高中教案英语句子成分析.doc

英语句子成分
I 教学内容
英语句子八种成分
英语简单句基本句型

II 教学目标
1. 知识目标：学习和掌握英语句子成分和简单句基本句型
2. 能力目标：简单句基本句型的识别和运用
3. 情感目标：通过英语句子成分和基本句型的学习，为讲和写完整正确的英语句子打下坚实的基础，树立起学好英语的信心。

III 教学重难点及方法
1. 教学重点：理解英语中构成各成分的词性
2. 教学难点：学习和运用基本句型
3. 教学方法：explaining, discovering & practicing

IV 教学步骤
Step1 significance
英语是由单词——词组——句子——段落——篇章构成，环环相扣，相辅相成，英语中的句子处于一个适中的位置，可以看作是英语中连接低级和高级的纽带。学习单词和词组的时候，我们往往要举例子来理解和运用单词和词组，与此同时，句子又是组成段落和篇章的基本单位，因此学习句子成分和结构是非常重要和必要的。
学习句子成分要会判断它是由什么词性的单词来充当该成分的，并且要学会判断句子中的各个成分，学好了该部分的知识，对于我们学习难句和分析长句十分有帮助，只有掌握了句子的构成和简单句的基本句型，我们在讲英语和写英语时才能讲出/写出完整正确的句子，才能切实去提升我们的表达和写作。

Step2 the sentence elements
英语句子成分可分为8种：
主语（subject）; 谓语动词（predicate）; 表语（predicative）；宾语（object）；宾语补足语（object complement）； 定语（attribute）；状语（adverbial）；主语补足语（subject complement）

一． 主语：是一句的主体，是全句诉说的对象，简单来说就是谓语动词之前的部分，往往由名词（n.），代词（pron.），数词，非谓语动词形式以及句子来充当。
1. Walls have ears. →名词
2. He will take you to the hospital. →代词
3. Three and four is seven. →数词
4. To see is to believe. →To do 不定时
5. Smoking is not allowed in public places. →Doing 动名词
6. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. →句子

T：相信同学们对主语还是不陌生的，关键要会判断到底是什么成分充当主语。要注意非谓语动词形式和句子作主语的情况。

二． 谓语
T: 谓语由什么来充当呢？
S：动词
T: 不错，谓语的确是由动词来充当的，具体来说是什么样的动词呢？
S1：be动词和实义动词
S2：及物动词和不及物动词
S3：系动词和实义动词
T：非常好，你们的回答都是正确的，谓语除了由动词构成，还可以由动词短语以及助动词/情态动词+动词来组成。
1. Action speaks louder than words.
2. The chance may not come again.
3. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.

三． 表语：位于系动词之后，构成系表结构，说明主语的特质，特征，状态等。注：系动词又叫连系动词，本身有词义，但不能单独作主语。
常见的系动词：
“状态”类：be
“变化”类：get/become/turn/grow/go
“感官”类：taste/smell/look/sound/fell
“持续”类：stay/keep/remain
其他：（似乎）seem/appear
（证明是）prove/turn out to be
表语常由形容词（adj.），名词（n.），代词（pron.），数词，介词短语，to do不定式，句子构成。
1. Everything here is expensive. →adj.
2. My father is a professor. →n.
3. Who’s that? It’s me. →pron.
4. Three times five is fifteen. →数词
5. The story of my life may be of help to others. →介词短语
6. His plan is to seek work in the city. →to do
7. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. →句子

四． 宾语：表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。
位置：一般放在动词/动词短语之后介词之后
宾语往往由名词，代词，动名词，数词，to do不定式，句子，介词+名词充当
1. She covered her face with her hands. →名词
2. We haven’t seen her for a long time. →pron
3. Do you mind opening the window? →动名词
4. Give me four please. →数词
5. He wants to dream a nice dream. →to do
6. We need to know what others are doing. →句子
7. We should care more about our friends. →介词+名词

五． 定语：修饰名词
位置：
定语常由名词，名词所有格，数词，形容词，序数词，to do形式，现在分词doing和句子来充当。
1. They are women workers. →n.
2. Tom’s father didn’t have a car. →名词所有格
3. Mary is a beautiful girl. →adj.
4. The play has three acts. →数词
5. This is her first trip to Europe. →adj./序/ to do
6. China is a developing country. →doing
7. Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. →从句

六． 状语：表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。
1. I left the village five years ago. →时间状语
2. The best fish swim near the bottom. →地点状语
3. I arrived late because of the traffic jam. →原因状语
4. We’ll send a car to fetch you. →目的状语
5. The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bone. 结果状语
6. If he goes, so will I. →条件状语
7. Though he is a child, he knows a lot. →让步状语
8. The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. →伴随状语

七． 宾语补足语：英语有些及物动词（vt），接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义，状态等。
“宾语+宾补”构成复合宾语
宾语常常由名词，形容词，介词短语，非谓语动词来充当
1. They elected me captain of the team. →n.
2. We try to make our country strong. →adj.
3. We found everything in good order there. →介词短语
4. I should advice you to get the chance. →to do
5. I saw him going upstairs. →现在分词doing
6. They found the house broken in. →done

八． 主语补足语。如过上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语变成主语，原宾补→主补
1. I was elected captain of the team.
2. Our country will be made strong.

Step3. Practicing
将下列句子翻译成汉语并找出它们的主语，说出是什么词充当的主语。
1. Little streams feed big rivers. (小河流入大江)
2. He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑)
3. Smoking is bad for your health. （吸烟对你的健康不利）
4. The disabled are to receive more money. (残疾人得到了更多的救济金)
5. Whenever you are ready will be fine. (你无论什么时候准备好都行)

翻译下列句子并划出各部分的句子成分
1. I am reading.
2. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 谓语、状语
3. All I could do was to wait. To do 作表语
4. She is in good health. 介词短语作表语
5. This is where I first met her. 表语从句
6. Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 主补
7. He must be the best violinist alive. 定语
8. We have two children, a boy and a girl. (一男一女)同位语
9. They all wanted to see him. Pron.作同位语
10. She plays the piano. 宾语
11. She likes to go to the cinema this afternoon.
12. Leave the door open. 宾补
13. We found John out when we arrive. 宾补

Step4 simple sentence structure
基本句型：主语+系+表语
主语+谓语
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
主语+ 谓语+宾语+宾补

1. 主语+系动词+表语 S+V+P
Eg：our city is at the crossing of some important railways.
The city will become rich.
Practicing:
（1） 你的故事听起来很有趣。
（2） 把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏。
（3） 这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。
（4） 这个计划证明是可行的。

2. 主语+谓语（vi）
Eg：Building has started.
The train leaves at 7:40.
动词副词搭配：The teacher teaches well.
The child walks very slowly.
动词介词搭配：The girl looked at the picture.
The children ran to the forest.
Practicing:
小鸟在树上欢快的唱歌，鱼儿在池塘里自由的嬉戏，我玩的很开心。

3. 主语+谓语+宾语 S+V+O
Eg: The boss employed five more workers.
My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.
He forgot to close the door.
Practicing:
（1） 他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。
（2） 他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。
（3） 他许诺给我一个礼物。

4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
Eg: He has fetched us some new textbooks.
Grandma cooked us a nice meal.
The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.
归纳：接双宾语的常见词有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise
Practicing:
（1） 顺便问一下，他把钱给你了吗？
（2） 下学期谁教你们生物？
（3） Mr. White 告诉我为什么出国。

5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
Eg：The villagers didn’t allow them to do this.
We found him a very good pupil.
Practicing:
（1） 我建议他多读点书
（2） 他修了机器。
（3） 我们选他当班长。

Step5. Summary
学习英语句子中的成分并学会在句子中去划分成分，对于后期我们处理长难句非常有帮助。通过判断和划分句子成分，找到句子主干，就可以充分的，正确的理解复杂的句子。同时在写作中也不易犯语法错误，尤其是在写长句时。解决选择题也是一样，分析句子成分，明确横线处缺什么成分，应该用什么性质的词来担当该成分，那么问题就迎刃而解了。
举例：Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “ that’s I was born.”
A. When B. how C. why D. where
解析：很明显，that’s I was born.是一个主系表结构，缺表语再来看I was born 是一个句子，那说明是用句子来作表语，根据意思“医院”和“我出身”是什么关系？→“我出身在这个医院”是“我出身”的地方，那么肯定是用where来引导的一个地点状语从句。
You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you’ll have to help those people with different disabilities.
We found the hall full.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People’s Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大堂里坐满了学生和老师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。

课后反思

1. I can swim very well.
2. The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me.
3. The rain has been pulling down for a whole day.
4. Jim asked you give his best wishes to everyone.
5. You must get the car ready by tomorrow.
6. I have a lot of clothes to be washed.
7. My being late worried my teacher.
8. That president himself would visit our school excited all of us.
9. His uncle left him some money.
10. April’s Day is the special day of the year when you play a joke on someone.

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