英专综合教程6册课文翻译及课后答案Answertounit2.doc

Chinese Translation of Paragraphs1.电话的发明，产生了一个始料不及的后果，书写过时了。诚然，全职的写字工仍然存在，包括记者、学者以及职业写手。大型商业中心仍然很有必要保留一些能草拟备忘录、会议纪要、新闻稿或者合同的人。但是在举笔和拿起话筒之间选择的话，大多数人都会走便道，让手指有时还有大脑休息片刻。2.与之相比，当前计算机网络上发生的现象就更为惊人了。每个夜晚，当人们本应该看电视的时候，成千上万的计算机用户坐在键盘前，点击进入“电脑服务”、“奇才”、“美国在线”或互联网，并开始打字 发电子邮件、发布信息、聊天、夸夸其谈、谩骂，甚至创作短篇小说和诗歌。当麦克卢汉所说的媒介正在淘汰莎士比亚时代的媒介时，网络世界正经历着18世纪以来信件书写最为迅猛的发展。3.“我确信电子邮件和网上会议正在教会整整一代人写文章是多么有用，可以灵活到何种程度，”旧金山纪事报的专栏 作家乔恩卡洛尔这样写道。石山图书出版社的编辑帕特里克尼尔森海顿把当今的电子公告板比作18世纪末19世纪初的“文字盒”：这是个小盒子，盒内的文章在多人间传递，每人经 手时都会增加一些句子。来自亚利桑那大学的副主编大卫塞维尔则将网络写作喻为马克吐温在19世纪60年代在旧金山所发现的文学景象，“当时人们将新闻报道嫁接到夸张的民俗传统故事之中，创造了新的新闻报道方式 ”。更有甚者，有人想起了汤姆潘恩和美国革命时期政治小册子作家，甚至还想起了伊丽莎白一世时期，古腾堡活字印刷术的发明，令一代英国作家沉迷在语言之中。4. 可是这种比较又引出一个问题：如果说当今的网络写作代表了某种复兴，但为何这么多网络作品又如此糟糕呢？网络写作可能会低劣不堪：文体拖沓、漫无边际、愚蠢幼稚、不合语法、拼写糟糕、结构不当，有时甚至毫无内容可言，正如网络上典型的短信息所示：“嗨！1！我觉得金属乐队酷毙了！1 ！”5. 当然，原因之一就是电子邮件不同于常规写作。“你得把它看成是写下来的话，”康涅狄格州西港镇的文学作品经纪人杰勒德凡德勒恩如是说，此人是最近在网络上窜红的文体家,“这种东西和咖啡屋里的闲谈相差无几，但和书信相差甚远。它们不用储存保留，而是要删除遗忘。”许多网络 公告内设“实况”计时系统，利用计算机系统中基本的文字处理器，这类公告以分钟收费，往往一小时后不给提示就自动关闭。6. 这并不是说，所有的网络作家多花一点时间都能生产出惊世之作。网上许多小说和诗歌都属二流水平或者更差，这倒并不足为怪，因为入这行的门槛太低了。“在现实世界中，”芝加哥诗人玛丽安妮穆罕拉吉说，“文学作品要出版，要做非常辛勤的劳动，这自然就剔除了大量的垃圾。而在网络世界，区区几次按键就可以将自己的作品发给成千上万的读者。”7.但是尽管劣质诗歌充斥泛滥，网络上仍有珍宝可寻。以笔名“记忆术”发贴的华盛顿律师迈克戈德温讲述了乔格林的故事。格林是克雷公司的技术文档撰写人员，他通过犀利地批评在一个名为“娱乐艺术诗”讨论组上发现的诗作，将这个行将湮灭的讨论组变成了名符其实的诗歌创作工作坊。这触怒了一些人。他们说，如果他是个诗神，为什么不在组内发表自己的诗作？”戈德温回忆说，“他不但发表了自己的诗作，而且把他们彻底镇住了。”还有格林的缘定明尼苏达，一部记录他与一位网 络写手会面的仿史诗作品，则成了互联网上备受尊崇的经典之作。该书开篇写道：“实际上我去见马克的时候，打扮得像坎特伯雷故事集中的人物。您一定认为这太难了，但我想 给人留点印象 。”8. 与此同时，在那些平庸点的技术与政治讨论组，大量写手纷纷涌入，频频鼓噪，以期夺人耳目，于是达尔文适者生存的法则开始应验。芝加哥的软件设计师乔恩巴格说：“网络上竞争激烈 ，要想脱颖而出，就必须在风格上下功夫。”网上的好作品通常风格明快、机智简练。不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华市卡毕兰诺大学的写作教师克劳福德基利莲说，“网络媒介偏爱简洁。它的思想单元就是简短的段落、公告式的标题和单行的句子。”9.有些最为成功的网络作品是在网上会议中产生的。写手们通力协作，思想相互碰撞，最后擦出火花。最好的例子或许可以首推加州索萨利托市颇受记者青睐的社区网站“井”的公告板。此处讨论的水准通常很高，包括纽约时报和华尔街日报在内的好几家出版机构都曾经节选刊登过“井”上的内容。10. 奇怪的是，在网络上行得通的事在纸上未必也能行得通。网络写手可随意用奇怪的缩写和用标点符号构成的“笑脸”那些表达日常交谈中的眨眼、笑容和怪相的笑脸点缀自己的文章，而且行文十分流畅。另一方面，从书本和杂志上复制的美文贴到网络公告板上，却往往显得冗长虚假。职业作家如不根据这种新媒介与时俱进，作出调整，要与反应敏捷的网络写手一争高下，只能沦为自以为是的吹牛狂人。在华盛顿传播日报负责报道网络文化的记者布洛克米 克斯说：“网上有一帮黑客青年，他们的串字水平远远高于那些出身名校的同龄人，这是因为他们总是在线，不停地写啊、写啊、写啊。”11.网络技术蕴含着某种民主的 甚至是革命性的 因素。它不仅赋予数以千计的未来作家发言权，否则他们也许永远不会从事这个行业，而且它也把以前从未有谋面的不同阶 层的人们齐聚一堂：学生、科学家、老市民、电脑迷、公告 板狂热草根（通常为蓝领）以及最近加盟的在职新闻工作者。12. “这种事很容易搞得荒唐琐碎，”石山图书出版社的尼尔森海顿说，“毕竟我们每个人大部分的生活都是荒唐琐碎的。我意思是说，真的，难道“笑脸”不荒唐琐碎吗？登陆名为“雌狐”的得梅因家庭主妇难道也不荒唐琐碎吗？”13. 可是话说回来，无视电脑信息板的存在，或者低估一辈子匆匆撰写电邮的生活对青年一代作家的影响，都将是错误的。电脑网络或许不是布鲁克农场或环球剧院，但它确实代表了无数人的生活方式 ，一种鲜活的文字生活。不难猜想，当年的吟游诗人倘若遇到互联网，也可能会立即上线并且永不下线。III. Language Work1. Explain the underlined part(s) in each sentence in your own words.1) Which makes whats happening on the computer networks all the more startling. surprising2). Just when the media of McLuhan were supposed to render obsolete the medium of Shakespeare, the online world is experiencing the greatest boom in letter writing since the 18th century. out of date; expansion3). David Sewell, an associate editor at the University of Arizona, likens netwriting to the literary scene Mark Twain discovered in San Francisco in the 1860s. compares . to4). For it can be very bad indeed: sloppy, meandering, puerile, ungrammatical, poorly spelled, badly structured and at times virtually content free. careless; winding/pointless; childish/silly5). Gerard Van der Leun . has emerged as one of the preeminent stylists on the Net. has become known as; the most important/superior6). That is not to say that with more time every writer on the Internet would produce sparkling copy brilliant7). Greens Well Met in Minnesota . is now revered on the Internet as a classic. respected and admired 8).Its so competitive that you have to work on your style if you want to make any impact. make a strong, immediate impression9). Not only has it enfranchised thousands of would-be writers who otherwise might never have taken up the craft, but it has also thrown together classes of people who hadnt had much direct contact before. given the right to; have been engaged in10).But it would be a mistake to dismiss the computer-message boards or to underestimate the effect a lifetime of dashing off E-mail will have on a generation of young writers. say that it is not important enough to think about or consider; not realize how large or great the effect would be2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1). He dismissed the economists as teenage scribblers (scribble) who wanted to get their names in the newspaper.2). Mobile phone technology is developing so quickly that many customers are concerned about obsolescence (obsolete).3). Some unusual fish have rudimentary (rudiment) legs.4). The trial was a mockery (mock) the judge had decided the verdict before it even began.5). She feels great reverence (revere) for her professors.6). He takes plenty of vigorous (vigor) exercise.7). The presentation was a collaborative (collaborate) effort by all the children in the class.8). Its about time we democratized (democracy) the organization of this company.9). My brother is a keep-fit enthusiast (enthuse).10). I dont know why he gets so upset about something that is utterly trivial (trivia).3. Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with a phrase taken from the box in its appropriate e across | make an impression | side effect | liken topress release | confront with | lace up | dash offinherent in | hark back | blow away | weed out1). The Department of Transport has issued a press release about the proposals for the new motorway.2). Hes always harking back to his childhood and saying how things were better then.3). She dashed off the letter in five minutes.4). The first round of interviews only really serves to weed out the very weakest of applicants.5). He comes across as a bit of a bore in interviews.6). They blew away the other team in the second half of the game.7). Does this drug have any side effects?8). He made quite an impression on the girls at the tennis club.9). She can lace up her shoes and shes only five!10). She seems completely unaware of the contradictions inherent in her professed point of view.11). Shes been likened to a young Elizabeth Taylor.12). I thought I would remain calm, but when I was confronted with the TV camera, I became very nervous.4. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.1). The leisure industry is booming. is developing very fast2). The feeling of intoxication that followed her victory was cut short by her fathers sudden death. excitement3). The sparkle went out of her after her husband died. She became unhappy4). We havent got a hope in hell of meeting such a tight deadline. We have no hope5). He came out with a gem about the absurdity of the situation. clever or pleasing remark 6). And did reason prevail over emotion? overcome/defeat/triumph over7). The speakers aim was to spark the reformers into action. cause the reformers to act8). This web site is currently under construction. being created9). We need to decide this democratically. based on the wishes of most people 10). Ian took up the story where Sue had left off. continued5. Correct the errors in the following passage. The passage contains ten errors, one in each indicated line. In each case, only one word is involved.Corrections should be done as follows:Wrong word: underline the wrong word and write the correct word in the blank.Extra word: delete the extra word with an “.”Missing word: mark the position of the missing word with a “” and write the missing word in the blank.Dear or Hey? When was the last time you began a message with Dear? Probably in a covered letter to a potential employer youd never met before, or perhaps even to your great-grandma harking her for that fruitcake decayed in the re-gift pile. Theres no question that the use of Dear is dwindling and Hey is taking off. As the formal letter dies out, so too has he use of Dear. With E-mail, tweets, IMs and texts rapidly exchanged throughout our tech-savvy lives, its only natural that our language and way of communicating has become more relaxed and formal. We live in the age of brevity where 140 characters are just enough, so whos got time for Dear or even any salutation at all? But its not only about the essence of time, its also semantic. Dear comes to as too formal or simply plain creepy and overly intimate. And between men, the use of it can appear a bit too effeminate. If “Hey” is a pat on the back, then Dear is its masculine cousin with a kiss on the cheek. Most business etiquette experts overall say its alright to drop Dear in an E-mail, but it should be used in a formal business letter. Weuse Dear because someone is dear to us, but because we understand the standards of business writing and recognize the standards of intelligent business people. Chris Allison, a 36-year-old international trade analyst, says he uses “Dear” only when he doesnt mean it: “I find that I am most likely to start a letter with Dear exactly when the recipient is less dear to me, probably because I have never met the person.” So, its “Hey” for friends and colleagues and “Dear” for distant relatives, divorce lawyers and banks? Got it!(1)cover(2)decaying(3) over(4) informal(5) is(6) semantics(7) across(8) feminine(9) dont(10) least6. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.Net WritingIn the July 4 issue of Time, theres an article (1) entitled “Bards of the Internet” by Philip Elmer-Dewitt, subtitled “If E-mail represents the renaissance of prose, why is so much of it so awful?” After reading the article, I wrote to him in a longish E-mail response that what had struck me about (2) writing on the Net was how “good” it is. That (3) difference of perspective is what I want to talk about here.Now, I can recognize crappy writing, what PED is getting at when he (4) describes online writing as often “very bad indeed: sloppy, meandering, puerile, ungrammatical, poorly spelled, badly structured and at times virtually (5) content free.” Thats actually a better characterization of freshman composition (which I used to teach) than of the Net. Fact is, people write (6) better here than they do in (7) class. In class, youre writing up, to an artificial (8) audience, an authority figure who enforces rules that you had no (9) part in drafting; on the (10) Net, youre writing to a vast audience of peers who are collaborating with you in creating an entirely new set of (11) rules. You can still “fail” because theres still a hierarchy, but as John Barger suggests, its an emergent one, generated by all the readers and (12) writers who make up a newsgroup audience, conference, or whatever. IV. Translation1. Translating SentencesTranslate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in brackets.1). 她一直努力把自己重新塑造成一位演员。(reinvent as) She kept trying to reinvent herself as an actress.reinvent as / reinvent yourself: to change the way that you behave or the things that you do so that people think of you as a different kind of person2). 导演的新片回归到早期的电影风格。(hark back to) The directors latest film harks back to the early years of cinema.hark back to something to remember or talk about something that happened in the paste.g.They always hark back to what they call the good old days.3). 教授指出了那位博士提出的新理论中一些内在的缺陷。(inherent) The professor pointed out some of the inherent defects of the new theory proposed by that doctor.inherent adj. an inherent quality is a basic or essential feature that gives something its charactere.g.The design of the building had inherent weaknesses.4). 即便在今天，有些传统风俗在农村地区仍然流行着。(prevail) Even today some of the traditional customs still prevail in rural areas.prevail vi. to exist at a particular time or in a particular situatione.g.a report on the economic conditions prevailing in the countryA friendly atmosphere prevailed among the crowds in the park.5). 禁烟运动对年轻人产生了不小的影响。(make an impact on) The anti-smoking campaign made quite an impact on young people.make an impact on/in: to make an effect, or an influencee.g.Internet shopping has begun to have a serious impact on traditional bookshops.Shes an excellent athlete who is already making a real impact in world competition.6). 她的报道文章言简意赅。(terse) Her newspaper articles are terse and to the point.terse n. a terse statement or remark is very short and often shows that the person making it is annoyed7). 这一事件引发了一场两国之间的外交争端。(spark) The incident sparked a diplomatic controversy between the two countries.spark vt. to make something happen, especially something involving violence or angry feelingse.g.The protests were sparked by the firing of two restaurant employees.The trial sparked off widespread rioting in London.8). 他的英语作文错误很多，因为他是在截止日前匆匆写出来的。(dash off) There were many mistakes in his English composition, because he had dashed it off just before the deadline.dash off: to write or draw something quickly because you are in a hurrye.g.I sat down and dashed off a couple of notes.9). 所有的售货员似乎都带着同样假惺惺的微笑。(phony) All salespeople seem to have the same phony smile.phony adj. someone who is phony pretends to be friendly, clever, kind etc.10). 你有没有想过从事工程师这一行？(take up) Have you ever thought of taking up engineering?take up: to start doing something regularly as a habit, job, or intereste.g. I took up smoking when I was at school.Chris has taken up jogging.2. Translate the following passage into Chinese. Fifteen years ago, computer experts expanded the Internet system. This expansion was called the World Wide Web. It permits computer users to find and exchange written material and pictures much quicker than the older Internet system. The Internet and the World Wide Web have become vehicles for speedy information exchange for most people who can use a computer. Much of the information on the Internet is very valuable. As a research tool, the Internet has no equal. Almost any kind of information can be found through the Internet. There are electronic magazines that deal with ghost stories, poetry, or childrens stories. There are areas within this electronic world where you can play games, discuss politics, science, history, farming, or just about anything that interests you. You can look at and collect the beautiful color pictures taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. You can listen to music or watch videos. You can watch musicians perform their latest songs. You can even join a group that meets electronically to discuss the music of their favorite rock and roll music group参考译文