人居城市的景观设计-外文.docx

Advanced Materials Research Vols. 919-921 （2014） pp 1655-1658 Online： 2014—04—17
© （2014） Trans Tech Publications， Switzerland doi：10.4028/www.scientific。net/AMR.919—921。1655
Landscape Design of Residential Environment in City
HuiMin Cui1, a
1The Department of Environmental Art Design， Environmental Management College of China,
Qinhuangdao， Hebei, 066004， China
aqhdchm@
Keywords： Living Environment， Landscape, Matter Element, Mental Element
Abstract. With the improvement of living standards， people living concept has changed, from the previous focus on practical， price and other factors, to put forward higher requirements on the natural ecological residential area landscape， environment greening. This paper first analyzes the residential district environmental landscape elements and design concepts, gives some principles of environmental landscape design in residential area, and finally puts forward the residential landscape design starting point。
Introduction
With the rapid economic growth， the accelerated pace of city of our country， a period of rapid development has entered the population into the city。 Therefore, in the construction and management of human settlements had hitherto unknown crisis and challenge. At the same time, with the improvement of living standards, people living concept has changed greatly, from simple ”survival living" to ”high quality living”， people want to close, return to nature， in the purchase of performance is from before only focus on practical， prices and other factors， to put forward the higher natural ecological residential areas of the landscape， environment greening [1].
Elements and Design Concept of Residential District Environmental Landscape
Landscape design is a strong new subject borderline， comprehensive. Environmental landscape design of residential refers to the environmental landscape design of residential building; its elements are the material elements and spiritual elements。 Residential landscape， directly affects the quality of life of residents [2］。 The landscape architect's goal is the residential landscape environment and residential building organic fusion， for the residents to create reasonable in economy， social and psychological function of convenience and comfort， safety and health and beautiful living environment.
Mental Element。 Mental element in the form of residential district environmental landscape， the spiritual content， is the people’s psychological needs， is the environmental landscape in the feelings of people's minds, in the psychological resonance。 Different regions, different age, different occupation， status, cultural values of the residents， the residential landscape environment requirements are different。 Mental element content including residential landscape environment theme, conception, residential environment, history， humanistic spirit, these are reflected through the material。
Matter Element. Jug, God， these are the lake, humanistic spirit， these are the elements represented by the elements of residential district environmental landscape constitution， is the visible, tangible， is there really is in the living space。 Based on people's visual， tactile， olfactory and other sensory stimuli and perception, appreciate. As professor Wu Lanyon points out in ”generalized architecture": ”the human living consists of two essential components: one is the artificial part. Two is the natural component, two together; they constitute the ’environment’.
The natural elements: natural element refers to the living environment, topography and geomorphology old district base， including the original buildings, structures, trees, old trees, rivers and lakes， the original slope terrain, roads and underground pipelines. Artificial elements: Based on the protection and use of natural elements， according to the specific conditions of residential base， through artificial means, to create a comfortable and pleasant environment landscape。 Residential landscape is divided into soft and hard landscape.
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Soft landscape plant landscape： refers to the natural plant flowers and trees。 In the residential landscape environment, soft landscape occupies a very important position. On the one hand, from the area of view， usually accounts for more than 70％ of the green area; on the other hand, they not only have the certain ornamental， but also contribute to the ecological function of healthy people。 Green plants can purify the air, absorption of toxic gas in the air， and exhale oxygen; can isolate and reduce noise; can regulate the temperature, improving the residential environment microclimate. In view of this, quality soft landscape of residential district, directly affecting the ecological, residential landscape environment comfort， ornamental and the public on the residential environment of identity, in the residential landscape design should pay special attention to。
Hard landscape： refers to the residential areas in addition to plant landscape outside the landscape elements. The so-called hard, containing the civil means, through the completion of civil construction landscape。 Including the road landscape, recreation, landscape architecture （pavilion， corridor， landscape sketch （flower), sculpture， signs etc.）, Waterscape, rockery landscape, landscape lighting etc。.
The landscape design in residential district, including the soft landscape and hard landscape organization, design, is the use of certain design skills, will constitute the elements of landscape according to certain rules， the form and design ideas are combined into a comprehensive environmental landscape system， the ultimate goal is to make the whole residential district environmental landscape system has the effect of ecological, functional and ornamental, and coordinated with the city environment.
Residential District Environmental Landscape Design Principles
The Principle of Natural Ecological Landscape. The landscape design in residential district， in the premise of respect， protection of natural ecological resources， according to the principle and method of landscape ecology, making the best use of ecological landscape, flowers and trees, topography， soil and animal nature of sunlight， air, climate factors， rational layout， design， create close to residential areas green landscape of nature。
People Oriented Principle。 Construction of environmental landscape of the residential area is to create comfortable， healthy， ecological city residential buildings. As the main living area, people have a material and spiritual demand for residential environment ［3]。 Communication specific physiological， safety， recreational and aesthetic requirements， environmental landscape design is first to understand the various needs of the tenants， on the basis of design. In the design process， should pay attention to the people’s respect and understanding， emphasis on human care。 Reflected in the distribution， the venue space settings, outdoor furniture and landscape sketch scale and so on, so that they in the communication, leisure, activities， enjoy the scenery is more comfortable, convenient， to create a more healthy environment, more affinity for residential environment。
The Principle of Territoriality。 The landscape design in residential district highlights the regional characteristics, the full performance of base of natural landscape and historical and cultural traditions， so that the landscape design is rooted in the local soil.
The Principle of Economy. The landscape design in residential district, in the premise of the use function, reduces the cost as much as possible. It must take into account environmental landscape construction costs， but also to the management and operation after the completion of the cost。
The Residential Landscape Design Starting Point
Considering the Suit One's Measures to Local Conditions to Carry on Design Layout. First, consider the local climate, customs， customs, habits and the surrounding environment characteristics, and understand the history and present situation of the land， the development trend of. Contact with the natural environment and human this suit one’s measures to local conditions， combining with the historical environment, design layout to ecological principle, cultural principle， the most easy to
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accept and agree to the local residents. Secondly， considering the morphology of the original topography within the base is different, in the overall layout of the residential landscape environment， the first to implement the ”respect for nature” and ”sustainable development” ideas， in respect of the original natural topography condition, layout design and the maintenance of foundation base original natural ecological balance.
Third, consider the use of residential areas outside the natural landscape resources。 Residents living environment can be divided into two categories： residential outdoor environment and indoor living environment。 In the modern city， a measure of the people living level， the quality of the living environment is. In the design, use of various design techniques， the residential area around the ornamental value of the natural， cultural landscape resources into the residential area of landscape sequence, or as a visual intersection， or echo each other at a distance, to create a pleasant natural landscape of residential district.
Considering the Diversity of Landscape Space to Create。 A good living environment, should feel safe, comfortable and convenient, in which residents. Design of landscape space should be created through the landscape environment of residential district green space; to meet the needs of different social groups， ages and different interest groups， to meet the needs of residents were all outdoor activities。 Design of landscape space， should also be dynamic， static binding, open, closed and white. Through to the underground， semi underground garage terrain processing overhead layer, use， create a multi—level green landscape space. The scattered high and low, rich layers of flowers and trees, flower beds， stone stool sketch, the outdoor activities space of residential area in a piece of green trees， the outdoor activity space to show diversity in form, content, nature， landscape and so on， to achieve ecological， function, landscape, convenience， diversity.
Consider the Ecological Landscape Creation。 Plant landscaping, the formation of the level of rich, green landscape system combined with point, line, surface. Reside. Residential green environment is the external performance of the living environment of the image, has a very practical matter and spirit function。 Not only can play the sunshade, sound insulation, wind and sand, sterilization， clean air， improve the micro climate and many other functions, but also can beautify the environment， enhance people’s sense of identity and sense of belonging。 Point， refers to the residential area of public green space， green groups, is a landscape node green landscape system in residential area, residential area residents of outdoor public space; line, refers to the protection of green surrounding residential area in the landscape greening， residential zone; surface， the area of residential areas in the largest the daily life of residents， and most close to the residential green space.
Increasing plant diversity， build ecological plant community stability。 Increasing plant diversity includes the diversity of plant landscape level, diversity of plant species diversity and landscape color. In the environmental landscape design in residential area, increase the diversity of plant species, ecological layout form of natural plant communities. One is to increase the amount of green， improve the ecological benefits of plant community; two is plant landscaping， can form a hierarchy， color is rich, diverse plant landscape。 For ecological communities to form a stable， in the selection of plants， attention should be paid to the selection of appropriate tree, native tree species. Plant community， composed of native tree species structure is stable； growing well， but also reflects the local characteristics of the residential district environmental landscape.
Three—dimensional green increases the residential area of green quantity and ecological effect. Three—dimensional green, including green roofs, wall greening, greening, pergola greening balcony window, is one kind does not occupy the ground forestation, can increase the green area， further combine the green landscape and architecture, the green space and indoor space blend with each other， permeability。 Green quantity stereo greening can not only increase the living area， soften the building straight lines, so that the building and greenbelt form a natural transition, but also can reduce the roof, wall materials， thermal radiation, reducing the heat island effect local， improve residential microclimate， roof greening as in building insulation building top surface increases， can reduce the top floor indoor temperature， environmental protection and energy saving effect of ecology。
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Summary
Residential landscape environment is an important part of city environment， but also the public life for the longest time, closest place. Residential district environmental landscape design, to improve the natural ecological consciousness， we should plant landscaping， to create a good ecological environment， improve the quality of ecological environment of the residential area， the harmonious coexistence of man and nature. At the same time， but also to meet the residents of various activities, to create a variety of outdoor activities for the residents of the green space， convenient for residents， leisure activities, communication. More prominent regional cultural features， make residents feel the humanistic spirit of place in residential environment can, meet residents’ physical and psychological needs of residential environment
References
［1] G。X。 Liu, T。G. Zou. Landscape Design and Method of Extenics。 Journal of Architecture, Vol.8 (2010)， p.9—11
［2］ K. Zhen。 Analysis of Landscape Design Elements。 Science and Technology Information, Vol.13 (2011）， p.362—363
［3] G. W。 Li， X。 J。 Cai。 The Ethical Landscape Design. Landscape Engineering， Vol.13 (2006)， p.36-39
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