英语中的十六种时态.doc

英语中的十六种时态

一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
完成进行时态
现在
do/does
am/is/are doing
have/has done
have/has been doing
过去
did
was/were doing
had done
had been doing
将来
shall/will do
shall/will be doing
shall/will have done
shall/will have been doing
过去将来
should/would do
should/would be doing
should/would have done
should/would have been doing
一、一般现在时
1.概念:表示经常发生的情况;有规律出现的情况;总是发生的;和事实真理2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, everyweek (day,year, month…·), once a week(day,year, month…), on Sundays( on Mondays…·),
3.基本结构:动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)
4.否定形式:主语+am/is/are+not+其他;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don’t,如主语为第三人称单数,则用 doesn’t,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.例句: It seldom snows here.这里很少下雪。 He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助别人 Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩

二、一般过去时
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week , last year , night , month . ) , in 1 9 8 9 , just now at the age of 5 , one day , long long ago , once upon a time
3.基本结构:主语+动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词
4.否定形式:主语+was/were+not+其他;在行为动词前加didn’'t,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句: She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。 i didn' t know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙

三、一般将来时
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2时间状语: Tomorrow, next day(week, month,year…·) soon , in a few minutes , by , the day after tomorrow , etc .
3.基本结构:主语+am/is/are+ going to+do+其它;主语+wi1l/ shall+do+其它
4.否定形式:主语+am/is/ are not going to do;主语+will/ shall not do+其它
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;wi1l/sha1l提到句首。{首字母大写
6 .例句 : they are going to have a petition with us in studies It is going to rain.天要下雨了

四、一般过去将
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语: The next day( morning \,year……),the following month(week…·),etc
3.基本结构:主语+Was/were+ going to+do+其它;主语+ would/ should+do+其它
4.否定形式:主语+was/were+not+ going to+do;主语+ would/ should
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首; would/ should提到句首
6.例句: He said he would go to beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。 asked who was going there.我问,谁要去那里。

五、现在进行时
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2时间状语:Now, at this time,days,etc.look, listen
3.基本结构:主语+be+ doing+其它
4.否定形式:主语+be+ not + doing+其它
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。6.例句: How are you feeling today?你今天感觉如何? He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。

六、过去进行时
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2时间状语: at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构主语+was/ were + doing+其它
4.否定形式:主语+Was/were+not+ doing+其它
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写)
6.例句: At that time she was working in a pla unit.那段时间她在人民解放军部队工作。 When he came in, i was reading a newspaper.他进来时,我正在读报纸。

七、将来进行时
1.概念:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时间开始,并继续下去的动作。常用来表示询问请求等。
2时间状语:Soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time , in two days , tomorrow evening
3.基本结构:主语+ shall/will+be+现在分词+其它
4否定形式:主语+ shall/wi1l+not+be+现在分词+其它5.例句: This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的这个时间,他们正坐在电影院。 He won’ t be ing to the party.他不去参加聚会了。

八、过去将来进

1.概念:表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,主要用于宾语从句中,尤其多用于间接引语中
2.基本结构: should/ would+be+现在分词
3.例句: They said they would be ing他们说了他们将要来。 He said he could not e because he would be having a meeting .他说他不能来因为要开会

九、现在完成时
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:yet, already,just, never,ever, so far, by now,S1nce+时间点,for+时间段, recently, lately,ln the past few years , etc .3.基本结构:主语+have/has+p.p(过去分词)+其它
4.否定形式:主语+have/has+not+p.p(过去分词)+其它
5.一般疑问句:have或has放句首。
6.例句: I've written an article.我已经写了一篇论文。 The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years在过去的几年,农村发生了巨大的变化

十过去完成时
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2时间状语: Before, by the end of last year(term, month…·),etc.
3.基本结构:主语+had+pp(过去分词)+其它4.否定形式:主语+had+not+p.p(过去分词)+其它
5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。
6.例句: As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.当我们到车站的时候,火车已经开走了。 By the end of last month , we had reviewed four books .到上个月底,我们已经复习了四本书。
7.基本结构:主语+had+p.p(过去分词)+其它
①肯定句:主语+had+p.p(过去分词)+其它②否定句:主语+had+not+p.p(过去分词)+其它
③一般疑问句:Had+主语+p.p(过去分词)+其它
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

十一、将来完成时
1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语: by the time of; by the end of+时间短语(将来); by the time+从句(将来)
3.基本结构:主语+ be going to/will/ shall+have+p.p(过去分词)+其它 
4.例句：by the time you get back , great changes will have taken place in this area .到你回来的时候,就将发生巨大的变化。

十二、过去将来完成时
1.概念:表示在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作,常用在虚拟语气中,表示与过去的事实相反。
2.基本结构: should/ would have done sth
3.例句: i thought you'’ d have left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。 He told them he would have finished it by 8 o clock .他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完

十三、现在完成进行时
1概念:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。
2.基本结构:主语+have/has+been+ doing+其它
3时间状语: Since+时间点,for+时间段等。
4. 例子: i have been sitting here for an hour.我已经在这里坐了一个小时。 The children have been watching tv since six o ' clock .从6点起,孩子们一直看电视

十四、 过去完成进行时
1. 概念:表示某个正在进行的动作或状态,持续到过去某个时刻,还未完成,一直持续到之后的当前才结束。
2. 基本结构:主语+had+been+ doing+其它
3.例子: She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam。她在考试之前一直患重感冒。 Had they been expecting the news for some time ?他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧?
4.特殊含义:①尚未完成: He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。(他没写完)
②企图: He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。(他曾努力学习过它)
③未得结果: We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们一直致力于敌人所说的。(但是我们没有理解）
④最近情况: He had been quarreling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。(最近)
⑤反复动作: He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题。(屡次)⑥情绪: What had he been doing?他做了什么?(不耐烦）

十五、将来完成进行时
1.概念:表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间是否继续下去,要视上下文而定。
2.基本结构: shall/ will have been doing 
3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year .到今年年底,我将在这个工厂工作20年了。 
If we don ' t hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there .咱们如不快一点儿,等我们到了那儿,店门就会关了。

十六、过去将来完成进行时
1.概念:表示从过去某时看至未来某时以前会一直在进行的动
2.基本结构:should/ would+have+been+现在分词
3.例子: He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years .他告诉我,到年底时,他就在那住了30年了。