1、汉英翻译技巧(第一讲)增词与减词增词增词 (amplification)(amplification)1.三个臭皮匠,胜过诸葛亮。ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhugeLiang.ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhugeLiangthe mastermind.(增加背景知识)ThreecobblersequalZhugeLiang.2.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。Modestyhelpsonetogoforward,conceitmakesonelagbehind.Modestyhelpsonet
2、ogoforward,whereasconceitmakesonelagbehind.(增连词)3.要提倡顾全大局。Weshouldadvocatetakingthewholesituationintoconsideration.Weshouldadvocatethe spirit oftakingthewholesituationintoconsideration.(增回概括性词)4.结婚大办酒席,实在可以免去了。Givinglavishfeastsatweddingscanwellbedispensedwith.The practice ofgivinglavishfeastsatwedd
3、ingscanwellbedispensedwith.(增回概括性词)5.这个小男孩饭前都洗手,然后用餐巾纸擦干。Thislittleboyalwayswasheshandsbeforemealsandthendrieswithnapkins.Thislittleboyalwayswasheshishandsbeforemealsandthendriesthemwithnapkins.(增物主代词和宾语)6.老虎和猫同科。Tigerandcatbelongtothesamefamilyofanimals.Thetigerandthecatbelongtothesamefamilyofanima
4、ls(增冠词)汉语句子在泛指的时候,显然可以增加上英语表示泛指的主语。如:充分发挥个体、私营等非公有制经济在促进经济增长、扩大就业和活跃市场等方面的重要作用。Weshouldtakeadvantageofnonpublic-ownedeconomy,includingindividual,privatelyownedetc.,tofulfillitssignificanteffectonacceleratingeconomicimprovement,enlargingemployment,andflourishingthemarket.然而,要想了解一个人的禀赋资质和实际能力如何,考试是考不出
5、名堂来的。Buttheyareofvainifyouwanttoknowaboutthegift,intelligenceorpracticalabilitiesofaperson.凡事应该适度,适度是最安全的。Oneshouldbemoderateinallthings,andmoderationisalwaysthesafestway.增加英语代词增加英语代词it it作主语作主语在英语中,代词在英语中,代词it作主语的情况非常多。因为作主语的情况非常多。因为这个代词表示的意义非常丰富,它可以表示汉这个代词表示的意义非常丰富,它可以表示汉语中的气候、天气、时间等无主句,如语中的气候、天气、
6、时间等无主句,如“下雨下雨了(了(It is raining),三点了(),三点了(Its 3 oclock now)等,当然,它还可以充当)等,当然,它还可以充当强调句强调句和和形式形式主语主语句型的主语。如:句型的主语。如:自从理查德自从理查德尼克松(尼克松(Richard Nixon)同癌症)同癌症宣战以来已经宣战以来已经有有30年了年了。It is already three decades since Richard Nixon declared war on cancer.大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在。Itisgraduateschoolinauniversitythatis
7、theplacetodoresearchworkatabasiclevel.说明:在这个例子中,汉语的原文主语是“大学的研究所”。但是如果我们确定“大学的研究所”作为英语译文的主语,则没有办法很好的体现汉语原文的强调语气“才是”。所以,我们就可以增加代词it,用英语的强调句型来翻译。知道这个答案是有用的如果你想到英语国家去念大学,或者你想找一份需要英语技能的工作的话,通过语言考试那就至关重要了。ItsusefultoknowtheansweritisvitalifyouwanttobeenrolledinacollegeoruniversityinanEnglish-speakingcount
8、ry,orifyouwanttofindajobwhichrequiresEnglishlanguageskills.增加there be显然,如果汉语原文表达的是“有、存在、出现”等概念,我们则可以用英语的therebe句型来翻译。如:还将有一些生活极端贫困的人们,他们还需要政府的资助。Therewillstillbesomepeoplelivinginextremepoverty,whoarestillinneedofthegovernmentsfinancialsupport.举例来说,在早先的法国洞穴绘画里,早于公元前10,000年的绘画中没有人与人打仗的画面。Forexample,a
9、mongancientFrenchcavedrawingsearlierthan10,000B.C.,therewerenopicturesdescribingpeoplefightingwitheachother.补偿补偿(Compensation)(Compensation)由于慢动作的招式,由于慢动作的招式,太极拳太极拳常被认为是仅与老人相关常被认为是仅与老人相关的运动。的运动。Becauseoftheslowmovements,taichichuan,isfrequentlyassociated(linked)exclusivelywithseniorcitizens(old/aged
10、/elderlypeople).Becauseoftheslowmovements,taichichuan,alsoknownasshadowboxing,isfrequentlyassociated(linked)exclusivelywithseniorcitizens(old/aged/elderlypeople).苏轼苏轼:Su Shi(formerly translated as Su Shih,1037-1101),alias Su Dongpo,writer and calligrapher of the Song Dynasty.牛郎织女牛郎织女 the Cowherd and
11、 the Girl Weaver-two figures in ancient Chinese fairy tale(Later it also refers to husband and wife who live far apart.)开绿灯开绿灯 turn on the green light(provide conveniences for certain affairs,so that they could proceed smoothly)八股文八股文 Eighth-part essay prescribed for the imperial civil service exami
12、nations-known for its rigidity of form and poverty of ideas添加总结词添加总结词在英语中,若需引导一大段文字,最好添加一些引导性的引导性的词语词语,增强上下文的衔接性,同时也使读者有一个阅读大段文字的心理准备。展望下世纪,我们的目标是,(第一个十年实现国民生产总值翻一番,使人民的小康生活更加宽裕,形成比较完善的社会主义市场经济体制;再经过十年的努力,到建党一百年时,使国民经济更加发展,各项制度更加完善;到世纪中叶建国一百年时,基本实现现代化,建成富强民主文明的社会主义国家。)Lookingintothenextcentury,wehav
13、esetthegoaloftherealizationofthesocialistmodernization.Lookingintothenextcentury,wehavesetourgoalsasfollows:Lookingintothenextcentury,wehavesetthefollowinggoals:假如“目标是”之后的文字没有124字那么长,只有二、三十字,那么或许可改用不太显著的these与较为简单的冒号、破折号来引导:Lookingintothenextcentury,wehavesetthesegoals:Lookingintothenextcentury,weha
14、vesetthesegoals-填充词的使用填充词的使用为了使译文更加流畅自如,句内关系更加清晰,有时为了使译文更加流畅自如,句内关系更加清晰,有时需添加一些在语义上似乎不甚重要的词,这些词可称需添加一些在语义上似乎不甚重要的词,这些词可称为为填充词填充词(fill(fillin words)in words)。译文里加一些虚词(即副词、。译文里加一些虚词(即副词、连接词等),读起来更加流畅,提高了译文的质量,连接词等),读起来更加流畅,提高了译文的质量,可以更好地传达原文的内容和口气。可以更好地传达原文的内容和口气。例例1港口设施的业主或经营者应当港口设施的业主或经营者应当按照按照港口设计规
15、港口设计规范,提供安全靠岸、离岸、移动泊位的条件。范,提供安全靠岸、离岸、移动泊位的条件。The proprietor or operator of port facilities shall provide safe means for mooring,departing and changing to another berth,all in accordance with the designed specifications of the port.国际经济联系日益密切,科学技术突飞猛进,对世界政治、经济和社会的发展产生重要影响。Internationaleconomiclinksha
16、vebecometighterandtighter,andscienceandtechnologyareadvancingbyleapsandbounds,bothofwhichareexertingamajorinfluenceonworldpolitical,economicandsocialdevelopment.我读的书并不多,就是一条,相信毛主席讲的实事求是。过去我们打仗靠这个,现在搞建设、搞改革也靠这个。Ihavenotreadmanybooks,butthereisonethingIbelievein:ChairmanMaosprincipleofseekingtruthfrom
17、facts.Thatistheprinciplewereliedonwhenwewerefightingwars,andwecontinuetorelyonitinconstructionandreform.Ihaventreadtoomanybooks,3.学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。Learningwithoutthoughtisvain.Thoughtwithoutlearningisidle.(省连词)4.人群渐渐静了下来。Silencecameoverthecrowds.(省副词)5.问今是何世,乃不知有汉,无论魏晋。Theyenquiredaboutthepoliticsofthe
18、day,ignorantoftheestablishmentoftheHanDynasty,andofcourseofthelaterdynastiesthathadsucceededit(省助词)6.你将来一定得更努力工作。Doworkharderinthefuture.(省代名词)7.生活在四川的十几个民族,各有不同的文化和风俗,成为巴蜀歌舞取之不尽,用之不竭的创作源泉。ThenationalitiesinSichuanmaintaindifferentculturesandcustoms,whichprovidetheinexhaustiblesourceoffolksongsandda
19、nces.(省意义重复的词语)8.她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后,都主伸她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后,都主伸出援助之手。出援助之手。After her friends heard about her family difficulties,they offered her a helping hand.(省范畴的词语)(省范畴的词语)9.在园里面是人间的乐园,有的是吃不了的大米在园里面是人间的乐园,有的是吃不了的大米白面,穿不完的绫罗绸缎,花不完的金银财宝。白面,穿不完的绫罗绸缎,花不完的金银财宝。The garden was a paradise on earth,with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent.(省有修饰效果的词)(省有修饰效果的词)10.客观现实世界的变化运动永远没有完结,我们在实践中对于真理的认识也就永远没有完结。Thechangingmovementoftheobjectiveworldwillneverend,neitherwillourknowledgeoftruthinourpractices.(词语替换)The end
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