小学英语时态讲解及测验.doc

小学英语时态讲解及练习
一般现在时态及第三人称单数
第三人称单数问题
　　一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。

第三人称单数变化，现归纳总结如下：
1.人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如：
He likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。
She has lunch at twelve.她十二点吃午餐。　
It looks like a cat.它看起来像只猫。
2.单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；用第三人称单数。如：
①Han Mei looks like her mother.韩梅看起来像她的母亲。
②Beijing is in China.北京在中国。
③Uncle Wang often makes cakes.王叔叔经常做蛋糕。
3.单数可数名词或"this / that / the/ a +单数可数名词"作主语时，是第三人称单数。如：
　①A horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。 ②This book is yours.这本书是你的。
　③That car is red.那辆小汽车是红色的。 ④The cat is Lucy's.这只猫是露茜的。
4.不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时，第三人称单数。
　①Everyone is here.大家到齐了。 ②There is something wrong with the watch.这块手表有毛病。
　③This is a pen.这是一支钢笔。 ④That is an eraser.那是一块橡皮擦。
5.不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如： ①The milk is in the glass. ②The bread is very small.
6.当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如： ①"6" is a lucky number."6"
②"I" is a letter.

发音规则
动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察。
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。如：
①stop－stops [s] ; make－makes [s]
②read－reads [z] ; play－plays [z]
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz] 如：
fly－flies [z]； carry－carries [z]
study－studies [z]; worry－worries
3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz] 如：
teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz]
4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z] 如：
go－goes [z] do－does [z]
注：下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。 如：
1、do [du:]－does [dz]
2、say [sei]－says [sez]
以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后字母“e”发音， 与所加“s”一起读做[iz]。 如：close－closes [iz]

作业
I. 写出第三人称单数：
wash_________ match _______guess______ study______ finish_________ go________ snow______ carry_________
II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空：
1. He________ TV every evening. (watch)
2. We always ________ to school on foot. (go)
3. Tom, with his classmates, often ______ football after school. (play)
4 Your shoes _______ under the bed. (be)
5. ______ here and ______ by me. (come, stand)
6. His uncle usually _________ to work by bus. (go)
7. I always ______ up at six in the morning.(get)
8. John ________ like his father. (look)
III. 完成句子
　　根据所给中文意思，在空白处填入适当词语完成句子。每空一词，请直接在答题纸上完成，不要在此页上作答。
　　1．该吃晚饭了。
　　it’s time to ________ ________.
　　2．你想来点儿面包吗?
　　would you ________ some ________ ?
　　3．安娜太小，还不能上学。
　　ann is ________ young ________ go to school.
　　4．约翰跑得和我一样快。
　　john runs ________ fast ________ me.
　　5．布莱克太太经常在英语上帮助我们。
　　mrs. black often ________ us ________ our english .
　　6．老师让我们每天说英语。
　　the teacher tells us ________ ________ english every day.
　　7．为什么不让孩子们做他们喜欢的事情?
　　________ ________ let the children do what they like?
（答案：二、1. watches 2. go 3. plays 4. are 5. come, stand 6. goes 7. get, got
8. looks
三、1. it’s time to have supper. 2. would you like some bread
3. ann is too young to go to school. 4. john runs as fast as me.
5. mrs. black often helps us with our english.
6. the teacher tells us to speak english every day.
7. why not let the children do what they like? ）

一般现在时态

一、一般现在时的用法:
1、表示经常或者反复发生的动作. 如: 我每天吃午饭. I have lunch every day.
2、还表示现在存在的一种状态. 如：我姐姐是一位老师．My sister is a teacher.
3、客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
二、一般现在时态经常与often（经常）sometimes（有时）always（总是）usually（通常）等频率词连用，也经常与every day（每天）, every week（每周）, every month（每月）, every term（每学期）, every year（每年）, once a week （一周一次），twice a year（一年两次）等表示时间的词连用。
三、第三人称单数问题
　　一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。
四、一般现在时分类：
１．一般现在时态分为be 动词的一般现在时。
1） be动词包括am，is，are. 中文为"是"， 这三个词的用法要随着主语的变化而变化。 "am" 用于第一人称单数（I）; "is" 用于第三人称单数（he，she，it）; "are "用于第一人称复数（we），第二人称单数和复数(you), 第三人称复数（they）。 可以记住以下顺口溜： am管 "我"， is管"，她，它，他"， are管"大家"。

一般疑问句和否定句：把be 动词"am，is，are" 放在句首,回答时也要使用be动词；变为否定句时,把表示否定的not 放在 "am is are" 的后面, 其中可以简写为：is not---- isn't ；are not---- aren't；am not 没有简写形式。
注意：如果are not, is not放在句尾时，不能使用简写，必须写出整个单词。.
Am I a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I am not.)
Are you his friend? Yes, you are. (No, you are not.)
Is she a nurse? Yes, she is. (No, she is not.)
否定句为：I am not a teacher. You are not his friend. She is not a nurse.
2）实义动词的一般现在时如果句子的动词不是be 动词 "am is are" 而是其他实义动词, 疑问句和否定句要借助于助动词"do"或者 "does"， 也就是说be 动词和实义动词原形不能同时使用。 这里的 "do"，"does" 本身没有什么意义，只是帮助构成疑问句和否定句. 一般疑问句读时必须用降调."do"和 "does"的使用要随着人称的变化而变化。
请看下面两组句子，注意区分他们的共同点和不同点。
I go to school every day. ------------- I don't go to school every day.
He goes to school every day. ------------He doesn't go to school every day.
Do you go to school every day? -----------Does he go to school every day?
Yes, I do. (No, I don't) --------------Yes, he does. (No, he doesn't)

当主语是第三人称单数时，
肯定句为：主语+动词的s形式+宾语                        
否定句为：主语+助动词doesn't+动词原形+宾语
疑问句为：Does+主语+动词原形+宾语
肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词does.
注：1）第三人称单数用了 does 后面就不用动词的s形式了,而用动词原形.
2）变为疑问句,要在句首加"do" ; 变为否定句, 要在动词前面加"do not", 可以简写为 "don't".
课堂练习
一、把下列句子改成一般疑问句并做肯定、否定回答。
1．I usually get up at six o’clock.
                               ?
   Yes,        . /No,                 .
2. We usually write e-mails to each other on Saturday evening.
                                                   ?
                        /                      .
3. They have the same hobby.
                         ?
              ./                .
4.Suhai and Su yang like listening to music after school.
                                     ?
                   . /                  .
5.Helen usually watches TV in the evening.
                                ?
                   . /                   .
二、用词的适当形式填空。
1.What time_________ his father_________(do) the work?
2.He _________(get) up at five o’clock.
3.__________ you _________(brush) your teeth every morning.
4.What ________ ( do ) he usually ________( do ) after school?
5.Tom ________ ( study ) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.
6. Kitty sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister.
7.At eight at night, she __________( watch ) TV with her parents.
8. ________ Mike________( read ) English every day?
9.How many lessons________ your classmates______( have ) on Monday?
10.We often___________ ( play ) football in the playground.
三．选择
(　) 1. _____ you have a book?
　　A. Do　B. Are　C. Is　D. Have
(　)2. They _________ on a farm.
　　A. working　B. is work　C. work　D. is worked
(　) 3. Does Peter like to watch TV?
　　__________.
　　A. Yes, he like　B. No, he doesn’t　C. Yes, he’d like　D. No, he likes
(　)4. She doesn’t __________ her homework in the afternoon.
　　A. doing　B. to do　C. does　D. do
(　)5. How ____________ Mr. Brown ___________ to America?
　　A. do,go　B. is,go　C. does,go　D. does,goes
(　)6. Where’s my camera? I____________ it.
　　A. am not finding　B. am not seeing　C. can’t find　D. can’t look at
(　)7. How ___________ he go to work?
　　　He ___________ to work by bike.
　　A. does ;go　B. do;goes　C. do ;go　D. does;goes
(　)8. ______ you usually late for school?
　　No, _____________.
　　A. Do ; I am　B. Does ;not　C. Are ; I’m not　D. Are ; I aren’t
(　)9. _____ she _____ home at six every day?
　　A. Is , leave　B. Does , leave　C. Is , leaves　D. Does , left
(　)10. Mr. Yang ____________ English this term.
A.    teaches our　B. teaches us　C. teachs us　D. teach our

答案：二.1.does, do　2. gets　3. Do, brush　4. does, do　5. studies　6. goes　7. watches　8. Does, read　9. do, have　10. play
三.1---5 A C B D C　　6---10 C D C B B
现在进行时、动词的ing形式（附练习及答案）
现在进行时
动词的现在进行时由be的现在时形式“am/is/are+现在分词”构成，主要用于以下几方面。
（1）用来表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。例如：
    What are you doing? We are playing basketball.
    你们在干什么？我们在打篮球。
（2）有时用来表示现阶段正在进行，而说话时不一定正在进行的动作。例如：
    Are they working hard this term?
    这学期他们在努力学习吗？
    We are picking apples on a farm these days?
    这些天我们正在农场摘苹果。
（3）表示即将发生的动作（如在最近按计划或安排好要进行的动作）。Come,   go, leave, start, arrive等动词常与将来时间的状语连用表示这种意义。例如：They are going to Shanghai this Friday.他们这个星期主要去上海。
Tom is coming here next week.汤姆下周要来这儿。
（4）说明: 不是所有动词都能用现在进行时态的,如：
　　see、like、want、know 等动词往往都不用进行时态．

现在进行时态的肯定、否定和疑问式及特殊疑问句
   1)现在进行时的肯定形式：主语+be(am/ is/are)+doing+其他成分
　　I am singing . They are writing .
　2)现在进行时的否定形式:主语+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分
　　I am not singing . They aren’t writing .
　3）一般疑问句及回答：be(am/ is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他成分
　　Am I singing ? Yes ,you are . / No ,you aren’t .
　　Are they writing ? Yes ,they are . / No ,they aren’t .
　4)特殊疑问句及回答:特殊疑问词+be(am/ is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分
What are you doing ? We are playing (要求就提问内容具体回答).

缩写形式如下:
　　I am---I’m   You are---You’re   He is---He’s  She is---She’s
　　It is---It’s   We are---We’re  They are---They’re

动词的—ing形式的构成
（1）一般在动词原形末尾加—ing。
例如：work—working, study—studying.
（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加—ing。
例如:have—having, live—living.
    （3）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如结尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写出这一字母，再加—ing。例如：run—running, stop—stopping, forget—forgetting, begin—beginning.

一、写出下列动词的ing形式
walk            jump            watch          lie                 play       
sing            smoke         dance          drive             run   
swim           sit             tie               read              eat        
二、用现在进行时完成下列句子:
1. ______you__________(fly) a kite? Yes,_______.
2. ______you___________(sit) in the boat?
3. ______he_____________(talk) with me?
4. We_______________(play) football now.
5. What_________you__________(do)?
6. I_____________(sing) an English song.
7. What________he____________(mend)?
8. He______________(mend) a car.
9. These boys _________ (play) tennis on the playground.
10. My mother______________ (cook) in the kitchen.
三、选择
1. Look. Lucy is_____ a new bike today.
　A. jumping 　B. running 　C. riding 　D takeing
2. The children _____ football.
　A. is playing 　B. are playing 　C. play the 　D. play a
3. They ______TV in the evening. They do their homework.
　A are watching　 B. can’t watching　 C. don’t watch 　D. don’t watching
4. Listen! She____ in the classroom.
　A. is singing　B. sing 　C .to sing 　D. is sing
5. ______are you eating? I’m eating ______ meat.
　A. What,some　 B. Which,any　 C. Where,not　 D. What,a
6. Is she ____ something? A. eat　 B. eating　 C. eatting　 D. eats
7. I can’t catch up with the fashion,because the clothes style_______ all the time.
　A. has changed 　B. is changed　 C. is changing 　D. changed
8.Look! The children_______ basketball on the playground.
　A. plays 　B. played 　C. is playing 　D. are playing
9.Jack and Ketty_______ in the lake. Let’s join them,shall we?
　A. swim　 B. have swum　 C. swam　D. are swimming
10.It’s six in the afternoon. The Greens_______ lunch together.
　A. has　 B. are having 　C. have had　D. had had
答案：
一、1. Are ,flying,I am 　2. Are sitting,　3.Is,talking　 4. are plying 　5. are,doing　 6am singing 　7. is,mending 　8. is mending 　9.are plying　10.is cooking　
二、1.C　 2.B 　3.C 　4.A 　5.A 　6.B　 7.C　 8.D  9.D  10.B

一、填空
1. She      (play) now.
2. We      (sit) on the beach now.
3. Don’t come in! I      (take) a bath.
4.The cat     （run） in the garden now.
5. Look! The bird      . fly) 6. Listen! She      !     (sing ) 
二、选择。
1.I      on the chair now. （ ） A. is sitting   B. am sitting   C. am siting
2.She      ball now. （ ） A. is play   B. is playing   C. is playing
3.Tom      on the bed. （ ） A. are jumping   B. is jumping   C. is jump
4.My parents      in the kitchen.（ ）A. is cooking   B. are cooking   C. cooks
5.Listen! The baby      . （ ） A. cry   B. cries   C. is crying
6.The cat      in the garden. （ ）A. is running   B. is runing   C. run
7.Elva      now. （ ） A. is smile   B. is smileing   C. is smiling
8.Look! The bird      . （ ）A. is fly   B. flying   C. is flying
9.Don’t bother me ! I     . （ ）A. work   B. is working   C. am working
10.Don’t come in! She      . （ ）
A. take a bath   B. is takeing a bath   C. is taking a bath
11. Elva      juice now. （ ） A. drinks   B. is drinking

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