牛津译林英语九年级下册9B知识点(二).doc

9B牛津译林版Unit2知识点1、 In 1966, he went into space as command pilot of Gemini 8. He and David Scott managed to join two spacecraft together for the first time in space.(P22,lines9-12) 1966年，他作为“双子座8号”宇宙飞船的飞行指挥进入太空。他和戴维.斯科特成功地将两个航天器在太空首次交会对接知识点：manage 的用法1） 完成(困难的事)；勉力完成 eg: In spite of his disappointment, he managed a weak smile. 尽管他很失望，他还是勉强露出一丝淡淡的微笑。2） manage to do 成功做某事 eg: We managed to get to the airport in time. 我们设法及时赶到了机场。3） manage with/without sb/sth 能解决(问题)；应付(困难局面等) eg: I dont know how she manages on her own with four kids. 我真不知道她一个人是怎么养活她那四个孩子的。2、However, on their way back to the Earth, the spacecraft began spinning out of control.(P22,lines12-13) 但是，在他们返回地球的途中，宇宙飞船开始旋转，失去控制。知识点：control的用法1） 作动词，有“掌管，管理，控制”的意思。 eg：By the age of 21 he controlled the company. 他21岁就掌管了公司。 Parents should control what their kids watch on television. 父母应该限定孩子看什么样的电视节目。2） 作名词，有“权利，限制，管理”的意思。 eg: The party is expecting to gain control of the council in the next election. 该党期待着在下次选举中获得对地方议会的控制权。 The teacher had no control over the children. 那位老师管不住学生。 Hes reached retiring age,but hes still firmly in control. 他虽然已到退休年龄，但仍大权在握。3） out of control 失去控制，不受操纵 eg: The car went out of control and hit a tree by the road. 车失去了控制，撞上了路边的一棵树。3、 Armstrong received the order to cut the flight short. He successfully brought the spacecraft down into the western Pacific Ocean.(P22,lines13-15) 阿姆斯特朗街道缩短航程的指令。他成功地使宇宙飞船落入西太平洋。知识点：order的用法&cut.short1） 作名词，有“顺序，次序；指示，命令”的意思。 eg：The names are listed in alphabetical order. 姓名是按照字母顺序排列的。 in chronological order/numerical order 按时间顺序/数字顺序 (for sb to do sth)/(to do sth) eg: He gave orders for the work to be started. 他下令开始工作。 The general gave the order to advance. 将军下令前进。2） 作动词，有“命令，指挥；订购订货”的意思。 eg: The company was ordered to pay compensation to its former employees. 公司被勒令向以前的员工作出补偿。 These boots can be ordered direct from the manufacturer. 这些靴子可向厂方直接订货。4、 She also pushed for the use of X-ray machines, which are now widely used in hospitals.(P30) 她还推动了X光设备的使用，这种设备现已在医院广泛使用。知识点：定语从句，从句which are now widely used in hospitals作定语，是非限制性定语从句，对主语中的X-ray machines起补充说明的作用。限制性和非限制性定语从句1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。2) 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开， 例如：This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮是我们上个月买的（非限制性）3) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的， 例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。4) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。*说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。