主动表被动的13种情况.doc

主动表示被动的13种情况回顾
一、不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态常见动词是：cut, sell, read,write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。
1. This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。
2. These books sell well.这些书好卖。
3. The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。
4. Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。
5. The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
    二、一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。
1. The apples taste good.
2. The flower smells wonderful.
3. The news proved/turned out true.
4. Cotton feels soft.
    三、不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式；动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义:
用于此结构的常见形容词hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible,convenient, cheap, expensive,（便利的，方便的), 等。
1. The problem is easy to do.
2. The question is difficult to answer.
3. The box is heavy to carry.
4. The project is impossible to complete in a year.
5. The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。
6. The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。
7. I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。
8. They think it difficult to finish the work in such bad weather.他们认为在这样恶劣的天气里很难完成这项工作。
9. That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。
10. She was as easy to please as her father.  她如她妈妈一样容易取悦。
    四、Need, want, require（要求，需要）, deserve(应得，值得), be worth值得），not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。
1. The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
2. The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。
3. These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. 这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。
4.  Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 你的头发该剪了。
    五、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。
1. I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系）
2. Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。（与room有动宾关系与Tom 有主谓关系）
3. He has a family to support. 他要维持一个家庭。（与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系）
    六、在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:
1. Who is to blame for starting the fire? 这场火灾应由谁负责?
2. You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备。
3. The house is to let.此房出租。
4. A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。
    七、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到), look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)等, appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
例如:
1. Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。
2. Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口。
    八、一些与can''t(不能)或won''t(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演), write(写)，cut(砍，切)，wear(穿，戴)等,用作不及物动词时，用主动表被动。例如:
1. The door won''t open.这门打不开。
2. It can''t move.它不能动。
    九、一些动词如sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等与副词如well(好), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用 ,描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如:
1. The book sells well. 这种书很畅销。
2. These clothes wash easily. 这些衣服很易洗。
3. The pen writes well. 这笔很好写。
    十、主语much, a great deal, little, what等，其表语如是不定式，则用不定式的主动表被动。
1. What is to do? 做什么？
2. Much is to do. 太多要做的事。
    十一、在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果是现在分词时，所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。
1. There is nothing doing these days. 这些天没事干。
2. I see there’s a good idea planning. 我知道又在打好主意。
   十二、不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit, have,  marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch， agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
   十三、不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
   appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand，
   break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.

   The fact remains to be proved.事实尚待证明　比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
　(错) The price has been risen.
　(对) The price has risen.
　(错) The accident was happened last week.　　　
　(对) The accident happened last week.
　(错) The price has raised.　　　　　　　　　　
　(对) The price has been raised.
　(错) Please seat.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　(对) Please be seated.