中国文化教程Unit.pptx

Unit 21 Customs and charms of Old BeijingnLead-innTextstudynExercisesContent Lead-inLead-inAdditionalAdditional Info InfoThecityofBeijingissituatedatthenorthernapexoftheroughlytriangularNorthChinaPlain.ThelargermunicipalityisalmostcompletelysurroundedbyHebeiprovince,exceptfortwoshortstretchesborderingTianjinmunicipalitytothesoutheast.TheYanMountainsliealongthemunicipalitysnortheasternside,andtheJunduMountainsoccupyitsentirewesternregion;togethertheseformaconcavearcthatcirclestheBeijinglowlandfromthenortheasttothesouthwesttoformwhatisknowntogeologistsasthe“BayofBeijing.”Lead-inAdditionalAdditional Info Info北京位于华北平原西北边缘。毗邻渤海湾，上靠辽东半岛，北京位于华北平原西北边缘。毗邻渤海湾，上靠辽东半岛，下临山东半岛。北京与天津相邻，并与天津一起被河北省环下临山东半岛。北京与天津相邻，并与天津一起被河北省环绕。西部是太行山山脉余脉的西山，北部是燕山山脉的军都绕。西部是太行山山脉余脉的西山，北部是燕山山脉的军都山，两山在南口关沟相交，形成一个向东南展开的半圆形大山，两山在南口关沟相交，形成一个向东南展开的半圆形大山弯，人们称之为山弯，人们称之为“北京弯北京弯”，它所围绕的小平原即为北京，它所围绕的小平原即为北京小平原。小平原。Lead-inAdditionalAdditional Info Info北京是中国北京是中国“四大古都四大古都”之一，拥有之一，拥有6项世界遗产，项世界遗产，是世界上拥有文化遗产项目数最多的城市，是一是世界上拥有文化遗产项目数最多的城市，是一座有三千余年建城历史、八百六十余年建都史的座有三千余年建城历史、八百六十余年建都史的历史文化名城，拥有众多历史名胜古迹和人文景历史文化名城，拥有众多历史名胜古迹和人文景观。观。注：注：“四大古都四大古都”即西安、南京、北京、洛阳。即西安、南京、北京、洛阳。北京六项世界文化遗产包括长城、故宫、天坛、北京六项世界文化遗产包括长城、故宫、天坛、颐和园、明十三陵、周口店北京猿人遗址。颐和园、明十三陵、周口店北京猿人遗址。pIntroductionpFoodinOldBeijingpAlleyandHawkersCrisepBustlingTianqiaoText studypTempleFairsinOldBeijngpLeisureLifeinOldBeijingIntroductionMentionOldBeijingandpeoplemayinstantlyenvisioncaravansofcamelsatthefootoftheFrontGate,thecrowdedandnoisyTianqiaoarea,alleysfilledwithhawkers(沿街叫卖的小贩)crieslifeinthecourtyards,anassortment(各种各样)ofsnackssuchasjelliedtofuandfermentedsoybeanmilk(豆汁儿),crosstalkcomedians,Beijingmusicalstorytellingaccompaniedbyasmalldrumorasingle-stringedinstrument-allimagespiecingtogetheranancientsongechoingfarintothemistsoftime.Food in Old BeijingQuanjudeRoastDuckRestaurantthemostfamousrestaurantinBeijingandfundedbyYangQuanren(杨全仁)in1866.Afull-duckbanquetconsistsofcoldandhotdishes,allpreparedwithduck.Food in Old BeijingDonglaishunAmuslinrestaurantrenownedforitshotpotmutton.ItsfunderisDingDeshan(丁德山).Besideshotpotmutton,therestaurantalsoservespieswithminced(切碎的)mutton,riceporridgeanddumplingsallpopularwithcustomersfromallwalksoflife.Food in Old BeijingShaguoju Setupin1741.Threespecialities:deep-drieddishesofpigliverordeertail,stewedpigshead,andslicesofmeatpreparedsimplywithwater.砂砂锅锅三三白白Three-whitehotpotFood in Old Beijing砂锅居砂锅居砂锅居开业于清乾隆六年。砂砂锅居开业于清乾隆六年。砂锅居的锅居的“烧烧”、“燎燎”、“白白煮肉煮肉”最有名。最有名。“烧烧”是指各是指各种油炸的小碟，如炸肥肠、炸种油炸的小碟，如炸肥肠、炸卷肝、炸鹿尾；卷肝、炸鹿尾；“燎燎”是用木是用木炭烧猪头、肘子外皮，燎成金炭烧猪头、肘子外皮，燎成金黄色，然后再煮；黄色，然后再煮；“白煮肉白煮肉”即白肉片，可以加酱油、麻油、即白肉片，可以加酱油、麻油、蒜泥、辣椒油蘸着吃，也可以蒜泥、辣椒油蘸着吃，也可以做成砂锅白肉。做成砂锅白肉。水水晶晶肘肘子子braisedporkknuckleshapedascrystal九九转转肥肥肠肠deep-firedpigslargeintestinesAdditionalAdditional Info InfoFood in Old BeijingBarbecueji(烤肉季)ItwasfoundedbyJiDecai(季德彩)in1848,severingbarbecuemutton,usingdate(海枣树),pineandcypress(柏树)woodasfuel.烤烤羊羊肉肉barbecuemuttonFood in Old BeijingBarbecue Wan（烤肉宛）（烤肉宛）北京人提到烤肉，必提及北京人提到烤肉，必提及“南宛北季南宛北季”。“南宛南宛”即是烤肉宛。北京经营烤即是烤肉宛。北京经营烤肉的餐馆数烤肉宛的字号肉的餐馆数烤肉宛的字号最老，创建于清康熙二十最老，创建于清康熙二十五年（公元五年（公元1686年），至年），至今已有今已有320多年历史。烤多年历史。烤肉宛的烤牛肉，溢油，荡肉宛的烤牛肉，溢油，荡香，鲜嫩有香，鲜嫩有“赛豆腐赛豆腐”的的美称。美称。烤烤牛牛肉肉barbecuevealAdditionalAdditional Info InfoFood in Old BeijingFangshanRestaurant(仿膳饭庄)OpenedbyZhaoRenzhai(赵任斋),aformerservantoftheQingcourt,andlocatedonthenorthernshoreofBeihai(北海北岸).ThedishesarepreparedaccordingtorecipesusedbytheQingcourt,withparticularattentionpaidtothecolor,aroma,taste,andform.Food in Old BeijingTanFamilyCuisine(谭家菜)An“officialcuisine”restaurantinBeijing.ItsfounderTanZongjun(谭宗浚)wasamemberoftheImperialAcademyoftheQingDynasty.ItfallsunderGuangdongcuisine,withseafoodsuchasabalone(鲍鱼)andseacucumber(海参)asthemainfeature.清清汤汤燕燕窝窝birdsnestinclearwater扒扒鲍鲍鱼鱼stewedabaloneAlley and Hawkers CriseTheglamorofOldBeijingcomesnotonlyfromthemagnificentcitygatetowers,butalaofromthosenarrrowalleys,orhutong,astheyarecalledintheBeijingdialect.Alley and Hawkers CriseScholar Zhang Boils the Sea张生煮海“you can come look for me in Zhuantar Hutong”剧中写潮州儒生张羽寓居石佛寺，清夜抚剧中写潮州儒生张羽寓居石佛寺，清夜抚琴，招来东海龙王三女琼莲，两人生爱慕琴，招来东海龙王三女琼莲，两人生爱慕之情，约定中秋之夜相会。至期，因龙王之情，约定中秋之夜相会。至期，因龙王阻挠，琼莲无法赴约。张羽便用仙姑所赠阻挠，琼莲无法赴约。张羽便用仙姑所赠宝物银锅煮海水，大海翻腾，龙王不得已宝物银锅煮海水，大海翻腾，龙王不得已将张羽召至龙宫，与琼莲婚配。作品反映将张羽召至龙宫，与琼莲婚配。作品反映了古代劳动人民征服大自然的幻想，表现了古代劳动人民征服大自然的幻想，表现了青年男女勇于反对封建势力、争取美满了青年男女勇于反对封建势力、争取美满爱情的斗争精神。这一近似神话故事的剧爱情的斗争精神。这一近似神话故事的剧作，为世代所传诵，改编成各种地方戏盛作，为世代所传诵，改编成各种地方戏盛演不绝。清初，李渔又据以改编为传奇演不绝。清初，李渔又据以改编为传奇蜃中楼蜃中楼。张生煮海插画AdditionalAdditional Info InfoAlley and Hawkers CriseAlleysorHutongAlleysinOldBeijinghadtheirownspecialflavor,andtheirnamesalonewereperhapspoeticenoughtogiveflighttopeoplesimagination,orpracticalenoughtoreflectthelifestyleofordinarypeople.北北京京居居民民的的门门墩墩GatepiertonamejustafewApricotFlowerDayAlley(杏花天胡同),FlowerTwigAlley(花枝胡同)andMoonlightAlley(月光胡同)；TeaLeafAlley(茶叶胡同),AlcoholAlley(烧酒胡同)andEggplantAlley(茄子胡同)Alley and Hawkers CriseAlleysorHutongMoreinterestingly,accordingtotherecollectionsofelders,differentalleyshaddifferentsmells.Forexample,MoneyandGrainAlley(钱粮胡同)smelledofcabbage,HatAlley(帽儿胡同)ofsugar-coatedhawsonsticks(冰糖葫芦),andSedan-chairAlley(轿子胡同)offermentedsoymilk(豆汁).Alley and Hawkers CriseAlleys in Old Beijing also echoed with the cries of vendors hawking their wares and the sounds of particular percussion instruments.metallic clicks(响铁),gongs(铜锣),wooden clappers(木头梆子),drum-shaped rattles(拨浪鼓)HawkersCries(货声)Alley and Hawkers CriseHawkersCries(货声)Particularattentionwaspaidtothetonesandstylesofalleycriestoattractcustomers.Thecrieshadtobevital,thevoicecrisp,thewordsclearlyarticulated,andthetonemelodiouswithfloralembellishment(修饰)andsmoothness,aswellasadraggingtune,especiallyonthelastword.ThecriesusingtheBeijingdialectwerehencerichwithalocalflavor.Besidesbeingmusical,thecriesofvendorspossessedliterarycharm,withrhymingandexaggeratedmodesemployedtoexpressjoyorhumor.Alley and Hawkers CriseHawkersCries（货声）For example,a watermelon vendor hawked:“Come For example,a watermelon vendor hawked:“Come have a bite,of this ice-cold,crisp fruit,a moon-shaped have a bite,of this ice-cold,crisp fruit,a moon-shaped slice,as big as a boat,pulp slice,as big as a boat,pulp(瓤瓤)as sweet as a Mid-as sweet as a Mid-autumn moon-cake,palm leaves fail to shoo away autumn moon-cake,palm leaves fail to shoo away(用嘘声用嘘声赶走赶走)bees taking it for a hive;sweeten your mouth for bees taking it for a hive;sweeten your mouth for just a penny!”Such cries brimmed with the joy and just a penny!”Such cries brimmed with the joy and humor of ordinary people.humor of ordinary people.Do you know what is its Chinese version?Do you know what is its Chinese version?Alley and Hawkers Crise “吃来呗弄一块尝，这冰人儿的西瓜脆沙瓤儿；三角的牙儿，船那么大的块儿，冰糖的瓤儿；八月中秋月饼的馅儿，芭蕉叶轰不走那蜜蜂在这儿错搭了窝；沙着你的口甜呐，俩大子儿一牙儿。”Bustling TianqiaoTheTianqiaoareainOldBeijingwasaplacefamousforspotlightingBeijingsfolkcustoms,withtheatersspecializingindifferenttypesoffolkperformances,amusementplaygrounds,tavems,teahouses,foodstands,andkiosks(小亭)sellingdailynecessities.Bustling Tianqiao天桥位于宣武区东部正阳门外。原有汉白玉石桥一座，三梁四栏。桥下为由西向东的小河龙须沟。因明清两代皇帝祭天坛时必经之路而命名天桥。其范围包括正阳门大街，经东西珠市口而南，迄天坛坛门之西北，永定门之北地区。后来逐渐形成另有“京味”特色的天桥市场。“酒旗戏鼓天桥市，多少游人不忆家”天桥曲（清末民初的著名诗人易顺鼎）AdditionalAdditional Info InfoBustling TianqiaoAmongtheentertainersofTianqiao,themajoritywereengagedinacrobatics(杂技)andquyi(曲艺)(Chinesefolkvocalartformsrichinlocalflavor,includingballadeering(喝民谣),storytelling,comictalk,clappertalk,crosstalk,etc.),alongsidethoseinlocaloperas,circusesandmartialarts.“eighteccentrics(八大怪)”“EverybodyHappy”“FiveKidsMakingTroubleatSchool”(五子闹学)Bustling TianqiaoAmongthemwerethreegroupsofentertainerswithuniqueappearance,speechandbehavior,andmostofall,superbperformingskills.Theywerecalledthe“eighteccentrics(八大怪)”,engagingincomictalk,vocalmimicry(模仿)，balladeering,andqigong.“eighteccentrics”(八大怪)注：注：原名朱绍文，清同治、光绪年间在天桥卖艺，原名朱绍文，清同治、光绪年间在天桥卖艺，死于光绪二十五年。穷不怕以说单口相声为死于光绪二十五年。穷不怕以说单口相声为主，也会唱。上地时带一副竹板，板上分别主，也会唱。上地时带一副竹板，板上分别刻着一副对联，上联刻着一副对联，上联“满腹文章穷不怕满腹文章穷不怕”，下联下联“五车书史落地贫五车书史落地贫”。这是他的自我写。这是他的自我写照，穷不怕的艺名即由此而得。每天上地开照，穷不怕的艺名即由此而得。每天上地开说之前，他用白沙子在地上撒字。他常撒的说之前，他用白沙子在地上撒字。他常撒的一副对联是一副对联是“画上荷花和尚画，书临汉字翰画上荷花和尚画，书临汉字翰林书林书”。他不但撒的字潇洒漂亮，说的段子。他不但撒的字潇洒漂亮，说的段子也都是自己编撰的。也都是自己编撰的。天桥八大怪之一天桥八大怪之一“穷不怕穷不怕”Bustling TianqiaoJester King(傻王傻王)他生得粗壮高大，质朴憨厚，他生得粗壮高大，质朴憨厚，脸上总是带着一副憨笑，一副脸上总是带着一副憨笑，一副傻呵呵的样子，因此人们称他傻呵呵的样子，因此人们称他为为“傻王傻王”。他是练硬气功的，主要表演压石、开石、。他是练硬气功的，主要表演压石、开石、断石。他有三个拿手的节目：一是躺在地上，让好几断石。他有三个拿手的节目：一是躺在地上，让好几个人抬着百十斤重的大石磨七、八块，压在他的胸上。个人抬着百十斤重的大石磨七、八块，压在他的胸上。傻王绷足了劲，纹丝不傻王绷足了劲，纹丝不动。二是用指断石。他拿来动。二是用指断石。他拿来大石头，让观众画记号，画哪儿用手指断哪儿。三是大石头，让观众画记号，画哪儿用手指断哪儿。三是以胸碎石。他脱去上衣，赤膊袒腹，手捧石头，猛砸以胸碎石。他脱去上衣，赤膊袒腹，手捧石头，猛砸胸部，石碎而胸无恙。他还能将三百多斤的大磨盘拴胸部，石碎而胸无恙。他还能将三百多斤的大磨盘拴上绳子套在脖子上放到背后，直着身子绕场走动。他上绳子套在脖子上放到背后，直着身子绕场走动。他的表演常博得围观者的叫好。的表演常博得围观者的叫好。AdditionalAdditional Info InfoBustling Tianqiao“FiveKidsMakingTroubleatSchool”Atthebeginningoftheperformance,theaudiencecouldhearthesnoring(鼾声)ofpeoplesoundasleep,followedbyacockcrowingatdawn,awomanwakingupherhusband,breastfeedinganinfant,theeldersongettinguptopee,thehusbandyawning,goingtothemilltopullthedonkeyout,dooropeningandclosing,thudding(砰的一声)ofthedonkeyshoovesontheBustling Tianqiaoground,bellsclanking,thewomanurginghersontogotoschool,theeldersonaskingformoneytobuysteamedbunsforbreakfastandsingingonhiswaytoschool,readingsbychildrenatschool,whispers,laughter,wailsandbickering(争吵声)aftertheteacherleavestheclassroom,scoldingallsoundscleverlyreproducedandremarkablytruetolife.How many kinds of voice is performed in How many kinds of voice is performed in this show?this show?Bustling Tianqiao“五子闹学五子闹学”“五子闹学五子闹学”是按时间和空间的顺序模仿多种更为复杂声音的是按时间和空间的顺序模仿多种更为复杂声音的优秀节目。场地内并无屏障隔断观众视线，只靠一把折扇遮掩优秀节目。场地内并无屏障隔断观众视线，只靠一把折扇遮掩即可演出。即可演出。表演一开始，先学众人睡觉时的鼾声，然后是晨鸡报晓声，女表演一开始，先学众人睡觉时的鼾声，然后是晨鸡报晓声，女人喊醒丈夫，小孩吃奶，大孩子下地小便，男人打哈欠声，下人喊醒丈夫，小孩吃奶，大孩子下地小便，男人打哈欠声，下床到磨房拉驴出门，门扉的开合声，驴蹄声，铃铛声，妇人催床到磨房拉驴出门，门扉的开合声，驴蹄声，铃铛声，妇人催孩子上学声，要饽饽钱时的对话声，大儿子上学路上唱歌走路孩子上学声，要饽饽钱时的对话声，大儿子上学路上唱歌走路声，学堂里学生们念书声，先生走后学生的议论声，笑声，哭声，学堂里学生们念书声，先生走后学生的议论声，笑声，哭声，口角声，责打声声，口角声，责打声种种声音，无不模仿得惟妙惟肖。种种声音，无不模仿得惟妙惟肖。AdditionalAdditional Info InfoTemple Fairs in Old Beijing TemplefairsinOldBeijingwereregularlyheldaroundlargeandwell-knowntemples,whichhadtheirparticularflavorsandstyles.VisitingtemplefairswasamajorpastimeinthelivesofBeijingresidents.Ditan(地地坛坛)TempleFairTemple Fairs in Old Beijing T Th he e L Lo on ng gf fu u T Te emmp pl le e F Fa ai ir r“TheLongfuTempleFairstartsrightoutsidethestreetsthatleadtothegateofthetemple.Alongthemgatherallsortsofstandsandstores,sellingsecond-handgoods,rarebirds,dogsandcatsofrarebreeds,books(age-oldbooksnotcommonlyseenoutsidethefair),andtea.Insidethetemple,therearethreestreets”WengOuhong(翁偶虹)Temple Fairs in Old Beijing Templefairswereentertainmentvenuesforordinarypeople,therefore,everythinginthemwascloselyrelatedtodailylife.Yettemplefairsalsostoodoutbeyondeverydaylife,thusgivingbothphysicalandspiritualpleasuretovisitors,betheymaleorfemale,youngorold.Leisure Life in Old BeijingTheleisurelivesofpeopleinOldBeijingwererefined,balancedandcarefree,brimmingwiththecharmoftheancientcapital.“Beijingersliketohavefun,andaregoodatlookingforfun.”ChenJiangong(陈建功)Leisure Life in Old BeijingToraiseabirdisfun,toflyakiteisfun,tosipwinewithapieceofgarlicisfun,andtosinganariaofPekingOperaorlistentoitisalsogreatfun.themostcommonwayofenjoyingaleisurelylifeforordinaryBeijingersistodrinkteaandwine.京京剧剧PekingOperaTemple Fairs in Old Beijing Peoplewouldstoptorestatateahouseontheirwaytoexercisetheirpetbirds.Theywouldeitherhangthecagesonapoleorputthemonthetable,sippingteawhileenjoyingthecreatures.A teahouse was a public place for socializing,as well as a compact society where comedies and tragedies of everyday life transpired(发生)老舍茶馆老舍茶馆LaoSheTeahouseTemple Fairs in Old Beijing AlargenumberofrestaurantswerescatteredthroughoutthecityofOldBeijing,butmostofthelargeoneswerelocatedinbusinessareas,whilesmalltavernsweresetupattheentrancetoalleys.Temple Fairs in Old Beijing Thesetavernsusuallyhadsimpledishestogowithwine,suchasboiledpeanuts,driedtofu,preservedeggs,smokedfish,andfriedshrimps.Insidethetaverns,therewereusuallyseveralbigvats(缸),theirmouthscoveredwithbiglidspaintedred,whichservedastables,hencethesetavernswerenicknamedBigWineVats.Temple Fairs in Old Beijing Besidesdrinkingteaandwine,Beijingershadotherwaystoenjoylife,suchasraisinggoldfishandpigeons,flyingkites,raisingcrickets(蟋蟀)andgrasshoppers,collectingporcelainware,facialmasks,pottedplants,clayanddoughfigurinesTheycouldfindpleasureinalltypesoftrivialthings,tomaketheirlivesmoreinterestingandjoyful.Temple Fairs in Old Beijing Beijingerslikedtoraisegoldfish,ahobbydevelopedasearlyastheJin(1115-1234)andYuandynasties.Theyenjoyedsettingupgoldfishtanks,which,togetherwithpomegranatetrees,becameanindispensabledecorationforatraditionalcourtyardknownassiheyuan.Temple Fairs in Old Beijing WangShixiang(b.1914),afolklorist,remarkedthatthesoundofpigeonwhistleshadbecomeasymbolofBeijing.He said,“In Beijing,be it in warm spring or high summer,He said,“In Beijing,be it in warm spring or high summer,clear autumn or icy cold winter,whistling sounds can be clear autumn or icy cold winter,whistling sounds can be heard in the sky.Thick at one moment,thin at another,heard in the sky.Thick at one moment,thin at another,remote or near,high or low,quick or slow,at all times they remote or near,high or low,quick or slow,at all times they hover and echo,like refreshing music from heaven.”He hover and echo,like refreshing music from heaven.”He added,“This appealing sound wakes people up from their added,“This appealing sound wakes people up from their dreams,draws their eyes up into the distant firmamentdreams,draws their eyes up into the distant firmament (苍穹苍穹),and brings joy to children and adults alike,for who knows,and brings joy to children and adults alike,for who knows how many times.”how many times.”Leisure Life in Old Beijing飞飞在在北北京京老老屋屋上上的的鸽鸽子子WhitepigeonsovertheroofofanoldhouseinBeijingTemple Fairs in Old Beijing Followingthechangesofthetimes,thelifestyleofBeijingpeoplehasalsochanged.Attheendofthe20thcenturyandthebeginningofthe2lstcentury,thereappearedBarStreetinSanlitun,GuijieStreetinDongzhimen,andanotherBarStreetAroundShichahaiLake,forpeopletoenjoythemselvesintheirsparetime.Leisure Life in Old Beijing三三里里屯屯酒酒吧吧夜夜景景ViewofBarStreetinSanlitunatnightLeisure Life in Old Beijing什什刹刹海海风风景景V Vi ie ew w o of f S Sh hi ic ch ha ah ha ai iExercisespComprehensionpCommunicationpApplicationComprehensionRestaurants Founders Founding TimeSpecialtiesQuanjude Roast Duck Restaurant Donglaishun Shaguoju Barbecue Ji Fangshan Restaurant Tan Family CuisineI.Skimming and Scanning 1.Go through the passage 1-9 quickly and fill in the following table.ComprehensionRestaurants Founders Founding TimeSpecialtiesQuanjude Roast Duck Restaurant Yang Quanrenin 1866 the roast duck;full-duck banquetDonglaishun Ding Deshan hotpot mutton;pies with minced mutton,rice porridge and dumplingsShaguoju in 1741 deep-fried dishes of pig liver or deer tail,stewed pigs head,and slices of meat prepared simply with waterComprehensionRestaurants Founders Founding TimeSpecialtiesBarbecue Ji Ji Decai in 1848 barbecue mutton Fangshan Restaurant Zhao Renzhaiin 1925 nearly 100 famous dishes:stewed abalone,stewed venison,sti