高中一年级英语必修二Unit1语法.ppt

1.The man lives next door is a writer.2.The woman I visited last week is a famous writer.3.Beijing is the city has got the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.4.A dictionary is a book you can use to learn more words.5.The little boy eyes are blue is holding a dog.6.The house roof was blown away by the storm will be rebuilt soon.who/thatwho/whom/that/-which/that which/that/-whosewhosewhen7.I began to work in Beijing in the year _New China was founded.8.Do you know the reason _ he didnt come?why9.I cant remember the place _I put my book.where一、定语从句的定义：一、定语从句的定义：用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（词（antecedent）。定语从句一般是由关系）。定语从句一般是由关系代词或关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和形代词或关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和形容词的作用。容词的作用。eg:1.Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning?2.The day is not far off when we will make a trip to Britain.定语从句归纳总结定语从句归纳总结二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用、引导作用2、替代作用、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用eg:1.Those who want to go please sign your names here.2.This is the house where he was born.3.Bill,who was here yesterday,asked me a lot of questions.关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：指人指人指物指物subject(主语主语)object(宾语宾语)attribute（定语）（定语）whomwhowhichthatwhose何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略做宾语时可以省略关系副词的用法关系副词的用法指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略whentimeadverbial（状语）（状语）nowhereplaceadverbialnowhyreasonadverbialno关系副词关系副词 that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以在指物的情况下一般都可以互换互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine.This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.1)当先行词是当先行词是all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词或被等不定代词或被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few,only等修饰时等修饰时.2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。3)先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时修饰时(5)先行词是先行词是who或或who引导的主句。引导的主句。Who is the girl that drove the car?Who that broke the window will be punished.(6)主句以主句以There be 引导时引导时 There are 200 people that didnt know the thing.(7)当先行词在定语从句中作当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系表语時，关系代词用代词用that.She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago.(8)当先行词是当先行词是which时，关系代词用时，关系代词用that.Which is the book that you bought last week?(4)当先行词既有人又有物时当先行词既有人又有物时,用关系代词用关系代词thatWe were deeply impressed by the teachersand the schools that we had visited there.关系代词指物时只用关系代词指物时只用whichwhich不用不用thatthat的情况的情况（1）在介词之后This is the question about which weve had so much discussion.（2）当主句中的主语被that修饰时。eg.That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.(3)在非限定性定语从句中必须用which不能用that。They have invited me to visit their country,which is very kind of them.that和和who在指在指 人的情况下一般都可以互人的情况下一般都可以互换换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用who而不用而不用that。1.先行词为先行词为those,one,ones,peoples时时 Those who are from Qingdao come this way.2.当先行词是用当先行词是用-body或或-one构成的不定代构成的不定代词时词时Is there anybody else who should be invited 关系副词关系副词when,where,why的用法的用法 关系副词都等于一个适当的介词关系副词都等于一个适当的介词which，在从句中作状语在从句中作状语When=in/at/on/during+which;Where=in/at/on/+which;Why=for+which 1.Do you still remember the day when(on which)we went to visit the museum together?2.This is the factory where(in which)my father once worked.3.This is the reason why(for which)he was late.A.I know a place where we can have a picnic.I know a place which/that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.Compare:关系代词和关系副词在定语从句关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同成分（注意事项）中的不同成分（注意事项）B.I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.I will never forget the days that/which we spenttogether.C.This is the reason why he was dismissed.This is the reason that/which he explained to me forhis not attending the meeting.注意注意:关系代词放在介词后面，只能用关系代词放在介词后面，只能用which或或whoma.This is the boy with whom he worked.b.This is the boy whomhe worked with.c.This is the boy who he worked with.d.This is the boy he worked with.e.The house where we live is not large.f.The house in which we live is not large.g.The house which we live in is not large.h.The house we live in is not large.as 从句的先行词是从句的先行词是the same,such,或被他们或被他们所修饰；在从句中做主语或宾语；多用于表示所修饰；在从句中做主语或宾语；多用于表示肯定意义的从句中，不用于表否定意义的从句肯定意义的从句中，不用于表否定意义的从句中。中。e.g.Many of the sports are the same as they were when they started.The result was not such as he expected.It was raining hard,which/as was unexpected.常用于常用于as is known to all,as you know,as is expected，the sameas,suchas,asas,soas 句型中，句型中，as不可省略不可省略 1.Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.2.Lets discuss only such questions as concern every one of us.3.Would you please buy me the same novel as you bought for brother yesterday,Mum?4.As we all know,John is an honest man.比较：比较：She wore the same dress that she wore at Marrys wedding.Which 和和as 在引导非限定性定语从在引导非限定性定语从句时可以指代一件事，句时可以指代一件事，如：如：The gentleman admired Mrs.Brown,which surprised me.As we had expected,his performance was excellent.在这时在这时as可以在句首，可以在句首，which 不可以；不可以；as 有正如的意思，有正如的意思，而而which 没有。没有。八、八、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1限限制制性性定定语语从从句句是是先先行行词词在在意意义义上上不不可可缺缺少少的的定定语语，如如果果去去掉掉，主主句句的的意意思思就就不不完完整整或或失失去去意意义义。这这种种从从句句和和主主句句的的关关系系十十分分密密切切，写写时时不不用用逗逗号号分分开。开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。如：如：a)What is the name of the tall woman who is standing there?站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字?b)Toronto is a city(that)I ve always wanted to visit.多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。2非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句和和主主句句关关系系不不十十分分密密切切，只只是是对对先先行行词词作作些些附附加加的的说说明明,如如果果去去掉掉,主主句句的的意意思思仍仍然然清清楚楚。这这种种从从句句和和主主句句之之间间往往往往用用逗逗号号分分开开，一一般般不不用用that引引导导。非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句中中，关关系词不可省略系词不可省略。如：。如：a)Rome,which is the capital of Italy,has a very long history.意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。b)Yesterday I met Professor King,who came from the University of London.昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的。昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的。c)He lent me a dictionary,which was just what I needed.他借给我一本词典，这正是我所需要的。他借给我一本词典，这正是我所需要的。3.3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，为某一个词或短语，而特殊场合非限制性定语从句而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由常由whichwhich引导。引导。eg.A middle-aged woman killed her husband,eg.A middle-aged woman killed her husband,which frightened me very much.which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。析：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女析：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由主句，此时应由whichwhich引导定语从句。引导定语从句。eg.A five-year-old boy can speak two eg.A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,foreign languages,which surprises all which surprises all the people present.the people present.一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，令所有在场的一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。人感到非常惊讶。析：从语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊析：从语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由whichwhich引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句。1.Some of the roads were flooded,made our journey more difficult.2.He has smoothly entered a key middle school,makes his parents very happy.3.Mr King,legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.5.We shall make a decision about Ms King,story I have just told you.6.He made the same mistakes again,_ made his parents very angry.7.Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan.8.Mr Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.9.My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for along time.whichwhichwhosewhosewhichwhichwhowhom1.Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学.（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）Her brother,who is now a soldier,always encourages herto go to college.她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）2.All the books that have pictures in them are well written.所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含：不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）All the books,which have pictures in them,are well written.所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含：没有不带插图的书。）比较：比较：a)She has two brothers who are working in the city.She has more than two brothers.她有两个弟弟在这个城市工作。她有两个弟弟在这个城市工作。b)She has two brothers,who are working in the city.She has only two brothers.她有两个弟弟，他们在这个城市工作。她有两个弟弟，他们在这个城市工作。下下面面两两个个句句子子只只有有一一个个逗逗号号之之差差，意意义义大大相相径径庭。庭。a)He will wear no clothes which will make him different from others.他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。b)He will wear no clothes,which will make him different from others.他不穿衣服，这会使他显得与众不同。他不穿衣服，这会使他显得与众不同。1.She was always speaking highly of her role in the play,of course,_ made the others unhappy.A.which B.who C.thisD.what2.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.when C.that D.where3.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.who B.about whom C.whom D.with whom4.Please take any seat _ is free.A.which B.where C.in which D.that5.The old man has two sons,_ is a soldier.A.one of whom B.both of them C.all of whom D.none of them6.New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼摩天大楼)_ has more than 100 storeys.A.the higher of them B.the highest of whichC.the highest of them D.some of which7.My home village is no longer the same _ it used to be.A.which B.as C.where D.when8.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.,_ many people have gone home.A.whose time B.that C.at which D.by which time9.The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.thatD.which10.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it11.Mr.Wang is a boss,_ factory Li Ping worked.A.in whose B.whose C.in whom D.of which12.I dont like the way_ you speak to her.A./B.that C.in which D.All A,B,and C13.I shall never forget the years _ I lived in the country with the farmers,has a good effect on my life.A.that,which B.when,which C.which,that D.when,who14._ is known to all,China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.A.What B.That C.As D.It15.Is this book _ you want to borrow from the library?A.that B.which C.the one D./16.Such a book _ you showed me is difficult to understandA.that B.which C.as D.like17.The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then.A./B.that C.which D.who18.This is the store _ we visited the famous shop assistants.A.where B.there C.that D.which19.Im going to spend my holiday in Beijing,_ my old parents live.A.which B.that C.where D.there20.If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men,women will spend more time in the shop.A.that B.which C.when D.where猜猜看,下面的句子明白了吗?1.不懂装懂，一事无成.He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything,is indeed a good-for-nothing.2.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.3.万事开头难 Its the first step that costs.4.千里之行，始于足下。He who would climb that ladder must begin at the bottom.5.自满的人腹中空.He who is full of himself is very empty.6.闪光的未必都是金子 Not all that glitters is gold.谢谢 谢！谢！放映结束 感谢各位的批评指导！让我们共同进步知识回顾知识回顾Knowledge Knowledge ReviewReview