人教版八年级上册英语unit2知识点及习题.doc

Unit2 How often do you exercise?
一、短语归纳
help with housework帮助做家务 on weekends在周末
how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不
once a week每周一次 twice a month每月两次 every day每天
be free有空 go to the movies去看电影 use the Internet用互联网
swing dance摇摆舞 play tennis打网球 stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚
at least至少 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课
go to bed early早点睡觉 play sports进行体育活动
be good for对……有好处 go camping去野营
not…at all一点儿也不…… in one’s free time在某人的业余时间
fifteen percent of the students 百分之十五的学生
the most popular最受欢迎的 such as比如；诸如
old habits die hard积习难改 go to the dentist去看牙医
morn than多于；超过 less than少于 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事
How about…? ......怎么样？/ ……好不好？ want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事
How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ ……有多少……?
主语+find+that从句. ……发现…… spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光

It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。 ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事
by doing sth. 通过做某事 What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么？
the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式

二、语法讲解
1. exercise （v/n）的用法
1）（动）:锻炼. 如： He exercises every day.
2) (可数名词)：“...操;练习”. 如：do morning/ eye exercises; do math exercises
(不可数名词):“锻炼;运动”讲：如： We often do / take exercise on weekends.
练习：1、The old man is very well because he often __________. 
A . drinks          B. exercises       C. sleeps           D. plays 

2. ----How often do you usually go shopping?
—Sometimes/Twice a week. 有时候/一周两次.
1) go shopping 意为“去购物”。 Go+ v- ing : 表示进行某项活动。如：
Go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking
2)频率副词：always=all the time,usually, often, sometimes=at times,hardly ever, never它们用来表示动作发生的频率，频度副词放在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前，在程度上有所区别，频率由高到低依次是：
always > usually > sometimes > seldom > hadly ever > never
100% 80% 60% 30% 10% 0%

(1).sometimes: 有时候；sometime：某时；some times：许多次/倍; some time: 一段时间
(2). hardly(adv): 几乎不 hard 硬的；eg: The stone is hard.
困难的；严厉的；勤奋的 a hard writer
努力地； 猛烈地 study/rain hard
练习 1、 The ground is too to dig
2、I can understand them.
3、It's raining ,the people can go outside.
4、—How was the weather yesterday? 
    ——It rained _______. People could ___________go out. 
A. hardly; hard       B. hard  hard       C. hardly; hardly    D. hard  hardly 

3）how often表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。
频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never
how often 次数＋时间段: 如：once or twice a week
every ＋时间段: every day (每天) 区别：everyday（每天的；日常的）
注意：表示“一次或两次”时，一般用once和twice表示。如：once a month(一个月一次)
而表示“三次或以上”时，则用“数词＋times”结构。如：five times a year (一年五次)
4） 由how构成的疑问词组的用法
² “多少” how many+ 可数名词复数 如：how many programs
how much+不可数名词 如：how much coffee
但how much=what’s the price of..? 还有“多少钱”的意思
如：How much are those pants?
² how many times: “多少次”. 其答语表示次数。如：once ,twice，three times等
² How old...? 询问年龄 如：How old are you? I am five.
² how long 多久(时间) 常用 for two days，for three hours等回答。
多长（某物的长度） 如：---How long is the river? --- 10 kms.
² how soon 用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是in two hours，in three days等。 如：How soon wil he come back？ In an hour。
练习：1、 --________ is it from your home to school? --Three miles.
　A. How far B. How much C. How soon D. How long
2、—______do they play basketball?—Every day.
A．How soon B．How much C．How many D．How often
3、－_____ do you do your homework? --- Every day.
　　A.When B. How often C. How many times D. What time
4、I visit my grandparents ______a month.
　　A. two times B. second time C. the second time D. twice
5、_______ milk do you drink?
　　A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How soon
6、He _________goes to the movies. 
  A. sometime        B. some time      C. sometimes      D. some times 
7、——How often do you dance?       ——I dance __________ a week . 
    A. once and twice times         B. two and three times    
C. one or two                                 D. once or twice 

3. free 1) “空闲的”：Are you free tonight?
2)be free “自由的”： a free country freedom(n)
3)“免费的”： work for free
4.full 1) “满的；饱的” …be full of… : The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。
2) “忙的”=busy He had a full life
5.She says it’s good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。
(1）be good for：“对……有好处”。 如：Doing exercise is good for our health.
（2）be good at：“擅长于……” 如：He is good at playing football.
(3) be good to sb./sth: “对……好” 如：The old woman is good to us.
(4) be good to do sth.: “适合；宜于” 如：The water is good to drink.
(5) be good with: “与……相处好” 如： The teacher is good with his students.
练习：1、Eating fruit and vegetables _____________ our health.
　　 A. is good to B. is good C. is good for D. is well for
6．go online = use the Internet ：上网
练习 1、 ——What does Mary do on weekends? 
    ——She usually __________ the Internet at home . 
      A, use            B. go on        C. uses          D. goes on 

7. more than two hours=over two hours:超过
8. keep healthy = stay healthy = keep in good health: 保持健康
练习1、Miss Liu is very ________, because she exercises every day.
　　A. health B. healthy C. unhealthy D. unhealth
9. ask的用法
1） ask sb. to do : 叫…做某事 Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.
2）Ask sb. not to do sth.: 叫…不要做某事
Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.
3）ask sb. about sth. : 问某人某事
We asked our students about their free time activities.
4）ask sb. for sth. : 向某人要求… 如：ask teacher for help
练习: Teacher asked me __________ (clean) the classroom.
Teacher asked me __________ (not clean) the classroom.
We asked our students ______ their free time activities.
10. 1）help sb. with sth.
如：They help me with this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。
2） help sb.（to）do.
如：They help you (to) solve this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。
11. surprise 1） (n) 惊讶: to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地
be surprised at sth. 对… 感到意外
2） （v）使惊奇、意外： be surprised to do sth. 惊讶做某事
be surprised that + 从句
如：I was surprised at the news = I was surprised to hear the news.
12. although(conj):“尽管；虽然”，表示转折关系，同义词有though, 不能与but同时使用。
如： Although they’re neighbors, they don’t play together.
= They’re neighbors, but they don’t play together. 尽管他们是邻居，但是他们不在一起玩。
练习：1、_________they are brothers, they don''t look like each other at all.
　　 A. Because B. Though C. When D. As
13. maybe (adv): 也许，大概 (Maybe) he (maybe) knows it.
May + v(原)：也许，大概 He may know it.
如：Maybe he is at home.= He maybe is at home.= He may be at home.
14. It’s good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows.
by: He learns English by singing English songs.
通过… 方式 He went home by bus.= He went home on the bus
= He took the bus home.
through 通过… 方式+ 名词：The best way to relax is through exercise
（从…里面）穿过： Climb through the window.
注意： 横过（从一边到另一边） walk across the street.

15. 例如 such as =like + 名短： 如： such as winning the game.
for example + 句子： 如：It’s healthy for the mind and the body
16.Old habits die hard. 恶习难改.
die(v):死亡；消失 death(n): 死亡；
dead(adj): 死的； dying(adj): 垂死的；临终的；（植）枯萎的
17.You can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.
spend 度过（时间） 如：spend the weekend with family
花费（时间、钱） 如：He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine.
同义句：He spent 20 yuan on the magazine.
He paid 20 yuan for the magazine.
It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine.
The magazine cost him 20 yuan.
Spend, cost,pay for,take 的区别
1) spend：指花费时间和金钱，只能用人做主语，有被动语态
² sb. spend + time或money + on sth(n.名词).
（某人花费……多少钱/多少时间……在某物上）
² sb. spend + time/money + in(可有可无)+ doing(v.动词) sth.
（某人花费……多少时间来做某事）
2)cost：指花费时间、金钱、精力等，只能用事物做主语且无被动语态；
² Sth. cost sb. + money. (某物花费某人……多少钱）
3)take：主指花费时间和力气，一般只用事物做主语；
² It takes sb. + time + to do sth. （做某事花费某人……多少时间）
4)pay：主指支付金钱和感情的回报；
² sb. pay for sth. （某人为某物付款）
² sb. pay + money + for sth. (某人为某物付……多少钱)

练习：
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。（10分）
1. Mike goes to see his grandparents _________(one) a week.
2. He spends more than an hour __________(exercise) every day.
3. He didn’t go to school. He could ____ ____(hard) read or write.
4. It’s a good habit to brush your (tooth) every day.
5.To keep healthy，I decide _______ (exercise) half an hour every day.
6.Look! Your pet dog is (die).
7.Exercise is (health) for the mind and the body.
8. Your sweater is beautiful. I want _________(buy) one，too.
9. How about (go) shopping on Sundays?
10. He usually study English by (read) it in the morning.
单项选择。(每小题1分，共15分)
1、It will take the men half a year ________ the work.
　　　A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finishes
1. What _______ she usually _________ on Sunday?       
A. is  do                  B does  do       C. does  does              D. did  do   
3. What time do you get up ________ weekends?    
A. in       B. of         C. on          D. to 
4.—What do you often do on ________ weekends?
—I often go ________ online.
A．/；/ B．the；the C．the；/ D．/；the
5.Go along the road and walk ________ the park.The zoo is behind the park.
A．down B．on C．through D．across
6.It is healthy to eat when you are hungry and to stop when you are ________.
A．full B．busy C．young D．free
7.Vince is interested in sports，________ volleyball，soccer and basketball.
A．hardly ever B．such as C．because of D．at least
8.—What do you think of the book?
—It's difficult for me ________ there are few new words in it.
A．if B．so C．because D．although
9.—Do you like eating junk food，Jack?
—No，I ________ eat it.It's bad for our health.
A．often B．always C．sometimes D．never
10.He was just a ________ boy when he joined the basketball club.
A．six year old B．six years old
C．six-year-old D．six-years-old
11.—Do you think eating too much food ________ good for us?
—I don't think so.We should do some exercise，I think.
A．are B．is C．was D．were
12.Mother wants me ________ English every day.
A．to read B．reads C．reading D．read
13.—Excuse me.Could you tell me the ________ of the football game last night?
—Of course I can.We got the first place.
A．result B．difference C．program D．rule
14.Thirty percent of the boys ________ to school by bicycle.
A．goes B．go C．going D．to go
15.I eat ________ meat because I don't want to be too heavy.
A．some B．much C．more D．less
16.My uncle ________ every day，but yesterday he ________.
A．exercises；doesn't B．exercises；didn't
C．exercised；doesn't D．exercised；didn't
17.—________？
—Twice a week.
A．How often do you use the Internet
B．How do you like the Internet
C．What time do you use the Internet
D．What do you usually do on the Internet
18.—What does Cindy usually do after school?
—________.
A．She has piano lessons on Monday
B．Her favorite sport is swimming
C．She usually goes swimming
D．She thinks it's interesting
19. — What do you often do on weekends?
— I often go ________ online
A. a B. an C. the D. /
20. — What do you think of milk?
— It is good ________ people’s health.
A. at B. for C. with D. through
21. — Would you like some ________?
— Yes, please. I like drinking it.
A. noodles B. beef C. pears D. coffee
22. _________ the work is very hard, he still tries to do it himself.
A. Although B. Or C. But D. Because
23. — Do you know that old woman?
— Yes, she is Mrs. Green. And she ____ leaves her house because she can’t walk far.
A. usually B. ever C. hardly D. always
24. It’s healthy to eat when you’re hungry and to stop when you’re __________.
A. free B. busy C. empty D. full
25. — ______ does she practice the piano?
— Every day.
A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How much
26. — What is Tom interested in?
— He is interested in sports, _____________ basketball, tennis and ping-pong.
A. such as B. at least C. hardly ever D. because of
27. Ten percent of my classmates _______ to school by car.
A. goes B. go C. going D. to go
28. — What does your mother do?
— She is a(n) _________. She works in a hospital.
A. actress B. teacher C. artist D. dentistx
29. In winter, many animals __________ lack (不足) of food.
A. die from B. think of C. wake up D. blow out
30. It’s raining hard. ________, I still want to go there.
A. So B. However C. Luckily D. Then
31. — What does Nancy usually do after school?
— ___________.
A. She has piano lessons on Monday B. Her favorite sport is swimming
C. She usually goes swimming D. She thinks it is interesting