宾语补足语总汇知识讲解.doc

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宾语补足语总汇
六、具体说明：
（一）副词作宾语补足语
　　　I found him in yesterday.
（二）常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, make, find等。
如：We must keep our classroom clean.
（三）常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, make, think等。
如：We call them mooncakes.
（四）常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, find, keep等。
如：In the country, we can hear birds singing.
（五）常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, find, leave等。如：I left my pen on my desk at home.
（六）不定式作宾语补足语
1. 常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, want, teach, wish等；
2. 接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, make, let advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause等。如：
I often see him play football.
She often asks me to help her.
We don't allow such things to happen again.　　
Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke.　　
She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.　　
Please remind me to leave her this note.　　
She requested him to go with her.　　
3. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明：
①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。
如：I often help my mother(to) do some housework.
②在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：　一感二听三让四观看。　
一感：feel　
二听：hear, listen to　
三让：let, have, make
四观看：observe, see, watch, look at
这类动词有：make, let, have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式 (have没有被动语态)。　　What would you have me do?　　　
你要我做什么？　　She made him give up smoking.　　
她让他戒了烟。　　Let him do whatever he wishes to do.　　
他想干什么就让他干吧。
Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.　　虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了
3. 掌握“使役动词 have + 宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义
在“ have ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语， have 也可用 get 。这一结构具有以下几种含义：
①意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如：
He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.
他明天想去检查眼睛。（“检查”的动作由医生来进行）
②意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。例如：
Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt. 当心，否则会弄伤手的。
③意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。例如：
He had the walls painted this morning.
他今早把墙漆了。 （主语自己可能参与）
④动词不定式也可作一些短语动词的宾语补足语。
I'm waiting for James to arrive.　　我正等着詹姆斯的到来。
He's arranged for a car to pick them up at the station.　　
他已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。
The UN has called on both sides to observe the cease fire.　　
联合国号召交战双方遵守停火协定。
（七）分词作宾语补足语
用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
　1. 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。例如：
There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself heard.
　　由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。
When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.
他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。
2. 几种用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况说明：
①表示“意欲；命令”的动词，如 like, want, wish, order 等，可用过去分词
作宾语补足语。例如：
The father wants his daughter taught the piano.
这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
②感官动词 see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如：
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
③使役动词 have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如：
Have you got your films developed? 你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有？
④“ with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）
With water heated, we can see the steam.
水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）
With the matter settled, we all went home.
事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）

V.+宾语+宾补 高考全解析
“动词+宾语+宾补”的试题是高考试题中常考的知识点，这里呢，我就高考常考的能跟接“宾语+宾补”复合结构的动词进行着重讲解，以帮助大家掌握这一知识点： 一、“make+宾语+宾补”的用法
“make+宾语+宾补”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当，例如：
(1)A good friend is someone who makes you happy.（形容词作宾补）
(2)They made me repeat the story.（省to的动词不定式）
(3)He raised his voice to make himself heard.(过去分词作宾补) 注：“make+宾语+宾补”结构中不用现在分词充当宾补。
(4)We made him monitor of our class.（名词作宾补） 注：职务名词充当宾补时其前面不要加冠词。 【高考试题链接】
1. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _____ in his lectures.(07江苏卷)
A．interested B．interesting C．interest D．to interest
2. My parents have always made me about myself, even when I was twelve. A．feeling well B．feeling good C．feel well D．feel good
答案：1.A 2.D
二、“with+宾语+宾补”的用法
“with+宾语+宾补”是高考试题中考查十分频繁的结构，“with+宾语+宾补”结构中的宾补主要有形容词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式等，在考题中常要求选择宾补的形式，在选择时宾补空间该使用什么形式，主要限决于宾语与宾补的关系，主动关系用现在分词，被动关系则用过去分词，此外，不定式作宾补要表示含义为将来的意味，例如：
(1)With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.(宾语so many people与communicate是主动关系，因此用现在分词作宾补)
(2)With everything he needed to buy, he went into the store.(不定式作宾补表示将来的含义)
(3)With everything he needed bought, he left the store.(过去分词作宾补表被动表完成)
(4)With my key lost, I couldn’t enter my room.(过去分词作宾补)
(5)With nothing to do, I went out for a walk.(不定式作宾补)
(6)I went out with the window open.(形容词作宾补) 另外，“with+宾语+宾补”结构中还可由介词短语、副词短语来充当宾补，如：
(1) She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.
(2) He left the room with the light still on. 【高考试题链接】
1.—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. —Sorry. With so much work ______ my mind, I almost break down.
A．filled B．filling C．to fill D．being filled
2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______ he gladly accepted it.
A．finished B．finishing C．having finished D．was finished
3. I couldn’t do my homework with all the noise______.(05北京)
A．going on B．goes on C．went on D．to go on 答案：1. B 2. A 3. A
三、“have+宾语+宾补”的用法 在“have+宾语+宾补”这一结构用法中，充当宾补的常用的有do，doing, done和adj，例如：
(1) I’ll have my hair cut this afternoon.我今天下午要理发。
(2) I won’t have you saying to your mother that way.
(3) He realized that she did not wish to have her go with him.
(4) I expect Amy will have the tea ready directly. 注意：have sth done的含义为“请别人来做某事或遭遇到某到情况”，例如： (
1)I had the door painted last week.
(2)He had his pocket picked.
(3)She had her watch stolen. 【高考试题链接】
1. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _____ in a short period.
A．improved B．improving C．to improve D．improve
2.—Did Peter fix the computer himself? —He _____, because he doesn’t know much about computers.(07安徽卷)
A．has it fixed B．had fixed it C．had it fixed D．fixed it 3.You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it _____ often enough.(05天津) A．explaining B．to explain C．explain D．explained
答案：1. A 2. C 3. D
四、“find+宾语+宾补”的用法 “find+宾语+宾补”这一结构中的宾语补足语可以由现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及不定式to be等来充当。分别举例如下：
（1）You will find it a very difficult book.
（2）The youth found it a hard problem to think about.
（3）When he came to himself, he found himself surrounded by a group of boys. （4）I hope to find you in better spirits when we meet again.
（5）I find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.
注意：find+宾语+宾补这一结构中通常不使用动词原形来充当宾语补足语，即没有“find+宾语+动词原形”这样的结构。 【高考试题链接】
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen.(03全国卷) A．smoke B．smoking C．to smoke D．smoked 答案：B。 五、“leave+宾语+宾补”的用法
Leave+宾语+宾语补足语，其中宾语补足这一成分可以由过去分词、现在分词、形容词、介词的复合结构等来充当，分述如下：
1．由过去分词来充当宾语补足语：leave sth/sb done，常用来表示宾语所处的状态或表示动作已经完成。
(1)Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions unanswered.
(2)He got up slowly leaving the lunch unfinished.
(3)Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened? △可用于被动语态： Hi！My patient can’t be left unattached.
2.由现在分词来充当宾语补足语：leave sb/sth doing,常用来表示使某人或某物一直做某事： (1)Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain.
(2)They went off together and left me sitting there. (3)We left him painting the gate. △可用于被动语态： Now the temple has only its walls left standing. The papers were left lying around.
3.由形容词来充当宾语补足语： (1)You’d better leave the drawing-room door open. (2)His illness has left him weak. △可用于被动语态： The window was left open.
4.由介词的复合结构充当宾语补足语： (1)Leave him in peace! (2)His illness left him with a weak heart. (3)You’ve left her name off the list. △可用于被动语态： I was left without a ray of hope. 【高考试题链接】
A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left______.(06天津卷) A．unsatisfied B．unsatisfying C．to be unsatisfying D．being unsatisfied 答案：A
六、“hear+宾语+宾补”的用法
“hear+宾语+宾补”这一结构中的宾补常可以由现在分词、不带to的不定式、过去分词等来充当，如： Through the wall he could hear Harris cleaning his teeth. She could hear the rain pattering against the windows. Have you ever heard a pop song sung in Japanese? I won’t hear anything said against him behind his back. 【高考试题链接】 After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice _____ him.(07上海卷) A．calling B．called C．being called D．to call 答案：A。
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