专四语法知识小结省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

52.as做关系代词引导定语从句as引导定语从句时，能够指人也能够指物，as在定语从句中能够做主语，宾语和表语。惯用结构有：the same.as;such.as;as.as;so.as.第1页e.g:I lend you such books as will interest you.Dont read such books as will defile your mind.She knew he felt just the same as she did.Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.From this library we can borrow as many books as we want to read.Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.第2页64.as引导比较状语从句as引导比较状语从句通常使用“as+系动词，助动词或情态动词+sb”结构，意为“某人也一样”。e.g:Frank is a fine athlete,as was his farther before him.I travel to London every day,as do most of the people who live in this village.Jerry is a good teacher,as are his family.第3页举一反三：举一反三：Heat does not travel by convection in solid,because the solid does not move,_ a liquid.A.and does not B.also doesC.as doesD.as well as第4页专四辅导八专四辅导八知识点小结知识点小结第5页关于完形填空主要测试词汇辨析、习惯使用方法、语法结构词汇辨析、习惯使用方法、语法结构及及逻辑推理逻辑推理和和语篇了解语篇了解等方面知识和能力解题时分“总、分、总总、分、总”三步走。1.对含义显著词汇，固定搭配或习惯使用方法，惯用句式词汇，固定搭配或习惯使用方法，惯用句式等纯语言知识问题，能够边读边随时猜测出答案，包含介介词使用方法，倒装句、虚拟语气词使用方法，倒装句、虚拟语气等固定句型或语法。2.针对在通读过程中未能轻易猜测出答案题目利用上下文中字里行间线索才能猜测出答案。此时，应该先看清题区句法关系，区分句子是简单句、并列句还是主从复合句，并依据语法判断词性，然后依据学生自己生活常识、背景知识与文章主题，猜测该词或短语语义范围。第6页针对最终难关，直接对照选项针对最终难关，直接对照选项利用前两轮已填入选项缩小填空范围，采取排除法，排除不恰当选项，最终敲定答案。3.检验。1).所选单词或短语是否符合本句内容，使上下文连贯友好，与全文意义相协调。2).所选单词或短语是否符合某种固定搭配。3).所选单词或短语是否符合某种句型、时态、语态特殊要求。4).所选词本身或附近词有没有特殊要求，必要时对个别答案仍需推敲，发觉不妥，要重新考虑，但应慎重，无绝对把握，仍应相信第一感觉。在做题时，还需要注意一个现象，即从原文中寻找答案。第7页语法：语法：1.1.非谓语动词非谓语动词（1）非谓语动词否定形式否定形式：not放在整个非谓语结构前面Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life.（2）cannot help but,rather than,sooner than,had better短语后接不带to不定式。He said hed sooner die than betray his friend.（3）He wanted nothing but to stay there.They did nothing but complain.（4）表示已经完成动作或表达主从句谓语动作时间上先后，使用现在分词完成时。如：Having finished his homework,he went to watch TV.第8页（5）当分词有独立主语（不一样于主句主语名词或者代词）时，则是一个独立结构形式。比如：The bell ringing,we all stopped talking.（6）现在分词being在独立结构中往往被省略。如：He came into the room,his face(being)red with cold.（7）动名词动名词名词；习惯性动作名词；习惯性动作 不定式不定式未来；一次性动作未来；一次性动作 现在分词现在分词:动作正在进行；表主动动作正在进行；表主动 过去分词过去分词:动作已经完成；表被动动作已经完成；表被动第9页解题时候需要注意：逗号，连词假如在句子中有逗号但没有连词来连接句子前后两个部分，那么在解题时我们能够考虑方向为：非谓语动词，独立主格或从句。其中：假如只有一个分句为完整句子，而另外一部分没有谓语动词出现，那么我们可考虑为非谓语动词结构或独立主格结构；假如另外一部分也有动词出现，那么考虑从句。假如为非谓语动词结构，接着需考虑逻辑主语及时态，然后选择正确答案。第10页e.g:41.Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth,wheat_ by far the biggest cereal crop.()A.is B.been C.be D.beingThey saw a new movie at the theatre,_ they had dinner at a Chinese reataurant.Athen which B.which after C.after which D.after that(Keys:D,C)第11页There be结构非谓语动词形式1.假如there be非谓语动词结构在句中作主语或状语，使用there being形式，作介词宾语时也使用there being形式。2.假如在there be结构前有介词for出现，都用there to be形式。3.假如在动词want,expect,mean,intend,prefer等动词后，则用there to be 形式。（因为这些动词本身使用方法都为+to do作宾语）第12页e.g：There being a shop here is a great advantage.This depended on there being a sudden changeThere being no buses,we had to walk home.We expect there to be no argument.It is impossible for there to be any more.The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.第13页2.2.虚拟语气虚拟语气（1）在由if引导虚拟条件从句中，假如有were,should,或had中任何一个，那么能够省略if，然后进行倒装，将主语与这些词交换位置。e.g：If the doctor had come last night,the boy would have been saved.=Had the doctor come last night,the boy would have been saved.（2）在“it+is+形容词+that句型中，当形容词为necessary,important,essencial等时，that从句应该用虚拟语气，从句中should通常能够省略。但在表示强烈感情时，should普通不省略，常译为”竟然“之意。第14页e.g:It is strange that he should think of dropping out of school to sell newspapars.(3)would rather+that-clause中，在对未来事情进行虚拟时，that从句中直接用普通过去时。e.g：Id rather you didnt come tomorrow.(4)在It is(high/about)time+（that）句型中，that从句中要用虚拟语气，形式有：sb did sth或者sb should do sth.假如在选项中两种形式同时出现，我们偏向于选择did 形式。Its high time we_ cutting down the rainforests.()A.stopped B.had to stop C.should stop D.stop第15页另外还需注意虚拟语气三种特殊形式：即时间错综，虚实错综及含蓄条件句。e.g:e.g:1.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise,1.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise,she _ something she would regret later.she _ something she would regret later.(D)(D)A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said 2.If the flower had been watered,it _ now.2.If the flower had been watered,it _ now.(A)(A)A.wouldnt die B.is dead A.wouldnt die B.is dead C.had been dead D.will not die C.had been dead D.will not die 3.They _ earlier,but the car wasnt ready.3.They _ earlier,but the car wasnt ready.(D)(D)A.can have left A.can have left B.may have left B.may have left C.will have left C.will have left D.might have leftD.might have left第16页3.3.倒装句型倒装句型（1）as引导方式状语从句中，句子完全倒装。Peter likes sports,as do many of his friends.（2）由only组成短语作状语位于句首时。Only in this way can you solve the problem.(3)so.that.句型中so,以及such.that.句型中such位于句首时。So excellent was the boy that he was admitted to the university.So confused did he become that he didnt know how to start his lecture.第17页(4)as/though引导让步状语从句时，采取倒装，而且需注意特殊形式倒装。Object as you may,I will go.第18页4.4.反意疑问句反意疑问句组成：陈说句+反意疑问部分（前肯后否，前否后肯）几个特殊反意疑问句：Have some tea,wont you?Dont do that,will you?Lets go shopping after dinner,shall we?Please let us have more time,will you?I am good at maths,arent I?You must go home,neednt you?She ought to leave,shouldnt she?第19页5.从句状语从句状语从句（1）注意搭配：no sooner.than,hardly.when（2）表比较结构：a.more/less.than.结构：与其。不如。The child was less hurt than frightened.b.no less A than B结构：A和B一样A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is.c.no more.than B或not.any more than B结构：同B一样不。One minute too late is no more in time than half an hour.第20页d.more than结构The consequence was much more than(what)he imagined.超出。Her performance was more than good;it was perfect.非常，及其Television is more than just an electronics system.不只是，不但是e.not so much as结构not so much A as B 与其说。是A，不如说。是BHenry is not so much a writer as a reporter.亨利与其说是一个作家，还不如说是一个记者。第21页f.not so much as+v结构：甚至不；连。都不I have not so much as heard of him,much less know him.我都没怎么听说过他，更别提认识他了。第22页than作关系代词,普通用在形式为比较级复合句中,其结构为”形容词比较级+than+从句”.than在从句中作主语,相当于than what.e.g:1.The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great more luxurious than_.(1998.44)A.is necessary B.being necessary C.to be necessary D.it is necessary第23页2.There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than _ in the public.(1998.46)A.exists B.exist C.existing D.to exist3.The experiment requires more money than_.(.49)A.have been put in B.being put in C.has been put in D.to be put in第24页定语从句a.只能用that而不能用which情况有：先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；先行词前有Next，last,very,any,little,no等修饰时；现行词是all,much,little,none等时；先行词是不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything时。b.先行词是人+物时，关系词要用that 而不用which/who.c.先行词本身是that 时，普通用which引导定语从句。The predicate is that which is said of subject.第25页d.在who开头疑问句中，若要用关系代词引导定语从句，则用that引导定语从句。Who is the girl that is singing in the hall?e.关系代词在定语从句中作表语只能用that.53.He is quite worn out from years of hard work.He is not the man _ he was twenty years ago.()A.which B.that C.who D.whome.as引引导导定定语语从句，能从句，能够够指代整个句子，位置能指代整个句子，位置能够够在主句前，也能在主句前，也能够够在主句后。在主句后。which指代整个主句，指代整个主句，只能放在主句后。只能放在主句后。第26页名词性从句1）注意由what引导名词性从句，what能够在从句中充当成份。62.Quality is _ counts most.()A.which B.that C.what D.where（2）What能够作关系形容词，意为“尽可能多，全部.”，引导名词从句。We donated what money we had to the Hope Project.我们把全部能捐钱都献给了希望工程。第27页6.情态动词使用方法1.表示”推测”，may,might,must,cant(注意表示推测时不一样时态）2.表示虚拟，should/could/would/need/ought to+have done表示“本应该/本能够/本能够/没有必要/本应该做.而实际上却没有做.第28页7.新题型关于句子成份分析及句意了解（主，谓，宾，定，状，补，表）特殊句式或结构：A is to B C is to Dcome what mayBe+主语+表语1+or+表语2第29页Be he a teacher or a farmer,he should obey the rules.Be you living on your own or living with your families,you can find ways to amuse yourself.第30页词汇题解题能够考虑方向1.将单词还原成我们所熟悉某种形式，如：inclusiveincludecertificatedcertificate2.考虑搭配如：动词与介词 persist in;devote to;相对应名词使用方法也一样，persistance in;devotion to;3.假如包括到动词+介词/副词组成短语，可考虑介/副词普通使用方法，再推测短语意思。如：come off/come out/come on/come up第31页