系统生物学简介.pptx

1.A Brief History of Systems Biology2.Basic Concepts in Systems Biology3.Basic scientific questions or properties in Systems Biology4.Basic measurement technologies and experimental methods in systems biology research5.System Structures Identification6.System Behavior or Function Analysis7.Test system for systems biology8.Hostpathogen systems biology9.Future directions or open issues in systems biologyA Brief History of Systems BiologyTwo important concepts of biology by the end of the 19th century1.Reductionist complex situations can be analyzed by reducing them to manageable pieces,examining each in turn,and reassembling the whole from the behavior of the pieces2.Mechanist All biological behavior was predetermined,forced,and identical between all individuals of a particular species;organisms were thus merely complex machines.RENE DESCARTES(1595-1650)I am thinking therefore I exist.Rene Descartes was a famous French mathematician,scientist and philosopher.He was arguably the first major philosopher in the modern era to make a serious effort to defeat skepticism.His views about knowledge and certainty,as well as his views about the relationship between mind and body have been very influential over the last three centuries.Jacques Loeb 18591924American physiologist,b.Germany,M.D.Univ.of Strasbourg,1884.He came to the United States in 1891 and taught at Bryn Mawr,the Univ.of Chicago,and the Univ.of California.From 1910 he was a member of the Rockefeller Institute(now Rockefeller Univ.).Best known for his tropism theory and for his experiments in inducing parthenogenesis and regeneration by chemical stimulus,he also propounded the mechanistic philosophy that all ethics were the outgrowth of humanitys inherited tropisms.He was a founder and editor of the Journal of General Physiology.His works include The Mechanistic Conception of Life(1912),Artificial Parthenogenesis and Fertilization(1913),and The Organism as a Whole(1916).A Brief History of Systems Biologyfrom Jan Smuts holism to Ludwig von Bertalanffys General Systems Theory1.Holism(from the Greek Holos,whole)is the theory,which makes the existence of wholes a fundamental feature of the world wholes are more than the sum of their parts the mechanical putting together of their parts will not produce them or account for their characters and behaviourSMUTS,JAN CHRISTIAAN 18701950 South African statesmanSmuts in retirement wrote Holism and Evolution(1926,3d ed.1936),in which he developed the view that evolution is a sequence of ever more comprehensive integrations wholes are the real units of nature and as a unity wholes are self-organizing systems and synergistic,thus cooperating units.For him every organism,every plant or animal,and every person is a whole that has a certain internal organization and measure of self direction as well as an individual specific character of its ownA Brief History of Systems Biologyfrom Jan Smuts holism to Ludwig von Bertalanffys General Systems Theory2.General Systems Theory concepts of organization,non-summative wholeness,control,self-regulation,equifinality,and self-organization,are as valid in the social and behavioral sciences as they are in the biological.This led Von Bertalanffy to postulate a new discipline,its subject matter being the formulation and derivation of those principles which are valid for systems in general.Ludwig von Bertalanffy(1901-1972)in the 1930s Bertalanffy formulated the organismic system theory that later became the kernel of the GSTHis starting point was to deduce the phenomena of life from a spontaneous grouping of system forces-comparable,for instance,to the system developmental biology nowadays.He based his approach on the phenomenal assumption that there exists a dynamical process inside the organic system.In the next step he modelled the heuristic fiction of the organism as an open system striving towards a steady state.Then he postulated two biological principles,namely,the maintenance of the organism in the non-equilibrium,and the hierarchic organization of a systemic structure.Finally he furnished this biological system theory with a research program that dealt with the quantitative kinetic of growth and metabolismA Brief History of Systems BiologyParadigm shift in biology from component to systems analysis 1.during the latter half of the 20th century focused on the generation of information about individual cellular components,their chemical composition,and often their biological functions（by reductionist approaches）A Brief History of Systems BiologyParadigm shift in biology from component to systems analysis2.Over the past decade,the advent of high-throughput experimental technologies is forcing biologists to view cells as systems,rather than focusing their attention on individual cellular components.over the coming years and decades biological sciences will be increasingly focused on the systems properties of cellular and tissue functionsHiroaki Kitano（北野宏明）（北野宏明）Ph.D Project Director.Sony Computer Science Laboratories Standardize and develop software platforms for systems biology researchesTheorization and Demonstration of Molecular Reaction In Cellular System Understanding Robustness of Cellular System and its Control MechanismLeroy Hood（MD PhD）is recognized as one of the worlds leading scientists in molecular biotechnology and genomics.In 2000,Hood co-founded,and is currently President of,the Institute for Systems Biology in Seattle which pioneers systems approaches to biology and medicine.His professional career began at Caltech where he and his colleagues pioneered four instruments,sequencers and synthesizers for DNA and protein.Hood was also one of the first advocates of,and a key player in,the Human Genome Project.In 1992,he moved to the University of Washington to create the cross-disciplinary Department of Molecular Biotechnology as the William Gates III Professor of Biomedical Science.He has played a role in founding numerous biotechnology companies,including Amgen,Applied Biosystems,Systemix,Darwin,Rosetta and MacroGenics.What is Systems biology?Systems biology is a new field of biology that aims to develop a system-level understanding of biological systems.System level understanding requires a set of principles and methodologies that links the behaviors of molecules to system characteristics and functions.Systems biology is a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the manner in which all the components of a biological system interact functionally over timeBasic Concepts in Systems BiologyThere are three basic concepts that are crucial to understanding complex biological systems1.Emergence that are not demonstrated by their individual parts and cannot be predicted even with full understanding of the parts aloneBasic Concepts in Systems BiologyThere are three basic concepts that are crucial to understanding complex biological systems2.Robustness Biological systems maintain phenotypic stability in the face of diverse perturbations imposed by the environment,stochastic events,and genetic variationBasic Concepts in Systems BiologyThere are three basic concepts that are crucial to understanding complex biological systems3.Modularity a module in a network is a set of nodes that have strong interactions and a common functionBasic scientific questions or properties in Systems Biology1.System structures.These include the network of gene interactions and biochemical pathways,as well as the mechanisms by which such interactions modulate the physical properties of intracellular and multicellular structures.Basic scientific questions or properties in Systems Biology2.System dynamics.How a system behaves over time under various conditions metabolic analysis,sensitivity analysis,dynamic analysisBasic scientific questions or properties in Systems Biology3.System control Mechanisms that systematically control the state of the cell can be modulated to minimize malfunctions and provide potential therapeutic targets for treatment of diseaseBasic scientific questions or properties in Systems Biology4.System design Strategies to modify and construct biological systems having desired properties can be devised based on definite design principles and simulations,instead of blind trial-and-error.Basic measurement technologies and experimental methods in systems biology research 1.Comprehensive Factor,Time-series,Item2.Accurate such specific parameter values as binding constant,transcription rate,translation rate,chemical reaction rate,degradation rate,diffusion rate,speed of active transport,etc.3.Systematic means that measurement is performed in such a way that obtained data can be consistently integratedBasic measurement technologies and experimental methods in systems biology research4.High-throughput genomic and proteomic platforms5.integration Computer science,mathematics,and statistics;Model organisms;Comparative or functional genomics6.Automation and micromation