用新的形式重新发表，但一定要放进新的材料而不是改头换面新发表，但一定要放进新的材料而不是改头换面地重复同样的观点。很多论文一开始是较短的研地重复同样的观点。很多论文一开始是较短的研讨会的论文，后来演变为会议论文，最后，在增讨会的论文，后来演变为会议论文，最后，在增加了详细的经验结果或正式的证明后成为在期刊加了详细的经验结果或正式的证明后成为在期刊上发表的文章。在好几个研讨会上发表同样或类上发表的文章。在好几个研讨会上发表同样或类似的论文是可以的，但是学术会议论文或期刊论似的论文是可以的，但是学术会议论文或期刊论文通常得是原创的，未发表过的作品。文通常得是原创的，未发表过的作品。S SUU C CL LT T E EText Translationn nParagraph 6Paragraph 6n n哪怕只是为了检查打字排版、语法错误和文笔，哪怕只是为了检查打字排版、语法错误和文笔，在提交论文以前先让其他人看一下也是很有必要在提交论文以前先让其他人看一下也是很有必要的。一个好的评论者也可以在论文的结构和内容的。一个好的评论者也可以在论文的结构和内容上给你反馈。如果是一篇研讨会上的论文，让你上给你反馈。如果是一篇研讨会上的论文，让你的导师看看或许就够了。如果是一篇需要推荐的的导师看看或许就够了。如果是一篇需要推荐的会议论文，再让一两个其他研究生读一读。对于会议论文，再让一两个其他研究生读一读。对于一篇打算发表于期刊上的文章，你应该找一个在一篇打算发表于期刊上的文章，你应该找一个在本领域里比较活跃的研究者，最好是其他研究机本领域里比较活跃的研究者，最好是其他研究机构的，来读一读并给出评价。这时你在该领域建构的，来读一读并给出评价。这时你在该领域建立起的人际网络就排上用场了。立起的人际网络就排上用场了。S SUU C CL LT T E EText Translationn nParagraph 7Paragraph 7n n如果你的论文被退回了，继续努力。吃透评论后重如果你的论文被退回了，继续努力。吃透评论后重新再写，并且在修改后的文章中体现出评论者的意新再写，并且在修改后的文章中体现出评论者的意见。比起研讨会和学术会议来说，从退回你论文的见。比起研讨会和学术会议来说，从退回你论文的期刊那里你会得到更多有用的评论，因为通常一篇期刊那里你会得到更多有用的评论，因为通常一篇期刊论文被驳回时会有修改要求；而一篇学术会议期刊论文被驳回时会有修改要求；而一篇学术会议论文只是简单的接受或者拒绝而已。先看一遍评论，论文只是简单的接受或者拒绝而已。先看一遍评论，然后把它放到一边。稍后再处理，仔细阅读你的论然后把它放到一边。稍后再处理，仔细阅读你的论文以确定评论是否切题，你可以怎样应对评论意见。文以确定评论是否切题，你可以怎样应对评论意见。你常常会发现评论者并没有说到点子上，因为他们你常常会发现评论者并没有说到点子上，因为他们错误地理解了你论文的某些部分。如果是