2021广东增城市高考英语语法填空及阅读类课外自选练习(5)(答案).docx

2021广东增城市高考英语语法填空及阅读类课外自选练习（5）（答案）
语法填空。阅读下面短文，依据句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当 的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16〜25的相应位 置上。
THE 2,298-kiIometer Beijing-Guangzhou High-speed Railway 16_____ (official) opened to passengers on December 26，2022. It is the world’s longest high-speed rail route. The 17 (design)speed of the track is 350 km︿, though speeds during the initial period of operation will be limited to about 300 km/h. The new route cuts the travel time between Beijing and Guangzhou 18 almost two thirds, from 22 hours to roughly eight hours .On December 1, 2022，not long before the opening of the Beijing-Guangzhou High-speed Railway, the Harbin-Dalian High-speed Railway, 19_____ first high-speed line ever to cross land that lies frozen for almost half a year, began operations, 20_____ allows passengers to appreciate the view off the coast from Dalian in the morning, 21_____ the winter snowscape of frosty Harbin in the afternoon .At present the total 22_____ (long) of high-speed lines in China 23_____(reach)9,349 km. With four main lines 24_____ (run) east-west and four north-south, the country’s high-speed train network is the world’s largest. China plans to expand 25_____ high-speed railway network to 50，000 km by 2022, to cover almost all large and medium-sized cities.

【参考答案】语法填空：
16. officially 17. designed 18. by 19. the 20. which
21. and 22.length 23. has reached 24.running 25. its

完形填空。完型填空。阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从以下题所给的AB、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Farley worked for the Canadian government. One day, he was __1__ to learn more about wolves. Do wolves kill lots of caribou（北美驯鹿）? Do they kill people?
They gave him lots of food and clothes and guns. Then they put him on a plane and took him to __2__. The plane put him down and went away. There were no houses or people in this place. But there were lots of animals and lots of wolves.
People tell terrible stories about wolves. They say wolves like to kill and eat people. Farley remembered these stories, and he was __3__. He had his gun with him__4_.
Then one day, he saw a group of wolves. There was a mother wolf with four baby wolves. A father wolf and another young wolf lived with them.
Farley watched these wolves every day. The mother was a very __5__ mother. She gave milk to her babies. She gave them lessons about life. They learned how to __6__ food. The father wolf got food for the mother. The young wolf __7__ the children. They were a nice, happy family—wolf family! Farley did not need his __8__ any more. In a short time, he got on well with the family. Farley watched them for five months. He learned that many stories about the wolves were __9__. Wolves do not eat people, and they do not eat many large animals. And he also learned bad things about men. It was men who killed many caribou and wolves.
Later, Farley wrote a book about wolves. He wanted people to __10__ them and not to kill them.

名师点评
狼历来被世人视为凶残的动物,事实是否的确如此呢？带着这一疑问，Farley进行了实地考察在和狼进行了零距离的接触后, 转变了自己的观点。本文告知我们要学会依据事实说话。

()1. A. seen B. told C. heard D. found
【解析】B。Farley是政府工作人员。从上下文得知, 他是被派去进行调查和争辩狼的习性的，故选told。
()2. A. a small town B. a big city C. a far place D. a lonely village
【解析】C。依据下文飞机把Farley送到了一个没有房屋和人的地方, 说明白这个地方不行能是城市,小镇和村庄故a far place为正确答案。
()3. A. afraid B. happy C. angry D. tired
【解析】A。狼吃人的恐怖故事给孤身一人的Farley带来的应是afraid。
()4. A. at times B. all the time C. once a week D. every afternoon
【解析】B。由于Farley可怕, 所以枪应始终不能离身。all the time意为“始终、始终”。
()5. A. bad B. good C. hungry D. thirsty
【解析】B。依据下文的描述，狼妈妈给孩子们喂奶，对孩子们进行训练，可见是一位好妈妈，故选good。
()6. A. cook B. make C. get D. pick
【解析】C。狼只能猎取食物, 而不能烧食物, 生产食物。get合乎文意，为正确答案。
()7. A. shouted at B. looked into C. laughed at D. played with
【解析】D。shout at意为“朝……大声叫喊”；look into意为“调查、观看”；laugh at意为“赞扬……”。这三个词组都不符文意。play with意为“和……一起玩耍”，合文意为正确答案。
()8. A. food B. clothes C. gun D. plane
【解析】 C。the nice happy wolf family让Farley不再可怕，因此也就不再需要枪了，故选择gun。
()9. A. not good B. not true C. not easy D. not clear
【解析】B。由于他的亲身体验与他所听到的相违反，说明以前关于狼的说法是不对的, 故选not true。
()10. A. grow B. have C. teach D. understand
【解析】D。understand意为“了解”合乎文意，为正确答案。

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2021·太原市二模，B)
MARCH 05, 2021
TOKYO (AFP)—A father froze to death while sheltering his nineyearold daughter from severe weekend snowstorms that swept northern Japan. Mikio Okada, one of at least nine people killed as snowstorms swept across Hokkaido (北海道), died as he tried to protect his only child Natsune against winds of up to 109 kilometers per hour in Yubetsu, Hokkaido, as temperatures fell sharply to minus 6 degrees centigrade.
Okada's body was uncovered by rescuers looking for the pair after relatives raised the alarm. Natsune was wearing her father's jacket and was wrapped in his arms. The pair had last been heard from at 4 p. m. on Saturday, after fisherman Okada picked his daughter up from a school where she was being looked after while he was at work. Okada called his relatives to say his truck had become stuck in the driving snow, which was several meters deep in places. He told them he and Natsune would walk the remaining kilometre. The two were found just 300 meters from the truck at 7 a．m. on Sunday.
Okada had his body bent over his daughter, gently holding her in his arms and apparently using his body and a warehouse wall to provide shelter. The small girl was taken to hospital, where she was found to have no serious injuries. Her father was officially pronounced dead by doctors at the same hospital.
The newspaper Yomiuri said Natsune's mother had died of illness two years earlier. The paper quoted neighbors as saying Okada had been an extremely caring father who would often delay the start of his working day to enjoy breakfast with his daughter.
His death came as families all over Japan celebrated Girls' Day, a festival in which they gather at home and decorate houses with dolls. “He reserved a cake for his only daughter and was looking forward to celebrating Dolls' Festival together，” a neighbor told the Yomiuri.
文章大意：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在日本发生的一场暴风雪，父亲为了疼惜女儿被冻死的感人故事。
8．When the disaster happened, the father and daughter were ___
A．returning home after visiting relatives
B．just 300 meters away from home
C．driving home after a visit to a hospital
D．on their way home from the girl's school
答案：D　细节理解题。依据文章其次段第三、四句“... after fisherman Okada picked his daughter up from a school... his truck had become stuck in the driving snow...”可知，D项正确。
9．Which of the following doesn't show the father's love for his daughter?
A．Okada called his relatives to say his truck had become stuck.
B．Okada had his body bent over his daughter.
C．Okada had been looking forward to Dolls' Festival.
D．Natsune was wearing her father's jacket.
答案：A　细节理解题。文章其次段第四句“Okada called his relatives to say his truck had become stuck in the driving snow...”只是在陈述一个事实，并不能显示父女情深。故A项正确。本题可用排解法。
10．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The relatives were not careful enough and raised the alarm too late.
B．No one cared for Natsune at home while her dad was at work.
C．The rescuers' delay resulted in the avoidable death.
D．Okada had just celebrated Girls' Day with his daughter before he died.
答案：B　推理推断题。依据文章其次段第三句“... where she was being looked after while he was at work”可推知，在Okada上班时，没有人照看女儿。故B项正确。
11．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A．9yearold girl made orphan in snowstorm
B．Snowstorm takes away 9yearold girl's father
C．Father dies sheltering daughter from snowstorm
D．Japanese dad dies in snowstorm
答案：C　标题概括题。依据文章第一段第一句及对文章的整体描述可知，C项做标题最恰当。

【阅读理解】
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.
1. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .
A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.
B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in
C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths
D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease
2.Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?
A. Afraid. B. Curious. C. Approving. D. Uninterested.
3. How does the passage mainly develop?
A. By providing examples. B. By making comparisons.
C. By following the order of time. D. By following the order of importance.
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To stress the role of dirt.
B. To introduce the history of dirt.
C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.
D. To present the change of views on dirt.
【参考答案】1—4、CA CD