一般现在时语法总结省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

普通现在时普通现在时第1页定定义普通现在时：表示通常性、规律性、习惯性状普通现在时：表示通常性、规律性、习惯性状态或者动作（有时间规律发生事件）一个时间态或者动作（有时间规律发生事件）一个时间状态状态第2页1.表示现在状态表示现在状态：e.g.e.g.Hes twelve.Hes twelve.Shes at work Shes at work.2.2.表经常或习惯性动作表经常或习惯性动作：e.g.e.g.I get up at 6:30 every dayI get up at 6:30 every day.He reads English every morningHe reads English every morning.惯用状语：惯用状语：often,sometimes,usually,every day 等。等。3.3.表主语具备性格和能力等表主语具备性格和能力等：e.g.e.g.She likes noodles.She likes noodles.They speak French They speak French.4.表示不受时间限制普遍真理和自然规律表示不受时间限制普遍真理和自然规律：e.g.e.g.Two and four is six.Two and four is six.The moon goes around the earth.The moon goes around the earth.详细使用方法使用方法第3页详细使用方法使用方法1.表示经常或习惯性动作，常与表示频率时间状表示经常或习惯性动作，常与表示频率时间状语连用。语连用。(时间状语：时间状语：always,usually,every morning/night/evening/day/week/year,often,sometimes,seldom,once a month,on Sundays)e.g.I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.He gets up at six in the morning.第4页2.表示客观事实和普遍真理。表示客观事实和普遍真理。e.gTheearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.3表示格言或警句中。表示格言或警句中。e.gPridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。骄者必败。4.表示按要求、计划或时间表将要发生事。表示按要求、计划或时间表将要发生事。e.gThetrainstartsat10oclockinthemorning.火车将在早上火车将在早上10点开出。点开出。Weleaveverysoon.我们很快就离开我们很快就离开。这类使用方法限于表示这类使用方法限于表示“移动移动”动词：动词：go去，去，come来，来，leave离开，离开，start出发，出发，begin开始，开始，arrive抵达，抵达，takeoff起飞，等。起飞，等。第5页惯用时间状语1.频度副词频度副词:sometimes(有时有时),often,always(总是总是),usually(通常通常),seldom,never(决不决不)twice a week,seldom,once a month,on Sundays2.inthemorning/afternoon/evening每七天六每七天六 onSaturdays 每七天日每七天日 onSundays3.everymorning/night/evening/day/week/year,e.g.Ileavehomeforschoolat7:00everymorning.Igetupat6:30everyday.HereadsEnglisheverymorning.4.一次一次once两次两次twice三次三次threetimes一周两次一周两次twiceaweek每七天四次每七天四次fourtimesaweek第6页第7页结构构结构结构1：主语主语+be（am/is/are）+其它其它 陈说句：陈说句：She is from America.否定句：否定句：She is not from America.普通疑问句：普通疑问句：Is she from America?必定回答必定回答 ：Yes,she is.否定回答否定回答：No,she isnt.普通现在时含有普通现在时含有be动词变动词变疑问、否定句疑问、否定句口诀：要变普通疑问句，口诀：要变普通疑问句，be动词动词提前提前很轻易。否定句，很简单，很轻易。否定句，很简单，not在在be动词动词后面站后面站。第8页结构构结构结构2：主语主语+行为动词行为动词+其它其它陈说句结构：主语陈说句结构：主语+行为动词行为动词+其它其它(不过当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词不过当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词+s/es/y改改i加加es)Wegotoschoolat7:00.ShestudiesEnglisheveryday.否定句结构：主语否定句结构：主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形动词原形+其它其它Wedontgotoschoolat7:00.ShedoesntstudyEnglisheveryday.疑问句结构：疑问句结构：Do/Does+主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其它其它Doesshegotoschoolat7:00?必定回答：必定回答：Yes,shedoes.否定回答：否定回答：No,shedoesnt.普通现在时行为动词变疑问句口诀：普通现在时行为动词变疑问句口诀：一添、二改、三原、四问号。一添、二改、三原、四问号。即一添即一添Do/Does,二大写改小写，三动词用原形，四句末加二大写改小写，三动词用原形，四句末加“？”普通现在时变否定句口诀：若是普通现在时变否定句口诀：若是没有没有be动词，动词，do,does加加not要切记。要切记。第9页1.假如主语是假如主语是名词复数名词复数和和第一人称第一人称I、we，第第二人称二人称 you第三人称第三人称 they谓语动词不用做谓语动词不用做任何改变，即依然用动词原形表示：任何改变，即依然用动词原形表示：必定句必定句 主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其它其它 否定句否定句 主语主语+dont+动词原形动词原形+其它其它 普通疑问句普通疑问句 Do+主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其它其它 例例 1)We usually go to school at 7:30.我们通常我们通常7:30上学去。上学去。go 2)My parents give ten yuan to my sister every week.我父母每星期给我妹妹十元钱。我父母每星期给我妹妹十元钱。第10页v2.主语是任何一个主语是任何一个单数单数名词或者是名词或者是第三人称第三人称单数单数，谓语动词要进行必要改变。尤其提，谓语动词要进行必要改变。尤其提一点：一点：不可数名词也算作单数处理不可数名词也算作单数处理。必定句必定句:主语主语+动词第三人称单数动词第三人称单数+其它其它 否定句否定句:主语主语+doesnt+动词原形动词原形+其它其它 普通疑问句普通疑问句 :Does+主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其它其它 必定回答必定回答:Yes，主语，主语+does 否定回答否定回答:No，主语，主语+doesnt 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+普通疑问句普通疑问句 第11页普通现在时v动词第三人称单数形式动词第三人称单数形式(普通现在时普通现在时第三人称单（第三人称单（he,she,it)1.普通情普通情况况词尾加尾加-s：reads,writes2.以以ch,sh,s,x,结尾尾词加加-es：watches,washes,guesses,goes.3.以以辅音字母音字母+y结尾尾词变y为i,再加再加-es:cry-cries,study-studies以辅音字母+O结尾词，普通情况是在词尾加esgoesdoes.特殊is-arehas-have第12页1、普通、普通动词，在，在词尾加尾加 s;如：如：work-works,live-lives,play-plays,sing-sings.eg:She lives in Ningbo.她住在宁波。她住在宁波。2、以、以/s/z/等音素等音素结尾尾动词，词尾加尾加-es，如，如词尾尾为e，只加只加-s.读作作/iz/如：如：teach-teaches,wash-washes.eg:My mother washes the coat.我母我母亲洗了大衣。洗了大衣。行为动词行为动词do普通现在时普通现在时第三人称单第三人称单（he,she,it)组成规则：组成规则：动词改改变规律律第13页3.以以辅音字母加音字母加y 结尾尾词，把，把y变i在加在加es，读作作ZStudy flystudiesflies 4.以以辅音字母音字母+O结尾尾词，普通情况是在，普通情况是在词尾加尾加es 读作作Zgo do goesdoes5.特殊情况：特殊情况：have has 第14页EX2EX2 1.Tom often_(get)up at six in the morning 1.Tom often_(get)up at six in the morning 2.The earth _(go)around the sun.2.The earth _(go)around the sun.3.Marys parent _(live)in Beijing.3.Marys parent _(live)in Beijing.4.She _(draw)very well.4.She _(draw)very well.Ex1.Ex1.写出以下写出以下写出以下写出以下词单词单三形式：三形式：三形式：三形式：look;go;give;fly;have look;go;give;fly;have looks;golooks;goeses;give;gives s;flies;has ;flies;has getsgoeslivesdraws第15页特殊疑特殊疑问句句特特殊殊疑疑问词：what（什什么么）,when,what time（什什么么时间）,who（谁）,where（在在哪哪里里）,why（为何何）,how（怎怎样）,how many+可可数数名名词复复数数（多多少少），how long（多多长时间）,how often（多久一次）（多久一次）which(哪一个）等哪一个）等定定义：含有含有特殊疑特殊疑问词句子叫句子叫特殊疑特殊疑问句句普通现在时变否定句口诀：若是普通现在时变否定句口诀：若是没有没有be动词，动词，do,does加加not要切记。要切记。第16页一、疑问词一、疑问词+普通疑问句句序：普通疑问句句序：Where are you from?Im from the north.What do you want?I want the books on your desk.特殊疑特殊疑问句句语序序 第17页二，与陈说句语序同：（疑问词作主语或修饰主语)Whogivesyouthepresent.Mr.Wanggivesmethepresent.Whatisinthebox?Whichismine?Whosebookisonthedesk?第18页普通现在时Summary（小结）（小结）普通现在时顺口溜普通现在时顺口溜第一、二人称和复数，动词原形不变换。第一、二人称和复数，动词原形不变换。当主语是当主语是三单三单时，动词后时，动词后加加s(es)别忘怀。别忘怀。要变普通疑问句，要变普通疑问句，be动词动词提前提前很轻易。很轻易。若是若是没有没有be动词，动词，Do和和Does开头开头要注意。要注意。否定句，很简单，否定句，很简单，not 在在be 动词动词后面站后面站。若是若是没有没有be动词，动词，do,does加加not 要切记。要切记。第19页普通现在时Completethepassage.（用括号内词适当形式填空）（用括号内词适当形式填空）I_(be)astudent.I_(be)fromChinaMrWei_(be)myEnglishteacher.He_(speak)Englishwellandhe_(work)hardalot.I_(like)Englishverymuch.Lucy_(be)myfriend.She_(be)fromAmerica.She_(notspeak)Chinesewell.We_(notlike)football.We_(be)goodfriends.amamisspeaksworkslikeisisdoesntspeakdontlikeare第20页 Tom goes to school every day by bike.1.就就Tom 提提问 2.就就goes to school提提问 3.就就by bike提提问 Ex.请做做练习。1.Who goes to school every day by bike?2.What does Tom do every day by bike?3.How does Tom go to school every day?第21页V 选择疑疑问句句选择疑疑问句句:(直直接接回回答答，与与YES 和和NO 无关）无关）1Does she work in a factory or in an office?2Which do you like best,football,basketball or volleyball?Eg:Does she play football or basketball?A.Yes,she does B.she plays football.C.No,she doesnt 第22页some、anyv普通说来，some用于必定句中，any用于否定句和疑问句中。改疑改疑问句或否定句句或否定句时，原句里，原句里some要改成要改成anyTherearesomebooksonthedesk.(改为否定句)Therearentanybooksonthedesk.Arethereanybooksonthedesk?第23页Whynotbuysomeapples?为何不买些苹果呢?Wouldyoulikesomemoreapples?你要不要再吃点苹果?注意：在表示提议或希望得到必定回答时，some可用于疑问句，不用变成any.第24页and orv变否定句时，and要变成orThereissomeairandwateronthemoon.Thereisntanyairorwateronthemoon.Hehassomebrothersandsisters.Hedoesnthaveanybrothersorsisters.第25页在否定句当中，too要改为eitherIlikeeatingapples,too.Idontlikeeatingapples,either.第26页三、仿造示例完成句子，用上三、仿造示例完成句子，用上but和和and。Module:Jack,ride a bike,ride a horse.Jack can ride a bike,but he cant ride a horse.Jack can ride a bike and horse.1.Betty,ride a bike,swim_Betty can ride a bike,but he cant swim.Betty can ride a bike and swim.第27页含含be或情态动词普通疑问句改写或情态动词普通疑问句改写秘诀：一调二改三问号一调：即把句中be或情态动词调到主语前；二改：改换主语称谓，即将句中主语Imymineweourours等第一人称分别改为对应第二人称youyouryours等；三问号：句末句号改为问号 第28页第二家族：含行为动词（或称为实义动词）普通疑问句改写 秘诀：一加二改三问号秘诀：一加二改三问号一加：即在句首加助动词Do或Does；二改：1、把谓语动词改为原形；2、改换主语称谓（同第一家组）；三问号：句末句号改为问号。第29页第30页对划线部分提问对划线部分提问 3.Its Wednesday today.4.His favourite sport is basketball.5.My brother works in Shenzhen.6.One of my classmates comes from Australia.7.Lucy usually gets up at 6:30 in the morning.What day is it today?Whats his favourite sport?Where does your brother work?Where does one of your classmates come from?When does Lucy get up in the morning?第31页I do my homework.(用用He 改写改写)He does his homework.She does her homework.(用用we改写改写)We do our homework.Tom does his homework.(用用they 改写改写)They do their homewrk.第32页II 普通普通现在在时否定式1.Be 动词否定式否定式:be+notI am a teacher.You are a workerShe is a doctorWe are friends.Im not a teacherYou arent a workerShe isnt a doctor.We arent friends.is not=isntare not=arent 否定句否定句第33页否定句型否定句型v1.谓语动词或助动词是谓语动词或助动词是 be、have或者情态动或者情态动词词can/may/must 等，在将助动词后加等，在将助动词后加not.I am not at college.Mr.Wang isnt 50 years old.The Jacksons doesnt have two sons.You may not go now.第34页v2.谓语动词是谓语动词是实义动词实义动词，是在谓语动词前加，是在谓语动词前加do not 或或does not，谓语动词改用动词原，谓语动词改用动词原型。型。I dont have lunch at home.They dont play basketball on the sportsground.Mr.Jimmy doesnt know French.第35页Ex1.将以下各句从必定式改将以下各句从必定式改为否定式否定式1.I talk to Peter because I like him.2.Kate comes from America.Kate works with Peter3.I am Chinese,and I am a student.4.They know each other.I dont talk to Peter because I dont like him.Kate doesnt come from America.Kate doesnt work with Peter.I am not Chinese,and I am not a studentThey dont know each other.第36页疑问句型问句型v1.对于谓语动词或助动词是对于谓语动词或助动词是 be、have、can/may/must 等，将这些词移到主语前面。等，将这些词移到主语前面。vAre you students？vYes,we are./No,we arent.vIs Jane in the classroom?vYes,he is./No,he isnt.vDoes the house have two rooms?vYes,it does/No,it doesnt.vIs there any water in the glass?vYes,there is./No,there isnt.vCan you swim?vYes,I can./No,I cant.第37页v2.谓语动词是实义动词，方法是在主语前加助谓语动词是实义动词，方法是在主语前加助动词动词do或或does组成，句中动词要改用原型动词。组成，句中动词要改用原型动词。do用于第一人称和名词复数，用于第一人称和名词复数，does用于第三人用于第三人称单数和名词单数或不可数名词。称单数和名词单数或不可数名词。vDo you know it？vYes,I do./No,I dont.vDoes she have a pen？vYes,she does./No,she hasnt.have 这里这里是实义动词是实义动词 vDo they play basketball after school?vYes,they do./No,they dont.第38页概念：用概念：用 yes 或或 no 往返答疑往返答疑问句叫做普通疑句叫做普通疑问句。句。III普通疑问句普通疑问句I am a teacher.You are a worker.He is a student.We are friends.1.对于于BE 动词，疑，疑问句要求把句要求把BE 提前，第一人称提前，第一人称单数和复数数和复数（I/WE），第一），第一变成第二人称。成第二人称。疑疑问句句Are you a teacher?Are you a worker?Is he a student?Are you friends?第39页2.对于于实意意动词，疑，疑问句要求是：当主句要求是：当主语是他是他(he)，她，她(she)，它，它(it)时，句子前，句子前面加面加DOES，并把，并把动词恢复原形；当主恢复原形；当主语是其它人称是其它人称时，句前加，句前加DO，第一人，第一人(I/we)称称换第二人称第二人称(you)。I often go there.You like the music.He goes to work by bus.We/You/They like it.Do you often go there?Do you like the music.?Does he go to work by bus?Do you/they like it?第40页Ex1.请做练习1.Her parents live in Shanghai.否否:Her parents_ in Shanghai.疑：疑：_ her parents_ in Shanghai?.2.You study English.否：否：You study English.疑：疑：you study English?3.How often Tom football?A.is,play B.do,play C.does,play D.does,plays dont liveDo liveDontDo C第41页请把以下句子把以下句子变成否定句和疑成否定句和疑问句。句。1.The sun rises in the east.2.Tom gets up at six in the morning.The sun doesnt rise in the east.Does the sun rise in the east?Tom doesnt get up at six in the morning.Does Tom get up at six in the morning?第42页3.TheyliveinShanhai.4.Iamastudent.They dont live in Shanhai.Do they live in Shanhai?I am not a student.Are you a student?第43页