系统解剖泌尿系统英文版.pptx

Urinary System泌尿系统泌尿系统Urinary System泌尿系统泌尿系统q CompositionKidney 肾肾form urineUreter 输尿管输尿管conduct urine from kidneys to bladderUrinary bladder 膀胱膀胱receives and stores urineUrethra 尿道尿道conducts urine from bladder to exterior of body(discharged)Kidney 肾肾q General featuresBean shaped,reddish-brown organsSuperior extremitybroad and thinInferior extremitynarrow and thickAnterior surfaceconvexPosterior surfaceflatLateral borderconvexKidney 肾肾Medial borderconcave Renal hilum 肾门肾门a vertical slit on the medial border of kidney Renal pedicle肾蒂肾蒂 the structures which enter and leave the renal hilum，including the renal vein,renal artery,renal pelvis,lymphatic vessels and nervesOrder of structures in the renal pedicle lFrom anterior to posteriorrenal V,renal A,renal pelvis.lFrom superior to inferior renal A.renal V.renal pelvis.Kidney 肾肾 Renal sinus 肾窦肾窦 The renal hilum extends into a large cavity within the kidneyContents:Occupied by the renal vessels,minor renal calices,major renal calices,renal pelvis and some adipose tissuekidneyq Renal structure肾的结构肾的结构Renal cortex 肾皮质肾皮质lrenal columns 肾柱肾柱Renal medulla 肾髓质肾髓质 lRenal pyramids 肾锥体肾锥体 (1520)lRenal papilla 肾乳头肾乳头lPapillary foramina 乳头孔乳头孔Minor renal calices 肾小盏肾小盏 (78)Major renal calices 肾大盏肾大盏(23)Renal pelvis 肾盂肾盂Renal cortex consist of renal units，which produces the urinekidneyq Coverings of kidney Fibrous capsule 纤维囊纤维囊Fatty renal capsule 脂肪囊脂肪囊Renal fascia 肾筋膜肾筋膜kidneyqCoverings of kidney Fibrous capsule 纤维囊纤维囊 lA strong fibrous capsule which strips easily from a normal kidney surface but adheres firmly to an organ that has been inflamed kidneyFatty renal capsule 脂肪囊脂肪囊 lA thick adipose connective tissue capsule,surrounds the fibrous capsulelIt acts as a shock absorber to protect the kidney from jolting and jarringRenal fascia 肾筋膜肾筋膜 lOn outside,surrounds both the kidney and suprarenal glandlHolding these organs in place kidneyq Position of Kidney Lie behind the peritoneum,high up on the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the vertebral column Upper pole nearer to media plan than lower pole KidneyLeft kidney lLies at the level from the lower border of T11 to intervertebral disc between L2-L3lThe 12th rib is behind its middle part of the post surfaceRight kidney lLies slightly lower than the left kidney,at the level from the upper border of T12 to L3lThe 12th rib is behind its upper part of the post surfaceRenal hilumlAt the level of L1lAbout 5cm from the posterior median lineRenal regionlThe area between 12th rib and the lateral margin of erector spinae Renal segments肾段肾段qThe kidney is divided into five vascular segments and each is supplied by a branch of the renal artery;between the segments there is no anastomosis.qRenal segmentsSuperior segment Superior anterior segmentInferior anterior segment Inferior segmentPosterior segmentResin corrosion cast of human kidneys.Ureter,pelvis and calyces are yellow;aorta,renal arteries and their branches are red.Coronal multislice CT scans of the right and left suprarenal glands.CT renal venogram.Acquired from a multislice CT examination and reconstructed as a 3D surface shaded reformat.Variations Renal calculus(stone in the kindey)q肾功能衰竭肾功能衰竭kidney failure 尿毒症uremia/toxuria q肾移植肾移植kidney transplantation Ureters 输尿管输尿管qMuscular tube,about 20-30cm long and 0.5-1.0cm wide(diameter)q DivisionsAbdominal part输尿管腹部输尿管腹部descend on the psoas major behind the peritoneum Pelvic part输尿管盆部输尿管盆部in females,passes 2cm lateral to the neck of uterus and lies below the uterine arteryIntramural part输尿管壁内段输尿管壁内段passes obliquely through the bladder wall for 1.5cm longUreters 输尿管输尿管q Three constrictions1st constriction:at pelvoureteric junction2nd constriction:where ureter crosses the pelvic inlet and iliac vessels3rd constriction:at intramural partMultislice CT urogram.Coronal reformat showing the enhancing renal parenchyma and both ureters along their entire length.Multislice CT urogram.3D-surface shaded reformat showing the kidneys,ureters,bladder and surrounding bony anatomy.Stone in ureterUrinaryUrinary bladder 膀胱膀胱q General features pyramidal in shape when empty,having Apex 膀胱尖膀胱尖Fundus膀胱底膀胱底Body of bladder膀胱体膀胱体Neck膀胱颈膀胱颈Normal volum of bladder adult：350-500ml maxium：800ml newborn：110 of adultUrinaryUrinary bladder 膀胱膀胱q Trigone of bladder 膀胱三角膀胱三角Smooth triangular area at inner surface of the funds of bladderFormed by internal urethral orifice anteriorly and two ureteric orifices laterallyIn this area absents submucosal layer,where the mucous membrane is firmly adherent to the muscular coat,and is always smooth q Interureteric fold 输尿管间襞输尿管间襞 Muscular elevationBetween ureteric orifices.UrinaryUrinary bladder 膀胱膀胱q Position In the adult,it lies in the lesser pelvis,behind the pubic symphysis,in front of seminal vesicle,ampulla ductus deferentis and rectum in the male,and in front of uterus and vagina in the female.In the young child the empty bladder projects above the pelvic inletUrethra 尿道尿道 q Female urethraRelatively shorter(about 3-5cm long),wider and straightInternal orifice of urethra 尿道内口尿道内口External orifice of urethra尿道外口尿道外口：opens into vaginal vestibule