外研版七年级英语下册语法总结.doc

外研版七年级英语下册语法总结一一般现在时1. 构成：主语+动词+其他2. 标志词：always, usually, often, sometimes, never, 等频率副词。3. 否定句：1)当动词是 be, can, may, must, should等在其后加not Eg. I cant play football. 2)当是实义动词时加助动词dont/doesnt后跟动词原形 Eg. I dont like football. She doesnt like football.4. 疑问句：1)当动词是 be, can, may, must, should等将其提前 Eg. Can you swim? 2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/does 放在前面，后跟主语和动词原形。 Eg. Does she like football?5. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句二现在进行时1. 构成：主语+be+doing+其他2. 动词动词-ing变化规律：1）一般情况下直接加-ing, eg. Working2）以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing, eg. Taking3）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ing, eg. Stopping4）特殊变化, lielying3. 标志词：look, listen, now, at the moment, itsoclock4. 否定句：be动词后加not Eg. She is not listening to music.5. 疑问句：将be动词提前 Eg . Is she listening to music?6. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句三将来时1. 构成：主语+be going to+动词原形 will2. 标志词：tomorrow, next day/month/year等表示将来的时间3. 否定句：be动词后加not；will后加not Eg. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend. He will not have a piano lesson this weekend.4. 疑问句：将be动词提前；将will提前 Eg. Is he going to have a piano lesson this weekend? Will he going to have a piano lesson this weekend?5. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句四过去时1. 构成：主语+动词过去时+其他2. 标志词：yesterday, just now, ago, this morning, when I was young,last等3. 动词动词过去式变化规律：1）一般动词结尾加-ed, eg. Walk-walked2）以字母e结尾的动词加- d, eg. Live-lived3）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加-ed, eg. Hurryhurried4）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ed, eg. Stop stopped特殊变化详见课本P1724. 否定句：1）动词be过去式后直接加not Eg. I was not in Chengdu last year. 2) 当是实义动词时，加助动词didnt后跟动词原形 Eg. I didnt telephone my parents yesterday.5. 疑问句：1) 动词be过去式提前 Eg. Were you in Chengdu last year? 2) 当是实义动词时将助动词did 放在前面，后跟主语和动词原形 Eg. Did you telephone my parents yesterday?6. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句五形容词、副词比较级，最高级1. 形容词（1） 在句子中做定语，一般放在名词之前。但是当形容词修饰something, somebody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody时，要放于其后。Eg. I have an interesting book. There is nothing serious.(2) 作表语，放在系动词之后。Eg. This kind of dress is expensive.(3) 以a-开头的形容词，一般在句子中只能作表语。Eg. Keep quiet! My baby is asleep in the room.(4) 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。Eg. The good news makes us very happy.2. 副词副词在句子中主要做状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词。修饰动词时，一般放在行为动词之后；修饰形容词时，一般放在形容词之前；表示时间、地点的副词一般放在句末或句首；频度副词一般放在行为动词之前。 Eg. I cant hear you clearly.3. 比较级用法（1） 可以单独使用 eg. I hope to do better in English.（2） 和than一起用 eg. Zhang Jun is stronger than Lin Tao.（3） 其他几种用法a. 两者比较，哪一个更怎么样？Who/Which + be+比较级， A or B?Eg. Who did better, Lucy or Lily?b. 用比较级形式表达最高级意义比较级+than any other+n.+比较级范围（in/of）=比较级+than any of the others+ in/of=比较级+than the other+n.+in/of(在同一范围内比较)比较级+than any + n.+ in/of(在两个不同范围内比较)Eg. Kate is more careful than any other girl in our class Shanghai is bigger than any city in Shangdong Province.c. 越来越怎么样？“比较级+and+比较级”Eg. Our country is being stronger and stronger.d. 有范围的两者之间的比较用“the+形容词比较级+of the two”Eg. My mother is the busier of the twoe. 用来修饰比较级的副词有：much/ far/ lots/ a lot; a litter; even;still等4. 最高级用法 用来对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较，形容词的最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词前的the可以省略。a. 最高级+范围Eg. Changjian is the longest river in China.b. 主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数+比较级范围（of/in短语），表示“最的之一”。Eg. Yang Liwei is one of the most famous heroes in China.c. 主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词+比较范围，表示“是的第几”。Eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.注：有些比较级与最高级之间的句子可以转换。 4