工商管理专业英语词汇[1].doc

临沂师范学院工商管理专业英语词汇工商管理专业英语词汇手册商 学 院2009年1月目录管理学3组织行为学5市场营销学11经济学28商务谈判34财务管理40质量管理4749管理学absenteeism缺勤率achievementoriented leadership成就取向型领导acquisition购买adaptability适应性administrative ability行政管理能力administrator 行政人员advanced technology先进技术affection情感affiliation needs 归属的需要affiliation归属aggressiveness进取性antagonism 敌对appraisal tool评价工具appraisal鉴定approval procedure 批准程序approval批准aspiration抱负assessment 评估attitude态度authority职权autocratic leader专制式领导balance sheet资产负债表behavior science行为科学behavior表现board of director董事会bonus奖金budget预算business ethics competitive price有竞争力的价格business 商业capacity to produce生产能力capital outlay 资本支出capital shortage资金短缺cash flow现金流量cash position 现金状况company image公司形象 company公司compensation报酬controlling 控制confidence信心conflict of interests利益冲突conflict 冲突conglomerate resource大型联合企业资源consistency strategy应变策略consistency一致性control device控制手段coordinate协调counselor顾问customer service strategy顾客服务策略delegation of authority授权democratic leader民主式领导demographic factor人口因素derivative policy派生政策desire欲望deviation偏差devotion 奉献discretion 灵活性diversification多种经营dividend股息division general manager分公司总经理dynamic 动态的eclectic折中economic system经济体系effectiveness 效果efficiency效率 end result 最终结果enterprise企业enthusiasm热情entrepreneur企业家equipment 设备esteem needs尊敬的需要esteem尊敬expense account开支帐户external environment外部环境feasibility可行性 feedback反馈flexible灵活的followership追随franchise 特许经营free-rein leader自由放任式领导general manager总经理geographic factor地理因素 group objective 集体目标growth goal增长目标human input人力投入human relation人际关系hygiene motivator保健激励因素individuality个性industry产业ingredient要素innovation 创新inspection record检验记录inspire鼓舞instrumental leadership指导型领导intelligence智力internal environment内部环境interpersonal skills人际交往能力inventory存货joint venture合资企业labor dispute劳资纠纷labor-hour工时latitude自主权law法律layoff解雇 leader behavior领导行为leading 领导liquidation strategy破产政策loyalty忠诚machinehour机时machinery机器maintenance 维持major decision主要决定management by objectives目标管理managerial decision管理决策商业道德managerial function管理职能manager经理market share市场占有率merit system考绩制度mission/ objective 目标 modern operational management现代经营管理morale士气motivate 激励motivational techniques激励方法motivation激励needs for selfactualization自我实现的需要obedience 服从opportunity机会optimistic乐观的organizational culture组织文化organizing 组织overall budget总预算participative leadership参与型领导payroll工资表performance业绩performance业绩 personal interest个人利益persistence毅力personal responsibility个人责任personal worth个人价值personality性格pervasiveness fear普遍性忧虑pessimistic悲观的physiological needs生理的需要planning计划 power权利policy 政策portfolio matrix资产组合距阵practitioner实际工作者prejudice偏见pressure压力primacy 领先性principle原理priority 优先probability概率procedure程序process步骤procurement采购productivity生产率productivity生产率product产品product line产品系列profitability利润率 public responsibility社会责任profit利润promotion晋升program规划proprietary product专利产品psychology心理学public relation公共关系quality of products产品质量quantitative objective 定量目标定性目标record of laborhours lost误工记录recruit招聘regulation 法规reinforcement theory强化理论resentment 忿恨resistance 抵制responsibility职责retail零售retrenchment strategy紧缩政策return on investment投资回报review审查reward奖励rival竞争对手rule规则safety安全sales volume销售量 satisfaction满意satisfaction满足scientific management 科学管理staffing人事supervisor主管人员security needs 安全的需要select选拔selfactualization自我实现service服务sick leave病假size of the organization组织规模static 静止的status地位stock option 股票期权strength优势structure结构style 作风subconscious潜意识subordinate下级supplier供货商supportive leadership支持型领导surplus盈余synergy共同作用tactics战术tax rate 税收率technique方法the commitment principle投入原则the contingency approach随机制宜法the cooperative social systems approach协作社会系统法the decision theory approach 决策理论法 the empirical approach经验法the group behavior approach集体行为法the interpersonal behavior approach人际行为法the mathematical approach数学法the managerial grid管理方格图the managerial roles approach管理任务法 the operational approach经营法the socialtechnical systems approach社会技术系统法the systems approach系统法 threat威胁train 培训trait 品质turnover人员流动vacation休假value 价值vendor 小贩 wage rate工资率weakness 弱点welfare 福利wholesale批发work efficiency工作效率zeal热诚组织行为学absences 缺勤achievement motivation 成就动机acquired immune deficiency syndrome( aids ）爱滋病action research 行动研究active listening 主动的倾听adult ego state）成人自我心态affiliation motivation亲和动机affirmative action认可性行动alienation疏离appraisal interview考评面谈area of job freedom工作自由领域assertiveness果断atrisk pay风险工资attitudes态度attribution归因autocratic leaders独裁型领导者autocratic model独裁模型autonomy自主baseline information基准信息bases of power权力基础behavioral bias行为偏见behavioral intentions行为意向biofeedback生理反馈body language身体语言boundary roles边缘角色boundary spanners边界人员brainstorming头脑风暴法change agents变革顾问changing变革charisma领导魅力child ego state儿童自我心态clarified thinking澄清思维closed-end questions封闭式问题closed questions集中式问题cluster chain簇式沟通链coach教练codetermination协同决定coercive power强制性权力cognitive dissonance认知失调cohesiveness凝聚力collectivism集体主义collegial model合作模型committee委员会communication沟通communication overload 沟通过度communication process沟通过程comparable worth可比较的价值competence motivation能力动机complementary transaction互补式交互作用complete pay program完全工资方案conceptual skills概念技能conditional strokes有条件的肯定conflict冲突conformity服从confronting正视consensus一致意见consideration关怀consultative management协商式管理contingency approach to ob ob的权变方法contingency model of leadership领导的权变模型core dimension工作的核心维度corrective discipline纠正性纪律costbenefit analysis成本收益分析costreward comparison成本回报比较counseling咨询服务counseling functions咨询功能credibility gap信用差距crosscultural communication跨文化沟通crossed transaction交叉式交互作用cultural contingency文化权变cultural distance文化距离cultural diversity文化多样性cultural empathy文化认同cultural shock文化冲击custodial model监护模型decisionmaking model of leadership领导的决策模型defensive reasoning防御型推理deferred judgment延迟判断delegation授权development level发展程度devils advocate魔鬼代言人dialectic decision method( ddm）辩证决策法directive counseling指导式咨询discharge解雇discipline纪律discrimination歧视division of work工作划分double-loop learning双回路学习downward communication下行沟通drives驱力dysfunctional effect消极影响ecological control生态控制economic incentive system经济刺激系统ego states自我心态elaborating夸大electronic brainstorming电子化头脑风暴法electronic grapevine电子化的小道消息electronic mail ( email)电子邮件electronic monitoring电子监控emotional catharsis感情宣泄employee assistance program支持员工方案employee ownership员工所有制employee territories员工领地employment enrichment就业丰富化empowerment授权enhancers for leadership领导的放大器enriched sociotechnical work system丰富的社会技术工作体系equal employment opportunity （ eeo）均等就业机会equal pay act of 1963 1963年公平报酬法案equity sensitivity公平敏感度equity theory公平理论erg model erg模型escalating commitment投入的升级ethical imperative道德约束ethical leadership有道德的领导ethical treatment有道德的对待ethnocentrism民族优越感existence needs生存需要expatriates外派人员expectancy期望expectancy model期望模型experiential learning体验式学习expert power专家性权力extinction消退extrinsic motivators外部激励因素face saving维持脸面facilitators协调员fact premises事实前提feedback反馈feedback-seeking behavior寻求反馈的行为feminine societies女性化社会filtering过滤flexible work schedule弹性工作时间表followership skills追随性技能formal groups正式群体free-rein leaders无控制的领导者frustration挫折感functional effect有益效果fundamental attribution bias基本归因偏差gain sharing收益分享gain-sharing plan收益分享计划genetic monitoring基因监控genetic testing基因测试geocentric organizations地球中心组织goal setting目标设置goals目标goals of organizational behavior组织行为的研究目标gossip chain流言链grapevine小道消息group decision support system群体决策支持系统group dynamics群体动态性groupthink群体思维growth need成长需要hawthorne effect霍桑效应hidden agendas隐蔽的情绪hierarchy of needs需要层级high context culture高度情境文化higherorder needs高级需要holistic ob 整体obhomeostasis内平衡honesty tests诚实测试human relations人际关系human resources approach to ob 的人力资源方法human skill人际技能humanistic values人文价值观hygiene factors保健因素iceberg model of counseling冰山咨询模型impairment testing机能损伤测试imposter phenomenon骗子现象impression management印象管理incentives诱因individual differences个体差异individualism个体主义individualization个性化industrial democracy企业民主inference推断informal groups非正式群体informal leader非正式的领导者informal organization非正式组织information technology信息技术initiation of action行为的触发inputs投入instrumentality工具性interventions干预intrinsic motivators内源性动机因素job breadth工作广度job content工作内容job context工作环境job depth工作深度job diagnostic survey工作诊断调查job enlargement工作扩大化job enrichment工作丰富化job involvement工作投入job rotation工作轮换job satisfaction工作满意度job satisfaction survey工作满意度调查job scope工作范围justin-time training即时培训kaizen改善lateral communication同级沟通law of diminishing returns回报递减法则law of effect效果法则law of individual differences个体差异性法则layoff survivors sickness裁员幸存者忧虑症leader-member exchange model领导者成员交换模型leadermember relations领导者成员关系leaderposition power领导者的职位权力leadership领导leadership style领导风格learned helplessness习得性无助legitimacy of organizational influence组织影响的合法性legitimate power法定性权力liaison individuals传播小道消息的人life position人生立场linking pin联结点locus of control控制点longterm orientation长期取向loose rates宽松的标准low context culture低度背景文化lowerorder needs低级需要macro motivation宏观激励management by objectives （ mbo）目标管理management by walking around （ mbwa）走动式管理managerial grid管理方格论manipulation of people操纵别人masculine societies男性化社会matrix organization矩阵组织mechanistic organization机械化的组织mentor辅导员micro motivation微观激励middlemanagement committees中层管理委员会mission使命models of ob组织行为模型morale士气motivating potential score （ mps)激励潜在指数动机motivationmotivational factors激励因素multiskilling多面手multiculturalism多元文化主义multinational organizations跨国组织mutuality of interest互惠利益natural work module自然工作模块natural work team自然工作团队negative reinforcement阴性强化negative strokes负面肯定neighborhoods of offices相邻办公室network关系网network charts网络图networking组网行为neutralizers缓冲器noise噪音nominal group名义组织nondirective counseling非指导式咨询nonverbal communication非语言沟通norm of reciprocity互助规范norms规范ombudsperson咨询员openbook management开放式管理open-door policy开门政策openend questions开放式问题open questions开放问题open system开放系统operant conditioning操作条件作用organic organizations有机的组织organization development （ od)组织开发organizational behavior ( ob）组织行为学organizational behavior modification （ ob mod)组织行为校正organizational behavior system组织行为系统organizational citizens组织公民organizational citizenship behavior组织公民的行为organizational commitment组织忠诚度organizational culture组织文化organizational learning curve for change组织变革学习曲线organizational politics组织政治organizational socialization组织社会化outcomes结果/产出output restriction产出限制over participation参与过度paperandpencil test纸笔测验paradigms范式parent ego state家长式自我心态parochialism乡土观念participation参与participative counseling参与式咨询participative leaders参与型领导者participative management参与型管理pathgoal leadership路径目标领导perceived control知觉到的控制perception知觉perceptual set知觉定式performance appraisal绩效评估performance feedback绩效反馈performance gaps绩效偏差performance monitoring绩效监视performance-satisfactioneffort loop绩效满意努力环路personal barriers个人障碍personal power个性权力personal wellness个人幸福philosophy of ob组织行为哲学physical barriers物理障碍physical withdrawal行为退化piece rate计件工资polarization极端化political power政治权力politics政治polygraph多导仪positive reinforcement阳性强化positive strokes正面的肯定posttraumatic stress disorder创伤后遗症power权力power distance权力距离power motivation权力动机practice实践prejudice偏见preventive discipline预防性纪律primary needs基本需要primary outcomes首要产出proactive主动procedure工作程序process consultation进展咨询productivity劳动生产率profit sharing利润分享progressive discipline累进式纪律psychic costs精神代价psychological contract心理契约psychological distance心理距离psychological stress evaluator心理压力测评器psychological support心理支持psychological withdrawal心理退化punishment惩罚quality circles质量小组quality of work life ( qwl)工作生活质量quick fixes快速到位rate setting标准设定reactive反应性的readability可读性realistic job previews实际工作预览reference group参照群体refreezing巩固reinforcement强化reinforcement， continuous连续性强化reinforcement, fixedinterval固定间隔的强化reinforcement， fixed-ratio固定比率的强化reinforcement, variableinterval可变间隔的强化reinforcement， variable-ratio可变比率的强化程序reinforcement schedules强化程序relatedness need关系需要relaxation response放松反应reliability信度reorientation再定位repatriation归国人员research研究resilience弹性resistance to change对变革的抵制resultoriented approach to ob的结果导向方法retraining再培训reverse cultural shock逆向文化冲击reward power奖赏权力rights of privacy隐私权risky shift风险偏移role角色role ambiguity角色模糊role conflict角色冲突role models角色模型role perceptions角色知觉rumor谣言sabbatical leaves安息日假期sanctions奖惩制度secondary needs次级需要secondary outcomes次级产出selective perception选择性知觉self-actualization自我实现selfappraisal自我评价selfconcept自我概念selfefficacy自我效能感selffulfilling prophecy自我实现预期selfleadership自我领导selfmanaging teams自我管理团队self-perceived task ability自己知觉的工作能力selfserving bias自我服务偏差semantic barriers语义障碍semantics语义学sexual harassment性骚扰shaping塑造shortcircuiting超近路shortterm orientation短期取向singleloop learning单路学习situational leadership model情境领导模型skill-based pay技能工资skill variety技能多样化social cues社会线索social culture社会文化social desirability bias社会赞许性偏差social equilibrium社会均衡social facilitation群体敦促social information processing社会信息处理socialization社会化social leader社交领导social learning theory社会学习理论social loafing群体惰性social desirable responses社会赞许性反应social responsibility社会责任social support社会支持social system社会系统socioeconomic model of decision making决策的经济社会模型sociotechnical system ( sts) approach社会技术系统模型spillover effect溢出效应stages of team development组织发展的演变status地位status anxiety地位焦虑status deprivation地位丧失status symbols地位象征status system地位系统stress压力stressors压力源stressperformance model压力绩效模型stress threshold压力阀stroking肯定structure结构substitutes for leadership领导的替代品suggestion programs建议计划super leadership超级领导superordinate goal超凡的目标supportive model支持模型surface agenda表面议题surveillance devices监视设施systems approach to obob的系统方法tardiness迟到task identity任务完整性task leader任务领导task significance任务的重要性task structur