1、文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。一、数词一、数词1基数词结构特点:基数词结构特点:(1)在表示上十位和个位之间要加连字符在表示上十位和个位之间要加连字符“”。(2)在百位和十位之间要用在百位和十位之间要用 and 连接。连接。(3)千位以上数从后向前数,每三位加一个逗号。千位以上数从后向前数,每三位加一个逗号。(4)hundred,thousand,million 等前面有详细数字或等前面有详细数字或 some,several 等修饰时,后面不加等修饰时,后面不加“s”;但当其后;但当其后跟跟 of 短语时,要用复数形式。短语时,要用复数形式。第1页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改
2、正。2序数词结构特点:序数词结构特点:(1)序数词第序数词第119除了除了 first,second 和和 third 外,外,其余大部分都是由基数词后加其余大部分都是由基数词后加“th”组成。组成。(2)十位数序数词假如含有十位数序数词假如含有19个位数时,十位数用个位数时,十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词,而且中间用连字符连接。基数词,个位数用序数词,而且中间用连字符连接。(3)百、千、万等序数词由百、千、万等序数词由 hundred,thousand,million 等后加等后加th 组成。组成。(4)序数词前普通要加序数词前普通要加 the 表示次序。表示次序。第2页文档仅供参考,如有不
3、当之处,请联系改正。3分数、小数、百分数读法和写法分数、小数、百分数读法和写法(1)分数分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,分分数分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,分子大于一时,分母用复数;但要注意整数和分数之子大于一时,分母用复数;但要注意整数和分数之间必须用间必须用 and 连接。连接。25,6 表示为表示为 two and five sixths。(2)在读小数时,小数点后面数字要单独读出。小数在读小数时,小数点后面数字要单独读出。小数点读成点读成 point。(3)百分数用百分数用“基数词基数词percent”表示,要注意表示,要注意 percent 不能用复数形式。不能用复数形式。
4、第3页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。尤其提醒:尤其提醒:1/2普通用普通用 a/one half 表示。表示。1/4普通用普通用 a/one quarter 表示。表示。第4页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。4表示倍数关系句式表示倍数关系句式(1)主语主语A谓语倍数程度谓语倍数程度as形容词或副词原级形容词或副词原级as比较对象比较对象B。(2)主语主语A谓语倍数程度谓语倍数程度the度量名词度量名词of比较对象比较对象B。(3)主语主语A谓语倍数程度谓语倍数程度what从句。从句。(4)主语主语A谓语倍数程度形容词或副词比较级谓语倍数程度形容词或副词比较级than比较对象比
5、较对象B。(5)主语主语A谓语形容词或副词比较级谓语形容词或副词比较级than比较比较对象对象Bby倍数。倍数。第5页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。尤其提醒:表示倍数时,一倍用尤其提醒:表示倍数时,一倍用 once,两倍用,两倍用 twice/double,三倍或三倍以上才用,三倍或三倍以上才用“基数词基数词times”表表示。示。第6页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。二、主谓一致二、主谓一致(一一)主谓一致三标准主谓一致三标准1语法一致标准。即主语是单数,谓语为单数;主语若为语法一致标准。即主语是单数,谓语为单数;主语若为复数,谓语亦为复数。比如:复数,谓语亦为复数。比如:
6、He does well in maths.2意义一致标准。依据主语意义,而不是形式,决定谓语意义一致标准。依据主语意义,而不是形式,决定谓语数。比如:数。比如:The teacher and writer is going to give us a lecture on writing.那位老师兼作者准备给我们讲讲怎样写作。那位老师兼作者准备给我们讲讲怎样写作。3就近一致标准。即谓语与靠近那个主语一致。比如:就近一致标准。即谓语与靠近那个主语一致。比如:Either he or I am right.第7页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。尤其提醒:尤其提醒:三个标准即使不一样,但在详
7、细利用中,它们三个标准即使不一样,但在详细利用中,它们往往是协调,并不矛盾。比如:往往是协调,并不矛盾。比如:More than ten students have passed the driving test.(形形式和意义都是复数式和意义都是复数)当语法一致标准与意义一致标准发生冲突时,普通坚持语当语法一致标准与意义一致标准发生冲突时,普通坚持语法一致标准。比如:法一致标准。比如:More than one student has passed the driving test.(形形式是单数,意义是复数式是单数,意义是复数)第8页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。(二二)主谓一致
8、细说主谓一致细说1谓语用单数时情况谓语用单数时情况(1)不可数名词做主语时。比如:不可数名词做主语时。比如:There is a lot of water in the jar.第9页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。尤其提醒:不可数名词前若有表示数量物量词,则谓语动词尤其提醒:不可数名词前若有表示数量物量词,则谓语动词与物量词本身形式一致。比如:与物量词本身形式一致。比如:One million tons of oil were produced last year.(2)不定式短语、动名词短语和从句做主语时。比如:不定式短语、动名词短语和从句做主语时。比如:That she will
9、 come here tomorrow is certain.第10页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。尤其提醒:尤其提醒:what 从句做主语时,谓语动词形式主要取决从句做主语时,谓语动词形式主要取决于后面表语是单数还是复数。试比较:于后面表语是单数还是复数。试比较:What they want is nothing but a rest.What he wants are two books.当当 what 从句表示所说话或所做事时,谓语动词应用单数。从句表示所说话或所做事时,谓语动词应用单数。比如:比如:What he said has left us much to think
10、about.第11页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。(3)主语是形单意单词主语是形单意单词主语若是单数名词,后面尽管跟有主语若是单数名词,后面尽管跟有 as well as,with,together with,besides,except,but,including,rather than 等引导短语,谓语仍用单数。比如:等引导短语,谓语仍用单数。比如:The teacher as well as his students is playing football.In some parts of the world,tea is served with milk or sugar.主
11、语是主语是 each 或单数主语被或单数主语被 each,every 修饰时。比如:修饰时。比如:Each of the boys has a pencil box.Here every student is good at drawing.第12页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。尤其提醒:单数并列主语被尤其提醒:单数并列主语被 every,each,no,many a 修修饰时,谓语也用单数。比如:饰时,谓语也用单数。比如:Every desk and chair is new.Each teacher and each student has been told to attend
12、 the meeting after school.第13页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。尤其提醒:尤其提醒:each 做主语同位语时谓语由前面主语决做主语同位语时谓语由前面主语决定。比如:定。比如:They each have finished their exercises.主语是主语是 either,neither,the other 或主语被或主语被 either,neither 修饰时。比如:修饰时。比如:Either of the answers is correct.Neither answer proves to be correct.every/some/any/n
13、obody/one/thing 组成复合不组成复合不定代词做主语时。比如:定代词做主语时。比如:Nobody is absent.第14页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。主语是主语是a kind/sort/type of单数或复数名词时,因为单数或复数名词时,因为kind/sort/type 是短语中中心词,也是信息焦点,所以,谓语应与其一致。例:是短语中中心词,也是信息焦点,所以,谓语应与其一致。例:This kind of wheat isnt grown in our country.(4)主语是形复意单词主语是形复意单词以以 s 结尾国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时
14、。比如:结尾国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时。比如:The United Nations(联合国联合国)was founded in 1945.以以 s 结尾学科名词做主语时。比如:结尾学科名词做主语时。比如:Physics is taught in all middle schools.“One and a half复数名词复数名词”做主语时。比如:做主语时。比如:One and a half days is all I can spare.第15页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。2谓语用复数时情况谓语用复数时情况(1)主语是形单意复词主语是形单意复词people,pol
15、ice 等集合名词做主语时。比如:等集合名词做主语时。比如:The police have caught the thieves.“the/these/those形容词形容词/分词形容词分词形容词”能够表示一类人,能够表示一类人,这一结构做主语时。比如:这一结构做主语时。比如:第16页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。Those wounded were taken good care of.“the形容词形容词”还可表示抽象事物,这时应视做单数。比还可表示抽象事物,这时应视做单数。比如:如:The beautiful gives pleasure to people.“the表示国籍、
16、民族形容词表示国籍、民族形容词”能够表示该国全体人民,能够表示该国全体人民,这一结构做主语时。比如:这一结构做主语时。比如:The Chinese are a brave and hardworking people.第17页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。(2)主语是形复意复词主语是形复意复词一些含有抽象意义复数名词做主语时。比如:一些含有抽象意义复数名词做主语时。比如:Things are getting worse and worse.The surroundings are usually quiet here.“one or two复数名词复数名词”做主语时。比如:做主语时。
17、比如:There are one or two tickets left.第18页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。glasses,compasses,trousers 等由两部分连成一体名等由两部分连成一体名词做主语时。比如:词做主语时。比如:My trousers are worn out.若前面有若前面有 pair 等物量词,则谓语由该物量词形式决定。比如:等物量词,则谓语由该物量词形式决定。比如:There is a pair of compasses on the desk.There are two pairs of glasses needing to be repaire
18、d.第19页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。3谓语用单数或复数都有可能谓语用单数或复数都有可能(1)表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词被看做整体时,表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词被看做整体时,谓语用单数。比如:谓语用单数。比如:Ten dollars is what he needs.Twenty kilometres isnt a short distance.若侧重于一个个个体,则用复数。比如:若侧重于一个个个体,则用复数。比如:Five years have passed since I joined the League.第20页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。
19、(2)and 连接并列名词做主语时,谓语普通用复数。比如:连接并列名词做主语时,谓语普通用复数。比如:Reading and writing are both very important.Hard work and plain living(艰辛和朴素艰辛和朴素)are the fine qualities of a person.若该结构表示一个单一概念或指同一人、物时,谓语用单数,若该结构表示一个单一概念或指同一人、物时,谓语用单数,但这时两个名词前加一个冠词。比如:但这时两个名词前加一个冠词。比如:The maths teacher and class teacher(班主任数学老师班
20、主任数学老师)is very strict with us.Bread and butter(涂有黄油面包涂有黄油面包)is their daily food.Hard work and plain living(艰辛朴素艰辛朴素)is a weapon with which we have won one victory after another.第21页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。(3)family,class,group,team,crowd,crew,enemy,committee,population 等集合名词做等集合名词做主语时,若强调整个集体,谓语用单数。比如:主
21、语时,若强调整个集体,谓语用单数。比如:The population of China is large.中国人口众多。中国人口众多。若强调集体中各个组员,谓语用复数。比如:若强调集体中各个组员,谓语用复数。比如:Nearly 80%of the population of China are farmers.中国快要百分之八十人口是农民。中国快要百分之八十人口是农民。第22页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。(4)what,which,who,some,any,more,most,all 等词做主语时,谓语动词数依据实际意等词做主语时,谓语动词数依据实际意义确定。比如:义确定。比如:A
22、ll is silent.万籁俱寂。万籁俱寂。(all 指代整个情况、事件时指代整个情况、事件时是单数是单数)All are silent.全部人都不做声。全部人都不做声。(all 指代人或物时,指代人或物时,是复数是复数)(5)none 做主语时,若指代可数名词,谓语用单数和做主语时,若指代可数名词,谓语用单数和复数均能够;若指代不可数名词,谓语用单数。复数均能够;若指代不可数名词,谓语用单数。第23页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。(6)“half of,part of,most of,eighty percent of,one third of,the rest of名词名词/代
23、词代词”做主语做主语时,谓语依据后面名词或代词而定。比如:时,谓语依据后面名词或代词而定。比如:Most of the people agree with us.Most of the money is spent on clothes.(7)单复数同形名词做主语时,谓语动词要依据主语单复数同形名词做主语时,谓语动词要依据主语意义而定。比如:意义而定。比如:All means have been tried.Every means has been tried.第24页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。(8)在四则运算中,加法、乘法后面谓语动词用单、复数均在四则运算中,加法、乘法后面谓语
24、动词用单、复数均可,减法、除法后面谓语动词只能用单数。比如:可,减法、除法后面谓语动词只能用单数。比如:Three plus three makes/make six.Thirtyfive divided by five is seven.第25页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。(四四)谓语与相邻那个主语一致谓语与相邻那个主语一致(1)either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also,not.but,or 等连接两个并列主语时,谓语须与等连接两个并列主语时,谓语须与靠近那一个主语一致。比如:靠近那一个主语一致。比如:Either you or I am w
25、rong.Are neither you nor he for the plan?(2)在在 here is,there is 或其它状语提前倒装句中,或其它状语提前倒装句中,谓语动词形式也适用邻近标准。比如:谓语动词形式也适用邻近标准。比如:Here is a pen and two pieces of paper for you.第26页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。5主谓一致其它情况主谓一致其它情况(1)在强调结构中,当被强调部分是主语时,从句中在强调结构中,当被强调部分是主语时,从句中谓语须与被强调词一致。比如:谓语须与被强调词一致。比如:It is I who am to
26、answer for her safety.(2)定语从句中谓语动词在意义上应与先行词一致。定语从句中谓语动词在意义上应与先行词一致。比如:比如:Do you know the girls who are soldiers?当先行词为当先行词为“one of名词复数名词复数”时,定语从句中时,定语从句中谓语动词用复数。比如:谓语动词用复数。比如:She is one of the girls who have passed the exam.第27页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。当先行词为当先行词为“the(only)one of名词复数名词复数”时,定语从句时,定语从句中谓语动词用
27、单数。比如:中谓语动词用单数。比如:She is the only one of the girls who has passed the exam.(3)“many a/more than one单数可数名词单数可数名词”做主语时谓做主语时谓语用单数。比如:语用单数。比如:Many a student has joined the League recently.(4)“the number of名词复数名词复数”做主语时谓语用单数。做主语时谓语用单数。“a number of名词复数名词复数”做主语时谓语用复数。比如:做主语时谓语用复数。比如:The number of the stude
28、nts in our school is larger than that in their school.A number of people are against the proposal.第28页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。名校模拟演练名校模拟演练第29页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。1(甘肃天水一中甘肃天水一中)The exercises are extremely difficult,but half of the class _ them ahead of time.Ahas already finished Bwill finishChave alread
29、y finished Dfinishes解析:考查时态及主谓一致。语意表明谓语动词用现在完成解析:考查时态及主谓一致。语意表明谓语动词用现在完成时;时;class,family,army,government,group,team,staff,committee,nation,company等集合名词作主语强等集合名词作主语强调整体时,谓语用单数,假如强调个体,则用复数。句中调整体时,谓语用单数,假如强调个体,则用复数。句中强调个体,所以用复数。强调个体,所以用复数。答案:答案:C第30页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。2(北京海淀北京海淀)Three quarters of the
30、forest _ burnt to ashes,and the rest _ cut down for construction.Awas;has been Bwas;have beenChave been;is Dare;has been解析:解析:Three quarters ofn.谓语动词取决于名词谓语动词取决于名词 the forest,谓语用单数;第二空谓语用单数;第二空 the rest 也指代也指代 forest,谓语也用单数。谓语也用单数。答案:答案:A第31页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。3(杭州一中月考杭州一中月考)Jane is one of the best
31、 students in her class who _ by their teacher.Aare praised Bis praisedCpraised Dpraise解析:解析:one of复数名词做先行词时,定语从句中谓语动词复数名词做先行词时,定语从句中谓语动词用复数形式,且表被动,故选用复数形式,且表被动,故选A。答案:答案:A第32页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。4(合肥联考合肥联考)The population of this area _ 100 000.Seventy percent of the population _ natives and the rest
32、 _ from China.Ais;is;is Bare;are;isCis;are;are Dare;is;are解析:第一空解析:第一空 population 指指“人口数量人口数量”,谓语动,谓语动词用单数;第二空词用单数;第二空 population 指指“人人”,谓语动,谓语动词用复数;第三空词用复数;第三空 the rest 指指“其它人其它人”,谓语动,谓语动词用复数。词用复数。答案:答案:C第33页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。5(重庆联考重庆联考)Soon after feeling the slight shaking,every man,woman and ch
33、ild _ about the earthquake that night.Awere talking Bwas talkingChad talked Dtalking解析:解析:every单数名词,谓语动词用单数。单数名词,谓语动词用单数。答案:答案:B第34页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。6(皖中联考皖中联考)All the employees except the manager _ to work online at home.Aencourages BencourageCis encouraged Dare encouraged解析:解析:except 连接并列主语时,谓语
34、动词与前一主语一致,连接并列主语时,谓语动词与前一主语一致,且表被动,故选且表被动,故选D。答案:答案:D第35页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。7(杭州检测杭州检测)Yesterday the League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.Ais BwasCare Dwere解析:解析:the League secretary and monitor 指指“一个人一个人”,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。答案:答案:B第36页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。8(皖西检测皖西检测)The
35、 results of the examination _ that you have all made great _.Ashow;progress Bshows;progressCshow;progresses Dshows;progresses解析:第一空主语是解析:第一空主语是 the results,谓语动词用复数;谓语动词用复数;第二空第二空 progress 是不可数名词,不加是不可数名词,不加 s。答案:答案:A第37页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。9(安庆一中月考安庆一中月考)Either your parents or your elder brother _ t
36、o attend the meeting tomorrow.Ais BareCare going Dhave解析:解析:either.or.连接并列主语,用就近一致标准,故选连接并列主语,用就近一致标准,故选A。答案:答案:A第38页文档仅供参考,如有不当之处,请联系改正。10(黄冈检测黄冈检测)Neither of the novels which _ popular with us _ been translated into Chinese.Aare;has Bare;hadCis;have Dis;has解析:定语从句先行词是解析:定语从句先行词是 novels,故从句中谓语用,故从句中谓语用 are;第二空主语是;第二空主语是 neither,谓语用,谓语用 has 或或 have 都能够。都能够。答案:答案:A第39页
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