否定前置资料.doc

否定前置

所谓“宾语从句的否定前置”，是指如果带有否定的宾语从句，宾语从句中的否定词通常提前，用来否定主句的谓语动词。
一、 当主句谓语动词是think,believe,feel,guess,expect,suppose,imagine等表示“观点、信念、推测、臆测”等心理活动时，常常使用这种结构。
I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。
I don't think he has visited the island.
I don't expect it will rain tomorrow.
He doesnt think his neighbor will help him if he is in trouble.
二、这种结构的反意疑问句主语和谓语动词必须与宾语从句中的主语和谓语动词保持一致。
I don't think he is a good swimmer,is he?
否定前移时的反义句是高考的考点。当主语为第一人称I, we时，通常反问的是从句；而当主语不是第一人称时，则反问主句。如：
I dont think Jim will pass the exam, will he?
Tom doesn't believe that his parents will be in support of his plan, does he?

三、在下列情况下不使用否定前置：
1）若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移.
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
2)主句的谓语动词用于一般现在时以外的事态.
I thought she didn't finish her homework.
3）主句的谓语前有do,does,did表示强调时。
We do think our team won't fail in the game.
4）宾语从no,nothing,no one,nobody,none,hardly,seldom.never,few,little等半否定词时。
I think it's never too late to study.
I believe he is seldom late for school.
I think Tom will never pass the exam because he doesnt work hard.

部分否定用法
含有如all, everybody, everything, always, both等用于否定句时，是部分否定，翻译成“不全是，不总是，并不是所有的都”等。如：
Not all the teachers are in favor of (支持、赞成）this new book.
=All the teachers are not in favor of this new book.

隐性否定词用法
指的是形式上看不到否定词，但含有一些特殊的词和词组来表示否定的意义。这种否定意义的用法隐藏在句子的深层含义中。含有否定意义的词汇和结构有：
1.名词：absence(不在,缺席[(+from)] 2. 缺少,缺乏[(+of)] ), failure, lack(缺少，不足）, refusal（拒绝）, ignorance（无知，愚昧） negation（否定）, shortage（缺少，不足）等。
2形容词及形容词短语：few, little, absent from, short of, far from, free from（没有，免于，不受……的影响）, free of（免除...;无...，没有）等。
3.副词：never, seldom, rarely（很少,难得）, hardly（几乎不,简直不）, scarcely（几乎不,几乎没有，绝不）等。
4.介词：against（反对;违反）, beyond（除...之外）
, but（除...以外）／except, without, instead of, but for（除 …… 以外，倘没有，除非）等。
5.动词和动词短语：fail, miss, stop/ keep/ prevent…from等。
6.固定结构：too…to, anything but（根本不）, would rather…than（宁愿）, by no means（决不，一点也不）, in no way（决不）, under no condition（任何情况下都不，决不） 等。
否定词前置用法
否定意义的词放句首，引起部分倒装。如：
Hardly/Scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain.
Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.
By no means will this process（过程,进程） be satisfactory.
自我检测（高考真题演练）
1. Not until he left his home ______to know how important the family was for him.（10江西）
A. did he begin B. had he begun C. he began D. he has began
2.- How was the televised（电视播送） debate last night?
-Super! Rarely ___ so much media attention.（07上海）
A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate

否定代词的用法一直是历年高考的热点，掌握它们指代的侧重点和范围尤为重要。如neither表示对两者的否定，可以与介词of 连用；none 表示三者或三者以上没有一个，通常用how many/how much提问,一般有范围，可以构成none of…；nothing表示什么都没有，指物，用what提问；nobody和no one表示没有人，用who 提问。如：
She has taken a lot of medicines, but none (of them) has cured her disease.
Tom is going abroad for study, but neither of his parents are in favor of his plan.
--Who are you speaking to?
--No one./Nobody.
温馨提示 Neither/nor+助动词+名词/代词, 表示后者和前者一样不……其相反的结构为so+助动词+名词/代词, 表示后者和前者一样。如：
I went to school by bike yesterday, so did my sister.
He wont attend the meeting tomorrow, neither will Mr. White.