表语和表语从句.doc

表语与表语从句
I 什么是系动词：
系动词亦称连系动词(Link Verb）,作为系动词，它本身有词义，有人称和数的变化，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
说明:有些系动词只在特定词义下才为系动词，因为它们可能是实义动词,该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语。 例如:
He fell ill yesterday.（fell是系动词，后跟表语，说明主语情况.）
He fell off the ladder。　(fell是实义动词，单独作谓语）。
II 系动词的种类
1．状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词。例如:
He is a teacher.　他是一名教师。(is与表语一起说明主语的身份.）
2．持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep， remain, stay， lie, stand。例如:
He always kept silent at meetings。　 This matter remains a mystery。　
She remained single for her life. It stays warm today。
He lay sick in bed. We will stand firm。
3。 感官系动词
感官系动词主要有look， feel， smell， sound, taste。例如：
 You looks tired。 You’d better have a rest.
This kind of cloth feels very soft. I decide to buy some.
The flowers in the garden smell very sweet, which makes me feel very comfortable。
 Medicine tastes bitter， but it’s good to our health.
4. 变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become， grow， turn， fall， get, go， come, run, make.例如
He became mad after that.　
She grew rich within a short time.　
He turned teacher later.
He fell ill last week.
He will make a good manager.
这类系动词只有表示变化时是系动词，它们可以做实意动词,表示其他意义.
5．表像系动词
用来表示”看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem, appear,。例如：
He seems very sad.
He appeared unhappy.
6．终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out， 表达“证明是"，“结果是"之意。例如：
The rumor proved false.　
The search for the lost boy proved difficult.　
His plan turned out a success。
III什么是表语？
放在系动词后面,构成系表结构用来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况的成分被称为表语.
IV 什么可以做表语：
名词,代词, 数词, 形容词，方位副词，介词短语，非谓语（to do， doing, v-ed），和表语从句
The garden is very beautiful.
Modern paintings are not to my taste。
Reading and writing are different skills.
The air in the garden was warm and fragrant。
My book is over there.
When I called him, he is not in。
The fact is that he didn’t break the window.
This film is very interesting。
My dream is to travel around the world.
They were disappointed when I told them the result。
V 表语从句
　　在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词有三类：
　　第一类：连接词：that（无任何词意），whether， if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性），它们在从句中均不充当任何成分。
　　第二类：连接代词：what， whatever, who， whoever， whom， whomever， whose, which，whichever,它们常在从句中做主语、表语、宾语或定语.
　　第三类:连接副词:when， where， how, why它们常在从句中做状语。
另外 as if/though和because也可引导表语从句。表语从句位于连系动词之后.其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + 从句。例如：
　　The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
　　That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
　　This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在.
　　That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain。 看上去天要下雨了.
He didn't come to school yesterday。 That’s because he was ill。
**需要注意的是：
1。 当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：
　　The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 。
【注意】whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句. 例如：
The problem is whether we can get enough money to finish the project.
2. 若句子的主语是suggestion, advice, desire， order， request， demand， 等表示要求、命令、建议等意义的词,则表语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”.例如：
My suggestion is that we (should) set off at once。
Our demand is that we should get what we deserve.
Practice
1。 It makes her worried ___ she is putting on weight.
A. while B. that C。 if D. for
2. ___ is a fact that great changes are taking place in our school.
A。 There B. This C. That D。 It
3。 ___ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A。 If B. Whether C。 That D。 Where
4。 Do you remember ___ he came? Yes， I do. He came by car。
A. how B. when C。 that D。 if
5。 The grand hotel has been completed， but we don’t know ___ come into use。
A。 how long it will B. how long will it C。 how soon will it D. how soon it will
6。 Did you see my umbrella？ Yes。 It’s ___ you left it.
A。 there B. where C。 there where D. where there
7. I remember ___ we had our lessons in a shed。
A. when B. which C. where D。 what
8. After ___ seemed a very long time， I opened my eyes and found myself in bed！
A. what B。 when C。 that D。 which
9。 I'm so hungry that I’ll eat ___ you give me.
A。 however B. whatever C。 whichever D。 whenever
10. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ___ shares her interests。
A. anyone B。 whomever C。 whoever D。 no matter who
11。 You can't imagine ___ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A。 how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
12。 No one can be sure __ in a million years。
A。 what man will look like B。 what will man look like
C。 man will look like what D。 what look will man like
13。 Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn't like ___ it used to be.
A. what B。 how C. which D。 that
14. I can’t make sure ___ the key to the lab。
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put
C。 where has Alice put D。 where Alice has put
15. He himself didn’t realize ____。
A。 what great progress was he making B。 he was making what great progress
C. what he was making great progress D. what great progress he was making
16。 ___ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. anyone B. The person C。 Who D. Whoever
17。 __ I was free that evening。
A。 It happened to B. It happened that C。 That happened D. It is happened that
18。 The trouble is __ we are short of hands.
A what B. that C。 how D why
19. —What about seeing a film? -The question is ___ we’ll have enough time。
A. that B。 if C。 when D. whether
20。 Energy is ___ makes things work。
A anything B. something C。 what D。 that
21. The thought ___ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A。 which B. that C. when D。 so that
22. We were warned ___ the journey would be dangerous.
A. if B。 whether C. how D. that
23。 They have no idea at all___.
A。 what does this word mean B。 what this word means
C。 that is the meaning of this word D. what kind of a meaning is this word
24. They didn’t realize at that time ___.
A。 they had got what a useful invention B。 that what a useful invention they had got
C。 what a useful invention they had got D. that they had got what a invention
25. ___ you have seen both fighters， ___ will win?
A. Since, do you think who B。 When, whoever
C. As, who you think D. Since, who do you think
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