英语四级表格和图表题型作文写作策略.doc

表格和图表题型l 仔细研究题目及信息，看清数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，然后确定内容层次以及主题句。l 选取最重要，最有代表性，最核心的信息，根据全文的主旨去组织信息，切忌罗列所有信息. 列出各段的主题句。根据所给提纲或已知信息列出每段的主题句。 围绕主题句展开段落，选取能反映主题的最明显的数据作为论据。l 表格和图表题型写作一般采用一般现在时，但如果图表给出了具体时间参照,则应对时态进行相应的调整.l 表格和图表题型要使用一些固定句型和表达法.l 表格和图表题型可以分为表格（table),，曲线图（graph）、柱形图(bar chart）和圆形图(pie chart）。 表格形式要对表格中所给出的大量数字进行比较分析，从中找出变化规律。 曲线图形式要认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，注意横纵坐标轴的数字及单位，找出明显趋势和极点。 柱形图形式通过柱形的高度或长度差别来判断事物的动态发展趋势，要注意坐标线的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明与文字。 圆形图形式掌握部分与整体,部分与部分之间的相互关系表格和图表题型 常用句型一般图表作文的第一段:1.描述图表；2.点明图表所要表达的主题或说明的问题,如：As is shown in the table （or in the diagram）.。.dropped from.。. in 1994 to。.。in 1996. According to the figures given in the table， 。.。 has greatly increased (or decreased) in the past.。years (or decades）， reaching.。in 1996. From the table we can also see that there has been a sharp decline (or rise） in。.It is clear that介绍图表 This chart shows that.。It can be seen from the statistics (chart/diagram/graph/figures)that。From the table (figures/data/results/information), it can be seen （concluded/shown/estimated/calculated/inferred） thatIt is generally believed(accepted/ thought/ held） that As is shown（described/illustrated/indicated/revealed in the picture/graph/chart/table)， .According to the table/ the figures given in the table,统计数据的表达方法increase/fall slightly/a little/sharply/dramatically/drastically from.。to.。， /rise/decline/jump fromtoremain steady at。， peak at。.， reach the climax at., reach the low at, account for.。twice/three。. times as many/much as。., one fifth/a quarter/a third/a half of。.respectively数据变化的表达方法The number/amount of.increased/jumped/rose/decreased/dropped/fell/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/ sharply/ steadily/ gradually/ slowly/slightly from.。to。.。There was a sudden（rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steady/gradual/slow/slight） increase（jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall） in the number/amount of.from.。to。.There is slight （slow/steady/rapid) increase (decrease/decline/reduction/fall/drop/rise) in demand （income/population/prices/production) during the period 1900-2000 （From 19002000/Since 1900/For a decade/ from 19052005 ) be on the increase (decrease rise decline） (。在不断地增加，减少，上升，下降）开头和结尾的常用句型The two graphs describe the same thing seen in two different ways. The first diagram simply recordsThe second graph throws a new light onThe key findings taken from the surveys are as follows:This table provides several important points of comparison between A and B.实例1-2002年6月真题Directions： For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below : Average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week1. 上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化;2。 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明)；3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题.Model CompositionGreat changes have taken place in student use of computers in the university。 The hours the student spent on computers per week skyrocketed from about 2 in 1990 to 20 in 2000, more than 9 times higher。 This rapid increase proves that students were in closer contact with computers.To account for this phenomenon, people have come up with various reasons as listed below。 In the first place, with the drop in prices of computers， more students could afford computers， therefore they could spend much more time with computers。 In the second place， the computers were applied to wider and wider use and students had to take advantage of this modern invention。 Last but not least， the development of society pushed computers into more dormitories.Whatever the reason， there are still some problems with student use of computers。 To begin with， many students still have no computers of their own。 Whats more, many students use computers only to play e-games and browse porn websites, which causes harm to their mind。 （170 words）实例2-1991年6月真题Changes in Peoples DietFood19861987198819891990Grain494746。5%4545%Milk1011%1112%13%Meat1720%22。523%21%Fruit Vegetable242220%20%21%Total100100100%100100l State the changes in peoples diet in the past five years。l Give possible reasons for the changes。l Draw your own conclusionModel CompositionAs is shown in the above table， great changes took place on peoples diet from 1986 to 1990。 On the whole， the consumption of grain decreased year by year, while that of some highenergy food, such as milk and meat， increased consistently。In my opinion， there are two major reasons for the changes in peoples diet。 On one hand, people gave their attention to the quality of their diet. On the other hand， they could afford to buy more expensive food with better nutrition owing to the increase of their income.From the above, we can see that peoples living standard improved remarkably in the five years from 1986 to 1990。 And we can also anticipate that they will live more and more comfortably and healthily in the future。 （128 words) 实例3: Employment Problem of College GraduatesYear20022003（Estimated)2004(Estimated）Number of Unemployed Graduates380,000420,000500,000l 描写2002年到2004年找不到工作的大学毕业生的人数变化；l 分析原因(高校扩招使毕业生供给大于需求，很多毕业生只愿留在大城市，毕业生的专业不适合社会需要等)l 给出解决问题的办法。Model Composition （201 words）As is demonstrated in the table， more and more college graduates are out of a job in our country， which is a serious problem to our economic development and social security。 It is estimated that in 2004， there will be 500,000 unemployed graduates， more than 30 higher than in 2002.There are several reasons for this phenomenon。 In the first place, as the enrollment of college students has grown by more than 30% annually since 1998, more and more students are thrown into the labor market. However, our annual GDP growth has been about 8。 Therefore， the supply of labor exceeds the demand， hence a shortage of positions。 In the second place, many graduates do not want to work in mediumsized and small cities or towns where they are most needed。 Instead， too many of them crowd in big cities like Beijing， Shanghai or Guangzhou.Serious as the problem seems， we can come up with some measures to deal with it。 On one hand， the government should develop our national economy more rapidly, creating more job opportunities。 On the other hand， the college students must be realistic in choosing jobs。 Only in these ways can we hope to solve the problem. - 3 -