学士学位英语考前串讲市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

学位英语考前串讲学位英语考前串讲 第1页v近三年命题规律近三年命题规律v命题趋势预测命题趋势预测v精华考点梳理精华考点梳理v高分技能提醒高分技能提醒vQuestions第2页近三年统考命题规律v不超纲、守样题、题型稳v命题难度因年而异v命题材料时效性-阅读、完形填空v作文命题贴切性：紧紧围绕成教特点,让考生有话可说,有话要说。v最惯用语法考点、最显著词义辨析、最轻易忽略短语词组第3页命题趋势预测命题趋势预测v总体而言,试题难度有所加大v阅读材料会增加长度和难度,拉开分数层次v作文依然采取命题提要作文方式,命题由个人小问题逐步转向社会热门大问题v语法项目不会太难,同义词、近义词和惯用词组命题百分比会加重v少出常见会话句型,多出新会话类型第4页精华考点梳理精华考点梳理v会话常考语境及有用句型1.常考交际话题有：介绍自己、同学、朋友等,并对他人介绍做出回应；问路、购物、打电话、就医、求职、提出请求、表示个人好恶与偏爱、谈论天气等。2.上下文语境关系、约定俗成口语习惯使用方法、汉字口语表示干扰（即汉语式英语口语）等从来都是会话测试命题重点所在。第5页会话常考句型vIntroduction（介绍）1.John,mayIintroduceMarytoyou？2.IdlikeyoutomeetMary.3.Haveyoumeteachotherbefore？4.CanIhaveyourbusinesscard?5.Sorry,Ididntcatchyourname第6页会话常考句型vApologies（道歉）Excuseme.Ibegyourpardon.Forgiveme.ImreallysorryfornotkeepingmypromiseWillyoueverforgiveme？Itsallmyfault.IdidntmeanitItsstupidofmetothinkdothat第7页会话常考句型vInvitations（邀请）Iwonderifyoutwowouldliketocometo？Wouldyoubefreetoaconcert(音乐会)onSunday?Whydontyoucomeonaholidaywithus？Weshouldbedelighted(使高兴)ifyoucould第8页会话常考句型vAskingforPermission（请求许可）Doyoumindmydoing？Wouldyoumindmydoing？Woulditbepossibleformetoputofftheworktillalaterday?IwonderifIcouldturntheCDplayeron.第9页会话常考句型vMakingTelephoneCalls（打电话）IsRogerthere?Yes,speaking,please.Imafraidyouvegotthewrongnumber.Holdtheline,please.Hesnotavailablenow.CanItakeamessage?MayIleaveamessage？Ofcourse.HoldonforjustasecondsoIcan第10页会话常考句型vHavingMeals（用餐）Areyoureadytoordernow?Whatwouldyouliketodrink,teaorcoffee？Iprefertodrinkcoffeewithoutsugar.Makeyourselfathome.WewillgoDutch.我们AA制。Tonightsonme.ILLtakecareofthebillcheck.No.Itsmytreat.第11页会话常考句型vAskingtheWay（问路）Excuseme,canyoutellmethewayto？Excuseme,isthistherightwayto？Excuseme,howcanIgetto?Excuseme,doesthisbusgoto.？Howlongdoesittaketowalkthere?Turnrightatacorner,thengostraightto,youwillfind,youcantmissit.第12页会话常考句型vTalkingaboutWeather（谈论天气）WhatstheweatherliketodayinGuangzhou？Haveyouheardtheweatherforecast？Whatdoestheweatherforecastsay?Wellhavefineweatherforthenextfewdays.Whatwillitbeaftertheclearweather？Itsaysastormmaycomesoon.Theweatheristerriblychangeableatthistimeoftheyear第13页会话常考句型vShopping（购物）MayCanIhelpyou？Areyoulookingforsomethingparticular？PleasetryitonDoyouknowwhatsizeyouare？ImafraidwedonthaveitinstockHowareyougoingtopay?Cash,checkorcharge?第14页会话常考句型vShowingAttitude（表明态度）Itscool！Cool！Itisneat(整齐)！Thatsgreat！Thatsincredible(不能相信)！Youarebrilliant(多才多艺)greatterrific(可怕)！Youscaredme！Thatissostupid！Itsapieceofcake(小菜一碟).第15页会话高频句型vThatssomething.vDoyoureallymeanit?vYouareagreathelp.vIcouldntbemoresure.vIambehindyouvMindyou!vYoucancountonit.vIvedonemybest第16页会话高频句型vThat depends vThanks anyway.v Its a deal.vIt is my pleasure vWith pleasurevMe,too(you,too)vTake care,take it easy.第17页会话高频句型vAfteryou.vDonttakeittoheartvWedbetterbeoffvLetsfaceit.vLetsgetstartedvIvedonemybestvIsthatso?vImnotgoingtokid(坑骗)you第18页会话高分提醒v判断对话者意图v分清会话语境v抓关键词和习惯表示v从四个选项中采取排除法,依据对话语境来验证排除剩下正确答案。用翻译法来做会话题型,轻易受汉语干扰而选错答案。v尤其注意同义重复、前肯后否、一正一反等第19页例题分析v选项入手,不看对话内容。用“三最”来排除不符合地道英语表示中式英语选项。Will:SoMasahiro,howsthecoffeemakerworking?Masahiro:Actually,itdoesntworkwell.Anna:Whydontyoutakeitback?Masahiro:_,butIvemisplacedthereceipt.A.IdoB.ItsalreadybrokenC.IdliketoD.ItsnotwhatIwanted第20页例题分析vSusan:Lets;gototherestaurantandhavedinnerrightnow!vMarilyn:OK.Letsgetin.vSusan:Thanks._.A.AfteryouB.YougofirstC.IllfollowyouD.Havefun第21页例题分析v同义重复Visitor:HowdoIgettothebank?Ihavenoknowledgeofthisarea.Policeman:Crosstheroadandturnleftattheotherside._forabout100metersandthebankistoyourleft.vA.ContinueyouwalkingvB.KeepgoingstraightvC.GoalongvD.Goonwalking第22页前否后肯（but标志）vWaitress:Yes,sir,anythingthematter?vCustomer:_,butthissoupistoosalty.vWaitress:Imverysorry,sir.Illchangeitforyou.A.IcantstanditB.SorrytodoitC.IhatetocomplainD.Sorrytobotheryou第23页阅读高分有效做题习惯v1.把握文章主旨大意把握文章主旨大意v2.标注文章重点词和句标注文章重点词和句v3.定位原文定位原文,复检答案复检答案v4.选项比较定答案选项比较定答案v5.主旨态度落最终主旨态度落最终第24页阅读高分有效做题习惯v览找查v一览文章首末段；v二找事实支撑句；v三查答案信号词（因果、并列、递进、转折等）,首字母大写单词；（人名、地名和组织名称）,标点符号信息（破折号、小括号、冒号等第25页阅读选择快速答题技巧两肯两否两肯两否 、前肯后否、前肯后否 绝对词、相对词、委婉词绝对词、相对词、委婉词 同义重复同义重复 一枝独秀一枝独秀,一正一反一正一反 全信全信(信息描述最全信息描述最全)选项为正选项为正,空、半信息为负空、半信息为负 常识判断助选答案常识判断助选答案 题干关键词、选项关键词回放段落中题干关键词、选项关键词回放段落中,三者重合即三者重合即为答案。为答案。第26页语法考点归纳v1.非谓语动词七大考点v2.主谓一致十大考点v3.关系代词和关系副词六大考点v4.虚拟语气八大考点v5.倒装句三大考点第27页1.非谓语动词七大考点v使役动词（使役动词（have,make,let等词）后不定式等词）后不定式要省略但同要省略但同(被动以后要还原被动以后要还原to)vImakeJohnanswerthequestion.vJohnismadetoanswerthequestion.v介词介词to和不定式和不定式to不要混同不要混同,以下短语中以下短语中,to是是介词介词,其后要接名词、代词或其后要接名词、代词或doing第28页to后接名词或动名词词组vagreeto（同意,答应）cometo（抵达,包括到）objectto（反对,不赞成）,getto（开始做某事）relateto（与相关）taketo（从事）accustomto（习惯于）devoteto（致力于）oweto（归功于）,preferto（更喜欢）getdownto（开始认真做某事）lookforwardto（期望,期待）equaltosimilarto（相同）,superiorto（优于,胜过）,sensitiveto（敏感）indifferentto（不关心）,keyto（答案是）,answerto（答案是）19个第29页只跟不定式动词只跟不定式动词vwant,wish,hope,expectagree,allowsbtodo,promise,permitsbtodo,enablesbtodorefuseplan,decide,causesbtodooffer,pretend(假装),managevforcesbtodo,bemorelikelytodo,lovetodo,warnsbtodo,beabletodo,vbeambitious(雄心,野心)todo,begintodo,starttodo24个第30页只能接动名词动词只能接动名词动词vinvolves;resist;risk;hinder(妨碍);insistsuggest;understand;recall;imagine;consider(考虑);mention(提到);admit(允许);avoid;prevent;deny;practice;finish;defer(延缓);delay;postpone;detest(讨厌);dislike;dispute;excuse;explain;escape;forgive(原谅);pardon(原谅);fancy(想要);appreciate(感激);canthelp;enjoy;feellike(想要/喜欢);miss;keep;mind;36个第31页2）主谓一致）主谓一致v由and连接两个或两个以上名词做主语,谓语动词通惯用复数,不过假如主语表示是同一个概念,同一人,同一事时候,谓语动词用单数,这种结构特征是and连接两个词只有一个冠词。vTheknifeandforkisonthetable.vTheknifeandtheforkareonthetable.v类似还有：lawandorder,breadandbutter,blackandwhite,ToloveandtobelovedisAteacherandmotheris第32页v非谓语动词短语、从句做主语谓语用单数vWhatshedidisoutofourexpectation.vSeeingisbelieving.v倒装结构中谓语数与它真正主语数一致,真正主语在谓语之后。vInfrontofthehousestandsabigtree.vInfrontofthehousestandtwoyoungstudents.第33页v就远标准：当主语为togetherwith,aswellas,including,alongwith,with/of,accompaniedwith/by,besides,except,nolessthan,ratherthan+名词所修饰,谓语动词数与主语一致。v就近标准：当主语由or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso连接时,谓语动词与最靠近它主语数相一致。v很多以s结尾单词,看似复数,实为单数,谓语动词要用单数。比如学科分支名词：physics,mathematics,politics,mathematics,athletics,mechanics,economics,acoustics,etc.v表示度量衡（时间,金钱,距离）单位连接名词,作为一个整体,谓语用单数；作为每一个个体,谓语用复数。Twoweeksistooshortatimeforthepreparationofthefinalexam.vTherearetwoweeksbeforethefinalexams.第34页vthe+adj表示“一类人”,谓语用复数；表某一抽象概念或事物时,谓语用单数。Thegoodisalwaysattractive.v由most,half,rest,some,majority,onepercentof+名词做主语,由名词数决定谓语动词数。v由“lotsof,heapsof,loadsof,plentyof+名词做主语,谓语随名词单、复数而改变。由Akind/type/sort+名词做主语,谓语用单数；manya+单数名词/morethanone+名词,表“许多”,谓语用单数；anumberof+复数名词,谓语用复数；Thenumberof+名词复数,谓语用单数。v由morethanof作主语时,动词应与其后名词或代词保持一致。第35页接接doing惯用说法惯用说法itsnogood;itsno/little/hardlyany/use;itsnot/hardly/scarcelyuse;itsworthwhile(值得);spendmoney/time(ondoingsth);theresno;theresnopointin;theresnothingworsethan;whatstheuse/point.第36页v同位语从句先行词：fact,idea,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,opinion,problem,thought,understandingThefactthatshefailedintheexamlastyear.第37页v关系代词who/that指人,which/that指物,当先行词是人与物并列名词时,关系代词要用that。v当先行词是不定代词（all,anything,something,nothing）时,关系代词要用that。v当先行词有only,all,any及最高级修饰时,通惯用that做关系代词。v在从句介词提前定语从句中,非限定性定语从句中,不能用that做关系代词。第38页虚拟语气虚拟语气v（1）should/would+动词原形动词原形dov如：Ishouldgo!butImstillhere!)vIshouldbeworkingnow!(actuallyImplayingnow.)v含含提议提议,假设假设,命令命令动词引导从句用虚拟语气动词引导从句用虚拟语气,should常省略常省略vsuggest,advise,propose,recommend,plan,move（提议)vdemand,order,direct,arrange,command,decide;vrequire,request;think,expect,believe,insist,suspect.第39页v以上动词名词形式、分词、形容词引发主语从句以上动词名词形式、分词、形容词引发主语从句,表语从句表语从句,同位语从句等都用虚拟语气同位语从句等都用虚拟语气should+动动词原形词原形v如：ItssuggestedthatvMysuggestionisthatvTheonlysuggestionthat.vTheonlysuggestionIcangiveyounowisthatvimportant;necessary;essential,advisable,obligatorythat.vIts natural;strange;incredible,imperativevapity;ashame;nowonderv由由lest,forfearthat,incase引发从句中多使用引发从句中多使用should第40页v与未来相反与未来相反If+weretodo,(subject)should/woulddovIfitrainstomorrow,wellhavetostayonedaymore.（也能够接收）v与现在相反与现在相反：If+（pasttense）,(subject)should/woulddovIfIwereyou,Iwouldleaveatonce.vIts(high)time(that);wouldrather(that)从句中用普通过去时。v与过去相反与过去相反：If+haddone,(subject)should/wouldhavedonevHowniceitisifIhad past thetest!vHowniceitisifIhad sleptalittlemorethismorning!第41页vifonly(只要,希望),asif(似乎),asthough(似乎),though,whatif(假使.呢)引导条件句和让步状语从句也表示与事实相反.vHetreatedmeasifIwerehisownson.vHopeIwerentalwayslosingthings!vIfonly/IfIhadnt been there!vWhatifIhadnt been waiting righthere!第42页虚拟语气条件句v在虚拟语气条件句中,if省略,were,had,should置于句首,其它成份位置不便,句子半倒装。HadIbeenthere,Iwouldhavetalkedaboutitwithher.第43页虚拟语气经典考题vitis/was(high/about/the)timethat句型结构v在虚拟语气用于itis(high/about/the)time句型中,虚拟语气中谓语动词惯用过去时,指现在或未来情况,表示“早该做某事而已经有些晚了”。其中that能够省略。如：vItishightimewewenthome.我们必须回家了（暗指有些晚了）vItstimetheyweretaughtalesson.v该句型与以下两种句型区分：v（a）Itstime(+for+sb)+动词不定式。该句型表示“时间刚好准备做某事”,是陈说语气,表示一个事实。如：Itstimeforustohaveoursupper.第44页倒装倒装v全倒装：将句子中谓语动词全部置于主语之前。全倒装：将句子中谓语动词全部置于主语之前。v地点副词置于句首vHerecomesthebus.v这类副词有here,there,now,then,away,up,down,back等,惯用谓语动词come,go,lie,run等表移动动词。v假如主语是代词则不能倒装。vHereitcomes.v介词短语置于句首做状语介词短语置于句首做状语,谓语动词倒装谓语动词倒装Behindthetreehidagirl.vNeither,nor,so表否定或必定表否定或必定,句子要倒装。谓语动词普通用句子要倒装。谓语动词普通用助动词代替。助动词代替。vSoamI.Neitherdidshe.vSo/suchthat句型中so/such位于句首时,句子全倒装vSohappywashethathecouldntspeakoutaword.第45页v半倒装：半倒装：did,does,has,had等助动词提取出来等助动词提取出来置于主语之前置于主语之前,而其它成份位置不变。如：而其它成份位置不变。如：vNotuntilmidnightdidhegotobed.a.否定副词置于句首,句子要倒装：notonly,notuntil,hardly,scarcely,seldom,rarely,nosoonerthan,hardlywhenvHardlyhadhefinishedcooking,whentherewasaknockonthedoor.vb.only+状语（副词、介词词组、状语从句）位于句首,句子半倒装,但only接句子其它成份,句子不倒装vOnlyrecentlydidhenoticehowimportanteducationis.vOnlytheoldestoneofthefamilystayedathome.第46页倒装经典考题v假如陈说部分带有seldomhardlyneverrarelylittlenowhere等否定词,谓语动词要用必定式。v例：Sheseldomwritestoherstepmother,doesshe?v当数个形容词作定语共同修饰一个名词时,普通按照在意义上与名词关系亲密程度来确定其位置。其排列次序以下：a)冠词或指示形容词,b）全部格,c）序数词,d）基数词,e）表示特征或性质词,D大小、长短、高低,D年纪、温度、新旧,h）形态、形状,i）颜色,j）国际、地域、出处,k）物资、材料,1）用途、类别、目标、与相关。v例：anewredscarfvalltheninebeautifulyoungChinesegirlstudents第47页平行结构v这种结构连词有bothand,andaswell,aswellas,both,but,or,nor,notonlybut（also）,eitheror,neithernor,than,whetheror等。处于平行关系部分能够是句子中任何成份,包含名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、动名词短语）、不定式短语、介词短语、分词短语、从句等。但试题中普通以短语和分句平行结构为最多。连接词所连接部分通常在语言形式上趋向一致,或同为不定式,或同为结构一样从句等。v例：Evenasagirl,_tobeherlife,andtheateraudiencestobeherbestteachers.()vA.performingbyMelissavB.itwasknownthatMelissasperformanceswerevC.knowingthatMelissasperformanceswerevD.Melissaknewthatperformingwasv答案是D第48页强调句型经典考题v“Itis（was）十强调部分十that（who）+句子”。不论强调句子什么成分,如时间状语、地点状语等,都用that引出句子其它部分,而不用when,where；在强调人时还可用who（whom）。v例：ItwasmyparentswhosentmethelettervItisonlywhenoneisillthatonerealizethevalueofhealth.v注意：viswasthat结构中be动词只有时态改变,没有数改变,即不论被强调部分是单数还是复数,一律用iswas。被强调部分是从原正常句子中为强调而提取出来那一部分,因而要保持原来形态,是代词主格仍用主格,是代词宾格仍用宾格。vItwasnotuntilthat为强调句型中常见强调时间状语句式。that后用必定式必定式,整个句子意为“直到才”。v例：Itwasnotuntilmidnight_thesnowcappedpeak.vAthattheysightedB.thattheydidnotsightvCdidtheysightD.hadtheysightedv答案是A第49页v假如复合句主语是第一人称,谓语动词是supposethinkbelieveexpect等时,附加疑问句主语就应与从句主语保持一致。Ithinktherewillbealotofstudentsinthelibrarytomorrow,wontthere?v假如陈说部分是第二人称祈使句,后面附加疑问句中要用必定形式will(would)you或否定形式wontyou.v例：Whenyouhavefinishedwiththatvideotape,dontforgettoputitinmydrawer,_?vAdoyouBwillyouCdontyouDwontyouv答案是B第50页形容词、副词比较级和最高级使用方法v当数词用在比较结构中,其次序为“数词+名词+比较级+than。如：v例：Mywatchistwominutesfasterthanyours.我表比你快了两分钟。v有些形容词本身就含有“比年长”、“比优越等含义,所以也就没有比较级和最高级。比如：inferior,superior,senior,junior,prior,posterior等等。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。v例：Shethinksthatsheisseniortoeveryoneelseinthecompany.第51页v形容词最高级作定语时,最高级前通常要加定冠词the,如：themostimportantthing,thebiggestelephant；但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the,如：hismostfamousnovel.v比较级特殊句式themorethemore常表示“越越”.more在此处泛指比较级,此句式特点是前后两句以逗号隔开,句子结构平行,而且谓语动词一致时,为防止重复常进行省略。v比较级特殊句式（not）soasas表示“如同一样,不如”等意思。其结构和than句式相仿,但asas之间形容词必须用原形原形,而且asas必须搭配使用。第52页比较句型考点v比较句式thesameas也惯用来表示“和一样”thesame和as既可连用,也可分开使用。v比较句式notanymorethan和nomorethan“和一样不”。vnomorethan前后比较双方均表示否定,而nolessthan前后比较双方则表示必定。v比较句式notsomuchas；notsomuchthatas（that）but（that）v该句型结构表示“与其不如”意思。第53页易混同常考词汇veconomic(经济学),economical(节约)veffective(有效(+against/in)+to-v),effectual(有效果,奏效)vemigrate(vi,vt移居外国(或外地域)(+from/to),immigrate(vi,vt.迁移;迁入),migrate(vi迁移;移居)vhistoric(历史上著名),historical(历史,史学)vImaginable可想象,往往作后置定语,所修饰名词前常加all,every,only或形容词最高级。imaginary(想象中;虚构),imaginative(富于想象力)vindustrial(工业),industrious(勤奋,勤劳)vpopular(大众,流行),populous(人口稠密)第54页vrespectable(值得尊敬,名声好),respected(受尊敬,),respectful(恭敬;尊敬他人),respecting(关于;在.方面),respective(单个,分别)vvariable(易变,变量),various(不一样;各种各样,形形色色)vvaluable(值钱,有用,有价值(+for/to),valued(贵重;已经过估价),valueless(无价值;没有用处),invaluable非常贵重,无价;无法估价(+for/to),priceless(贵重,无价;稀世之珍),worthless(无价值;无用;不重要)vdamage损害,损毁(使失去价值);损坏,毁坏损坏了(还可以修复),hurt(小刀等)弄伤;(语言等)伤害,destroy破坏,打破(希望,计划).消灭,除灭.歼灭.(无法修复),spoil(损坏;糟蹋;搞糟;宠坏,溺爱),injure(车祸等)受伤,wound(战斗)负伤,harm用于肉体或精神上伤害均可,有时可指引发不安或不便,wounded受伤vaccuse指控,控告;训斥(+of),charge控告,指控(+with);指责;训斥+thatvadapt使适应,使适合(+to),adopt采取;采纳;吸收;收养(+as),adjust调节;改变.以适应(+to),adept熟练,内行(+in/at)第55页vcost,pay,spend,takevsbspendmoney(time)onsthdoingsthsb.pay+money+for+sthittakessbtimetodosthvsb.+takesometime/moneyvsth.+take+sb.+sometime/moneysth.+cost+sb.+somemoney/timevIt+cost+sb.+somemoney/timetodosthvnormal正常,正规,标准(强调符合已建立标准、模型或方式),regular有规律;普通(侧重经常性),average平均;普通,普通;中等,ordinary通常,日常;普通,平凡(指种类普通且不能从其它中加以区分,侧重普通性)vraise及物动词.举起；抬起；提起；提升；增加,rise不及物动词上升；增涨,arise产生,起因于(+from/outof),不及物动词,arouse唤起,唤醒,及物动词第56页vtransplant移植;移种(+from/to),transform改革,变革,改变,指物质之间转换从一物转换为另一物,transfer转移,转让；(工作)调动；(旅途中)换乘,改变路线。,transmit传送,播送;疾病传染,传输;比如在电脑上传些资料等,transport运输vsensitive敏感,灵敏,sensible有知觉,可感知;明智,sentimental.多愁善感,感伤vcontinual屡次重复,频频,不间断,连续,continuous连续,不停vlessen(变小,变少;减轻),lesson(功课,给上课)vassure强调消除疑虑确保,insure强调事先准备以确保,ensure强调实实在在保障,secure表示采取办法排除负面原因从而确保第57页vpersonal个人,personnel名词,员工;人事部门;vprincipal主要,首要,资本,pricinplevhanged绞死;吊死,hung把.挂起;都是hang过去式vtired疲惫,tied出租给雇工居住,系住vlate迟;晚,later较晚,更晚vworth只能作表语形容词,意思为“值”、“相当于价值”、“有价值”、“值得”。后接名词、接动名词主动形式。,worthy可作表语,也可作定语。作定语时意思为“有价值”、“值得尊敬”、“应受到赏识”；用作表语时意思为“值得”、“应得到”,其后接ofsth.,也能够后接todosth.,worthwhile可作表语,又可作定语。表示某事因主要、有趣或受益大而值得花时间、金钱或努力去做,普通做“值得”、“值得做”、“有意义”解。用作表语时,可接动名词或动词不定式vretain保留,留住,记住,obtain得到,取得,remain剩下,余留,maintain维持;保持;维修,保养第58页常考词组vcallfor需要,接(人)calloff取消,喊走callon造访(某人),号召;请求callup打电话;打电话给(某人)vcutdown削减,缩短cutin插话,超车cutoff切除,切断,中止,使死亡cutout删去,关掉,安排vdropin顺便造访dropout脱离,退出(学校等)vgetalongwith与.和睦相处,在.方面进展,应付.getoff动身,免于受罚geton进展,登(车);(上)马getover克服,恢复getin抵达,收获getridof摆脱getthrough办完,经过考试,接通电话getup起床vholdback抑制,妨碍,退缩,隐瞒holdoff(使)不靠近,拖延holdon继续;坚持;保持,不挂断电话holdonto紧握holdover延期holdup延误,妨碍,拦截第59页vgiveaway赠予;分发,泄露giveup让出,放弃givein让步,呈交giveback恢复,反射vcomeabout发生comeacross偶然遇见comeupwith赶上vgoby经过;(时间)过去,错过(机会等)goinfor参加,喜欢goout外出,过时goover受欢迎,察看gothrough经历,被经过goup上升gowrong弄错vletalone更无须说;听任,防止letdown使失望,放下letout泄露,使出去;letin让.进来vlookdownon/upon轻视lookfor寻找lookafter照料lookup查询lookforwardto期望lookinto研究;调查lookout小心;注意lookthrough识破lookover仔细检验第60页vworkout能够处理,设计出,算出,计算出,消耗完,挤出去workfor为做事,为尽力,被雇佣者workat从事,致力于workon激起,激发,影响,不停工作,继续工作workas作为.工作workin引进,配合vmakeuseof利用makefor走向攻击,造成makeout区分出,填写;写出,了解makeonesway成功makeupfor赔偿makeuponesmind下决心makewayto让路;为.开路vputoff推迟;拖延puton上演,穿上putout伸出,熄灭,打搅putup建造putupwith忍受;容忍putintoeffect(practice,operation)实施;执行vrunacross偶然碰到,穿过(道路)rundown撞倒,耗损;用坏runinto撞到,偶遇runoff使流出,印出runoutof用完;耗尽第61页vsetabout着手,开始(做)setaside留出,拨出,不顾;不理会,驳回;取消set