商务英语翻译2商务英语翻译.pptx

练习（第四、五章增词法与减词法）练习（第四、五章增词法与减词法）1.I knew it quite well as I know it now.2.As he sat down and began talking,words poured out.3.This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.4.The Americans and the Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of messages.5.There were rows of houses which he had never seen before.6.Thelionisthekingofanimals.7.In catching up with and surpassing the worlds advanced levels,time is the key factor.Time means life,time means speed,time means strength.8.We must actively introduce new techniques,equipment,technologies and material.六、练习（第四、五章增词法与减词法）六、练习（第四、五章增词法与减词法）1.I knew it quite well as I know it now.我当时当时就知道的同现在一样清楚。(语法增加）2.As he sat down and began talking,words poured out.他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地滔滔不绝地讲个没完。（增加副词）3.This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.这部打字机真是价价廉物物美。（形容词前增加名词）4.The Americans and the Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of messages.美日双方双方在完全保密的情况下相互交换了信件。（解释性增加）5.There were rows of houses which he had never seen before.一排排的房屋，都是他从来没有见过的。6.Thelionisthekingofanimals.狮子是百兽之王.7.In catching up with and surpassing the worlds advanced levels,time is the key factor.Time means life,time means speed,time means strength.赶超世界先进水平，关键是时间。时间就是生命，时间就是速度，时间就是力量。8.We must actively introduce new techniques,equipment,technologies and material.我们必须积极采用新技术，新设备、新工艺、新材料。第六章第六章 英语翻译中的英语翻译中的 词类转换法词类转换法英汉两种语言的使用范围和表达方式不尽相同，英汉两种语言的使用范围和表达方式不尽相同，翻译时有些句子可以逐词（翻译时有些句子可以逐词（word-for-word）对）对译，如：译，如：She is a beautiful girl.“她是个漂亮姑她是个漂亮姑娘。娘。此译文中的词性基本上与英语相当。此译文中的词性基本上与英语相当。但但在在大大多多数数情情况况下下，翻翻译译句句子子时时不不能能逐逐渐渐词词对对译译，如如：He is a liar.就就不不能能直直译译为为“他他是是个个说说谎谎的的人人，”因因为为汉汉语语习习惯惯不不这这样样说说，可可译译为为“他他爱爱说说谎谎。”这这样样，汉汉语语各各词词的的词词性性与与英英语语就就不不对对应了。应了。又如：又如：He took his students to the factory for a visit.“他他带带学学生生到到工工厂厂去去参参观观。”原原文文中中只只有有一一个个动动词词took，译译成成汉汉语语后后却却出出现现了了4个个动动词词。可可见见在在翻翻译译中中，有有时时要要把把原原文文的的一一种种词词转转换换成成译译入入语语的的另另一一种种词词类类。随随着词类的变化，句子的结构也产生了变化。着词类的变化，句子的结构也产生了变化。一、转译成汉语动词一、转译成汉语动词在英译汉时，英语中的许多意思都可以用汉语的动词来表达。例如：1）We mustnt lose sight of the fact that air pollution is going from bad to worse in our city.我们不能忽略这一事实，空气污染在我们城市中日益严重。(名词转译成汉语动词)（具备动词概念的名词）2）The airline has been in operation for many years.（名词转译成汉语动词）这家航空公司已经营多年。3）Do you see the boy in blue?(介词转译成汉语动词)你看见那位穿蓝衣服的男孩子吗？4）We were all in favor of his suggestion.（介词转译成汉语动词）我们全体赞成赞成他的建议。5）Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.（形容词转译成汉语动词）医生们说他们不敢肯定肯定能否救得了他的命。6）He was not aware of her presence till she spoke to him.（形容词转译成汉语动词）直到她开口说话他才意识意识到她在面前。英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词，在系动词后做表语，往往可转译成汉语动词。常见的形容词有“confident,certain,careful,cautious,angry,sure,glad,ignorant,afraid,doubtful,aware,concerned,sorry,delighted,ashamed,thankful,anxious,grateful,able”7)She opened the window to let fresh air in.(副词转译成汉语动词)她把窗户打开，让新鲜空气进来进来。二、译成汉语名词 1动词译成汉语名词1）Formality has always characterized theirrelationship.他们之间的关系，有一个特点特点，就是以礼相待。2）Thisstorefeaturesround-the-clockservice.这家商店的特点特点是昼夜服务。3）Yourworkis characterizedbylackofattentiontodetail.你工作的毛病是不注意细节（或：粗心大意）。如果英语动词译成汉语动词时跟前后的修饰语不好搭配；或搭配起来不符合汉语习惯，可以把动词译成名词，再在名词前加上与之搭配的动词。4）The youths always dream fondly of their future.年轻人对前途总是怀有怀有美好的梦想梦想。5)Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction.有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给给予予了很高的评评价价。2.形容词译成汉语名词1）They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号病号和伤员伤员。2）Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protested the poor.罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔阔人人热爱并保护穷人穷人。3）Steven was eloquent and elegant-but soft.史蒂文森有口才口才，有风度风度。三、其他转译法1)You are a greater blockhead than I had supposed you to be.你比我所想象得要傻傻的多。（名词 形容词）2)His address impressed me deeply.他的话给我留下很很深深的的印象。（副 形容词）3)He is the right man Im looking for.他正正是我要找的人。（形 副词）四、练习1They went on strike in demand of a 40 per cent wage increase.2Difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approachment and cooperation.3The road to development is long but we are firmly on it.4Dont be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are.5That book will be out pretty soon.6It is our goal that the people in the underdeveloped area will be finally off poverty.7The book did not impress me at all.8.Harry aims to become a computer expert.9.Obedience is obligatory on a soldier.10.Our government shows great concern for the Chinese resident abroad.11From the front,back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy.四、练习1They went on strike in demand of a 40 per cent wage increase.他们举行罢工罢工，要求要求工资增加增加40%。（名词动词）2Difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approachment and cooperation.国与国社会制度的不同不应妨碍妨碍彼此的接近与合作。（名词动词）3The road to development is long but we are firmly on it.发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走上走上 了这条路。（介词动词）4Dont be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are.不要惧怕惧怕那些想法比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。（形容词动词）5That book will be out pretty soon.那本书不久就要出版出版了。（副词动词6It is our goal that the people in the under-developed area will be finally off poverty.我们的目标是让不发达地区的人民最终摆脱摆脱贫困。（介词动词）7The book did not impress me at all.那本书没给我留下什么印象印象(（动词名词）)8.Harry aims to become a computer expert.哈里的目标目标是成为计算机专家。（动词名词）9.Obedience is obligatory on a soldier.服从命令是军人的天职天职。（形容词名词）10.Our government shows great concern for the Chinese resident abroad.我国政府十分关怀海外海外华侨。（副词形容词）11From the front,back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy.我们在前后左右严密地严密地监视敌人。（形容词副词）第七章第七章 英汉翻译中的英汉翻译中的 词义的引申词义的引申英译汉时，有时会遇到某些词在英语词典上找不到适当的词义，如任意硬套或逐词死译，会使译文生硬晦涩，不能确切表达原意，甚至造成误解。这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的根本含义出发，进一步加以引申，选择比较恰当的汉语词来表达。所谓的引申，就是根据上下文的内在联系，通过句中词或词组乃至整句的字面意义由表及里，运用一些符合汉语习惯的表现法，选用确切的汉语词句，将原文内容的实质准确地表达出来。1.逻辑引申(参看书中解释)逻辑引申是指在翻译过程中,利用直译方法时,译文不通顺以及不符合目的语的表达习惯，因而就要根据上下文的逻辑关系，对该词、短语或整个句子从其基本意义出发，由表及里，运用符合目的语习惯的表现法，选用确切的词句，将原文内容的实质准确地表达出来。例如：1）Ive been slaving all these years just to make money for them.(抽象词具体化)我半世的辛苦，全是替他们做马牛做马牛。2）Others are conceited;having picked up some book-phrases,they think themselves terrific and are very cocky,but whenever a storm blows up,they take a stand very different from that of the workers and thegreat majority of the working peasants.还有些人很骄傲，读了几句书，自以为了不起，尾尾巴巴翘翘到到天天上上去去了了，可是一遇到风浪，他们的立场，比起工人和大多数劳动农民来，就显得大不相同。（毛泽东选集五卷407页）cocky(骄傲自大)（具体词抽象化）3）After that long talk,Jim became the sun in her heart.那次长谈之后，吉姆成了她心中的太太阳阳。（暗喻）4)Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活都有甜甜有苦苦。（这里把roses玫瑰玫瑰 and thorns刺刺两个具体形象引申为两个形象所代表的属性：甜甜和苦苦）5）Fattys Restaurant had become an institution in his life in the last seven years.去发体餐厅就餐，七年来已成了他生活中惯常的事情惯常的事情5）Fattys Restaurant had become an institution in his life in the last seven years.去发体餐厅就餐，七年来已成了他生活中惯常的事情惯常的事情。2.语用引申语用引申 把原文的 玄外之音（implication）补译出来，这是属于语用学引伸的手法。补译的词语是根据原文的语用学意义增添上去的，为的是避免译文晦涩费解。1）（参看书中例句 1）The new father wore a proud smile.2）（参看书中例句 4）3)With their heavy winter clothing changed for lighter spring wear they could leap or crouch down much more freely and nimbly.脱掉棉衣换上春装的人们，好像卸卸下下了了千千斤斤重重载载，真是蹿跳觉得轻松，爬起卧到感到利落。（冯志敌后武工队）原文 笨重、轻便两词，含蓄地表达了“卸卸下下了了千斤重载千斤重载”的含义，(此句是补译)3.修词引伸修词引伸1）（参看书中例句 1、2）4概念范围的调整概念范围的调整（参看书中例句 1、2）5词义引伸的层次词义引伸的层次简化为三层简化为三层（参看书中解释）（参看书中例句 1、3）6.词义的褒贬词义的褒贬英译汉时,原文中有些词本身就表示褒贬意义,就应该把褒贬意义表相应地表达出来，但有些词语孤立起来看似乎是中性的,译成汉语时就要根据上下文恰如其分地把它们的褒义或贬义表达出来。1）He was a man of high renown(fame).他是位有名望名望的人。（褒褒）2）The task carried out by them are praiseworthy.他们进行的事业是值得赞扬值得赞扬的。（褒褒）3）His notoriety as rake did not come until his death.他作为流氓的恶恶名名是他死后才传开来的。(贬贬)4）We were shocked by his course manners.我们对他的粗暴粗暴态度感到震惊。(贬贬)5)Once early in 1974,while driving along the San Diego Free-way from Clement to Los Angeles,he was asked to reflect on his hopes and ambitions.一九七四年初，有人同他一起驱车从克利门蒂沿圣地亚哥公路去洛山矶，途中请他谈了他的希望和抱负。（抱负。（中性词褒义）褒义）6)AS a demanding boss,he expected total loyalty and dedication from his employees.他是个苛苛刻刻的老板，要求手下的人对他忠心耿耿，鞠躬尽瘁。（中性词贬义贬义）7.练习EX.1)There is mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of the imperialists.2)The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.3)In fact,the Bavarian environment was so charged with Nazi sentiment throughout the 1920s that Hitlers storm troops goosestepped into power in Furth in 1930.4)As the Politburo gave the go-ahead to Brezhnev,Nixon and Kissinger were meeting in the Presidents Kremlin apartment,prepared to accept a setback on SALT.5）Henry keeps boasting that he has talked to the President.6)The two politicians talked for no more than five minutes,at a significant moment in their careers.1)There is mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of the imperialists.（具体词抽象化）帝国主义者的性格既残暴,又狡猾。(这里把tiger老虎和ape猿 这两个具体形象引伸为这两个形象所代表的属性:“残暴”和“狡猾”)。2)ThecarinfrontofmestalledandImissedthe green.我前头的车辆停住了，我错过了绿灯绿灯。(抽象词具体化3)In fact,the Bavarian environment was so charged with Nazi sentiment throughout the 1920s that Hitlers storm troops goosestepped into power in Furth in 1930（具体词抽象化）事实上，在整个二十年代，纳粹党在巴伐利亚一带已博得公众好感，以至于在一九三零，希特勒的冲锋队员就耀武扬威地夺取了耀武扬威地夺取了菲尔特镇的权力。（to goosestep 是从名词goosestep“鹅步”；“正步”转化来的动词，本作“鹅步走”或“正步走”解，这里“goosestepped into”根据例句上下文引伸为“耀武扬威耀武扬威地夺取”)。4)As the Politburo gave the go-ahead to Brezhnev,Nixon and Kissinger were meeting in the Presidents Kremlin apartment,prepared to accept a setback on SALT.（抽象词具体化）在政治局向勃列日涅夫开放绿灯绿灯时，尼克松和基辛格正在克里姆林宫的总统下榻处开会，准备承受限制战略武器会谈失败的挫折5）Henry keeps boasting that he has talked to the President.亨利总是吹吹嘘嘘说说他曾同总统谈过话。（贬）6）The two politicians talked for no more than five minutes,at a significant moment in their careers.两位政治家交谈了仅仅五分钟。这次谈话是他们一一生生事事业业的重大时刻进行的。(褒义褒义)第八章第八章 英汉翻译中英汉翻译中“虚虚”与与“实实”的转化的转化英语翻译中的“虚”与“实”的转换主要涉及对英语名词、副词和形容词的汉译。本章将讨论三种情况。一、抽抽象象名名词词“虚虚”与与“实实”的的转转化化（又又称在称在 抽象名词后增加名词）抽象名词后增加名词）（参见书中例 1）例如：1.A firms involvement in exporting products can range from a minimal commitment all the way to considering exports as necessary for the firms survival and growth.公司在产品出口中参与情况参与情况的程度不一，从最低程度的参与一直到将出口视为公司生存和发展必要条件的参与都会存在。（参看书中例 1分析）英语中有很多抽象名词源自动词或形容词。翻译时可根据上下文在其后面增添适当的名词，使译文更合乎规范。如：to persuade说服 persuasion说服工作 to prepare准备 preparation准备工作arrogant自满 arrogance自满情绪 antagonistic敌对 antagonism敌对态度tense 紧张 tension紧张情况（关系、局势、心情、情绪）mad 疯狂 madness疯狂行为2.We have a great many to do at present.我们当前有许多事情许多事情要做。二、副副词词的的“虚虚”与与“实实”的的转转化化（副副词词转转译译成成形容形容 词词后后加加名名词词“例例 1”，有有些些副副词词直直接接转转译译成成名名 词词“例例 2”）1.They have not done so well ideologically,however,as organizally.但是，他们的思想工作思想工作没有他们的组织工作组织工作 做得好2.He is physically weak but mentally sound.他身体身体虽弱，但思想思想健康。三三、容容词词的的“虚虚”与与“实实”的的转转化化（形形容容词词转转译译成动词）成动词）1.Integrity means you do what you want to do because its right and not just fashionable or politically correct.诚实意味着去做你认为对的事，而不仅仅是为了赶时髦赶时髦或在政治上不出错不出错。2.Dont be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are.不要惧惧怕怕那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。练习:预习第十一章和第九章第十一章第十一章 英语被动语态英语被动语态 的翻译的翻译我们来学习第十一章英语被动语态的翻译。被动语态是英语中动词的一种变化形式，表示句子的谓语和其主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。被动句的主语实际上是谓语动作的成受者。一般来说，英语被动句的翻译可以有以下四种方法。一、被动句译成汉语的主动句（文中第2句）1.DuringtheWorldCupthestreetswerefilledwithfootballfans.世界杯比赛期间，街上挤满了球迷（此句按顺序译成汉语主动句）2.Large quantities of fuel are used by modern industry.现代工业现代工业耗用大量的燃料。（动作发出者译成主语）3.The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.中国中国在四千年前发明了指南针。（把原文的某一部分译成主语）状主4.If you are asked personal questions you need not answer them.如果有人有人向你提出私事的问题，你尽可不答。（增加逻辑主语）（文中第6,7句）二、动句译成汉语的判断句（文中第9句）汉语中常用“是的”这一句式来说明人和事物的客观情况。1.Everything in the world is built up from atoms.世间万物都是由原子构成的。2.The science fiction has been translated into Chinese by a friend of mine.那部科幻小说是我的一个朋友译成中文的。三、被动句译成汉语的被动句（文中第1句）此时，原文句子的主语一般仍译做主语，在谓语动词前加“被、受、由、让等字来表示被动意义。”1.Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.立功的人将受到奖励。2.The design will be examined by a special committee.这项设计将由一个专门委员会予以审查。3.Two-thirds of the area are covered with immense forests of pine,spruce and birch.面积的三分之二由广阔的松林、云衫和白桦林所覆盖。将被动句译成汉语的无主句（文中第8句以及第九章）汉语句子有的可以不带主语,因此,当无需说出行为主体时,可以将英语的被动句译成汉语的无主语句.一班来说,英语中不带by短语并含情态动词的被动句都可以采用这种译法。翻译时，将原句的主语译成宾语，放在动词后面，也可以加“把、将、对”等词将宾语放在动词之前。1)All the data available should be collected and studied with care before one works at a theory.在制定理论前，应该把有的所有数据资料都认真地搜索和研究。2)Smoking is not allowed in this theatre.本剧场内禁止吸烟。3)More apartment houses will be built here.这儿将修建更多的居民大楼四、练习1.This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller,Whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.买卖双方同意按下列条款购买、出售下述商品，并签订本合同。(动作发出者主语)2.The cost of the non-returnable containers of the goods sold under this Contract is included in the prices herein specified.所定价格包括依照本合同所售装货用的一次性容器费。（把原文的某一部分译成主语）状主）3.If a foreign auditor registered in other country is necessary to be employed to undertake annual financial checking and examination,Party A shall give its consent.All the expenses thereof shall be borne by Party B.如果需要聘请其他国家的审计师对年度的财务进行审查，甲方应予以同意。其所需费用乙方负担。（主语宾语）4.Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。(被动句被动句)第九章第九章 英语句子中主语的翻译英语句子中主语的翻译 英语句子中主语的翻译除了上述的，将被动英语句子中主语的翻译除了上述的，将被动句译成汉语的无主句，原句的主语变成了宾语，句译成汉语的无主句，原句的主语变成了宾语，放在动词后面外。还有几种翻译方法：放在动词后面外。还有几种翻译方法：一、词序调整（文中第、一、词序调整（文中第、9、10、11、13、14、16句）句）1.From the moment they set foot on the territory of their motherland,they were warmly received by their compatriots.他们从走上祖国土地的上时刻起，就受到同他们从走上祖国土地的上时刻起，就受到同 胞们热情接待。（定语从句换序）胞们热情接待。（定语从句换序）3.Their power increased with their number.他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。（介词短语换序）二、将原文中的主语译成汉语的状语(文中第12-18句)1His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。三、增加词（文中第7句）1.Worry about the possibility of less severe,but still debilitating,recessions persisted.然而，人们仍然担心会出现虽不那么严重但仍能使经济虚弱的衰退。四、分译（文中第12、15、17、18句）1.One consequence of speculation about the possibility of computer thought was that we were forced to examine with new care the idea of thought in general.观察结果表明，计算机可能有思想，这使我们不得不从新的角度全面审视思想这一概念。（分译主语中的名词词组）。五、句型“时间名词/地点名词+saw/found/witnessed+名词”表示在某个时间或地点里发生或者见证了某种事情。将这种句子翻译成汉语时，往往只能将时间或者地点翻译成汉语中的状语。（1）This season saw an ominous dawning of the tenth of November.在这个季节，11月10日黎明时分的景象，是个不祥之兆。（2）Sunday morning found him still unwell.星期天早晨他的身体仍未见好转。（3）The 18th century witnessed the first English dictionary,by Dr.Samuel Johnson.第一部真正的英文词典在18世纪问世，是由约翰逊编纂的。第十章第十章 英语从句的翻译英语从句的翻译 Translation of clauses 一、定语从句的翻译英语中定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。两者之间的区别在于限制意义是强还是弱，前者的限制意义很强，后者的限制意义很弱。定语从句在商务英语中应用较广泛。一般有三种翻译方法：合并法、分译法和混合法。1合并法(1)Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。(2)If the Buyer is unable to sell out the amount of goods which he has agreed to purchase from the Seller,the Buyer may reduce the quantity of goods to be delivered to him by giving written notice thereof to the Seller before the shipment is made.如果买方不能销售他他已已同同意意从从卖卖方方所所购购数数量量的的货物，买方可以书面通知卖方减少发货数量，再要求卖方发货。(3)Party B guarantees that the technical documents to be supplied by Party B are the latest technical information which has been put into practical used by Party B.乙方保证所提供的技术资料是乙方经过实际乙方经过实际 使用的使用的最新技术资料。(4)Shipment shall be commenced within 10 months counting from the date when the contract has come into force and completed within 16months.自合同生效之日同生效之日起计算，10个月内装运，16个月内交付完毕。(5)The party,who sets up a breach of the Contract,shall be unde