环境工程专业英语--各单元要求掌握的专业词汇.doc

环境工程专业英语 专业词汇学习汇编UNIT 1 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇)arsenic/砷化物1 2brownfield/棕地（注：请注意此概念的含义）carbon dioxide/二氧化碳3 4chlorine/氯(气）chlorofluorocarbon/氟氯烃5 6contamination/污染Clean Air Act/清洁空气条例7 8drinking water/饮用水ecological risk/生态风险9 10ecosystem/生态系统emission/排放（物）11 12endocrine disruption compound/ 内分泌干扰素energyefficiency standard/能效标准13 14environment/环境environmental engineering/环境工程15 16environmental threat/环境危害exhaust emission control/尾气控制17 18geochemistry/地球化学greenhouse gas, GHG/温室气体19 20ground water/地下水habitat/栖息地、居留处21 22landfill leachate/垃圾填埋场 渗滤液impact/影响23 24life-cycle assessment/生命周期评价mercury/汞25 26monitoring/监测MTBE/甲基叔丁基醚27 28ozone/臭氧pathogen/致病菌（体)29 30PolyChlorinated Biphenyl（PCB）/聚氯联苯pharmaceutical/医药的，制药的31 32pollutant/污染物power plant/（发）电厂33 34recalcitrant/难降解的stratosphere/平流层、同温层35 36surface water/地表水sustainability/可持续性37 38tetraethyl lead/四乙基铅UNIT 2 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）environmental engineer/环境工程师1 2renewable/可更新的wastewater/废水、污水3 4organic matter/有机物water/水（体)5 6adsorption/吸附chronic exposure/长期（慢性）暴露7 8ecology/生态学9 10micropollutant/微污染物membrane technology/膜技术11 12nano-particle/pollution/污染13 14air quality/空气质量volatility/挥发(性、度)15 16chlorofluorocarbon (CFC） /氟氯氢hydrofluorocarbon/氢氟烃17 18nanotechnology/ozone/臭氧19 20runoff/（雨水）径流stratosphere/平流层、同温层21 22pesticide/农药、杀虫剂atmosphere/大气23 24evapotranspiration/蒸腾refractory/难处理的25 26biological/生物的global warming/全球变暖27 28membrane/膜、隔膜biodegradability/生物可降解性29 30industrial wastewater/工业废水biotic/生物的、生命的31 32municipal wastewater/城市污水abiotic/无生命的、非生物的33 34advanced treatment/高级处理degradation/降解、恶化35 36synthesis/合成、综合redox/氧化还原电位37 38microorganism/微生物reuse/回用39 40recycle/再循环、回收infrastructure/基础设施41 42criterion, criteria/标准、指标UNIT 3 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）greenhouse effect/温室效应1 2Kyoto Protocol/京都协议atmosphere/大气3 4sulphur/硫（磺）carbon dioxide/二氧化碳5 6precipitation/沉淀、沉降、降雨fossil fuel/矿物染料7 8air pollution/空气污染nitrous oxide/一氧化二氮（笑气)9 10GHG emission/温室气体排放halocarbon/卤烃11 12volatile organic/挥发性有机物ozone/臭氧13 14carbon monoxide/一氧化碳（CO）greenhouse gas（GHG）/温室气体15 16precursor/前体物、母体物thermal radiation/热辐射17 18troposphere/对流层infrared radiation/红外辐射19 20volatile/挥发的、挥发性的automobile exhaust fume/汽车尾气21 22aerosol/气溶胶acid rain/酸雨23 24methane/甲烷（气）UNIT 4 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）ecological restoration/生态修复1 2ecological integrity/生物完整性renewal/更新3 4endangered species/频危物种pilot/(中试规模）试验的5 6biological resource/生物资源hydrology/水文学7 8mitigation/缓解、减轻in situ/ 原位、就地9 10topography/地形、地貌ex situ/ 易地、异地11 12demographic growth/人口增长landscape/景观13 14ecosystem management/生态系统管理UNIT 5 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）environmental security/环境安全1 2qualitative/定性的tributary/支流（的）、辅助的3 4quantitative/定量的sustainable development/可持续发展5 6deforestation/森林砍伐climate change/气候变化7 8fresh water/淡水water supply/供水9 10irrigation/灌溉degradation/恶化11 12domestic wastewater/生活污水desalination/脱盐13 14world health organization （WHO)/世界卫生组织combustion/燃烧15 16water quality/水质hydrocarbon/烃类17 18pollutant loading/污染物负荷perturbation/扰动、干扰19 20life cycle/生命周期recalcitrant/难处理的21 22water footprint/水足迹risk assessment/风险评价23 24ecological footprint/生态足迹urbanization/城市化25 26shortage/短缺deterioration/恶化27 28nitrogen/氮nutrient/营养物29 30eutrophication/富营养化saltwater intrusion/海水入侵31 32aquatic ecosystem/水生态系统water scarcity/水短缺33 34nitrogen loading/氮负荷impact/影响35 36toxicology/毒理学wetland/湿地37 38Biomonitoring/生物监测constructed wetland/人工湿地39 40metabolize/代谢contaminant/污染物41 42metabolic/代谢的UNIT 6 Vocabulary(要求掌握的专业词汇）environmental modeling/环境模拟1 2pentachlorophenol（PCP）/五氯酚chemical exposure concentration/化学品暴露浓度3 4biodegradation/生物降解aquatic chemistry/水化学5 6reaeration/复氧water quality criteria/水质标准(指标）7 8discharge/排放water quality standard/水质标准9 10oxygen sag curve（OSC）/氧垂曲线ammonia/氨11 12downward/下游、下方向cadmium/镉13 14aquatic organism/水生生物chromium/铬15 16dissolved oxygen(do)/溶解氧cyanide/氰化物17 18rate constant/速率常数acute threshold concentration/急性阈值浓度19 20kinetic/动力（学）的UNIT 7 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）environmental impact assessment（EIA)/环境影响评价1 2baseline evaluation/本底评价environmental component/环境要素3 4environmental manager/环保经理mitigation measure/减缓措施5 6monitoring/监测component assessment/要素评价7 8baseline survey/本底调查baseline material/本底材料9 10compliance monitoring/跟踪监测baseline information/本底资料11 12risk assessment/风险评价impact prediction/影响预测13 14risk management/风险管理environmental assessment statement（EAS）/环境影响报告书15 16hazard identification/风险识别cumulative impact/累积影响17 18dose-response assessment/剂量响应评价environmental risk assessment(era）/环境风险评价19 20exposure population/暴露人群synergistic effect/协同效应21 22zero discharge/零排放extrapolated data/外延（类推）数据23 24selfpurification/自净environmental management/环境管理25 26emission standard/排放标准ozone layer/臭氧层27 28final disposal/最终处置eco-technology/生态技术29 30environmental legislation/环境立法cleaner technology/清洁技术31 32environmental auditing/环境审计lifecycle analysis/生命周期分析33 34 byproduct/副产物hydrosphere/水圈35 36lithosphere/岩石圈hydrodynamics/水动力学、流体力学37 38ecological engineering/生物工程energy crisis/能源危机39 40decompose/分解deteriorate/(使)恶化41 42pollution abatement/污染削减UNIT 10 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）natural resource/自然资源1 2uranium/铀resource economics/资源经济学3 4phosphate/磷potential detrimental/潜在危害5 6recyclable/再循环lifesupport system/生命支持系统7 8environmental economics/环境经济学renewable resource/可更新资源9 10environmental regulation/环境法规critical threshold/临界阈值11 12intergenerational fairness/代际公平regenerative capacity/再生能力(容量）13 14species extinction/物种灭绝hydraulic circulation/水力循环15 16scarcity/稀缺、不足、匮乏iron/铁17 18unduly/过度地、不适当地aluminum/铝19 20leaded gasoline/含铅汽油copper/铜21 22EPA/环境保护局sulfur dioxide/二氧化硫23 24cost-effectiveness/成本-效益coal-burning plant/燃煤电厂25 26offset policy/补偿政策emission reduction/减排27 28environmental program/环境规划energy-intensive/能源密集型的29 30environmental tax/环境税UNIT 11 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇)analytical chemistry/分析化学1 2biological monitoring/生物监测human environment/人类环境3 4physicchemical principle/物化原理greenhouse effect/温室效应5 6qualitative analysis/定性分析chemical structure/化学结构7 8quantitative analysis/定量分析organic compound/有机物9 10molecular structure/分子结构physiological effect/生理效应11 12analyte/分析物lipid solubility/脂溶性13 14remote sensing/遥感precipitation/沉淀、沉降、沉积15 16titration/滴定distillation/蒸馏17 18sample collection/采样validation/验证19 20lipid/脂electromagnetic radiation/21 22 matrix/基质spectrometric/光谱分析23 24stoichometric/化学计量的mass spectrometric/质谱分析25 26gas chromatography（GC）/气相色谱chemical oxygen demand(cod)/化学需氧量27 28lignin/木（质)素ammonia nitrogen/氨氮29 30ultimate BOD（BODu）/最终生化需氧量biological assimilability/可生物同化性31 32polluted water/受污水体BOD（biological oxygen demand)/生化需氧量33 34potassium permanganate/高锰酸钾woodpulping waste/木浆废液（水）35 365-day BOD（BOD5)/5日生化需氧量potassium iodate/碘化钾37 38potassium dichromate/重铬酸钾catalyst/催化剂、促进因素39 40pyridine/吡啶、氮杂苯aromatic hydrocarbon/芳烃41 42organic nitrogen/有机氮reduced state/还原态43 44equivalent weight/当量reducing agent/还原剂45 46ferrous ion/亚铁离子oxidationreduction potential（ORP）/氧化还原电位47 48hazardous waste/危险废物sulfuric acid/硫酸49 50nitrate/硝酸盐glucose/葡萄糖51 52nitrite/亚硝酸盐sulfide/硫化物53 54zeolite/沸石flame ionization detector（fid)/火焰离子检测器55 56absorption/吸收hydrogen peroxide/过氧化氢57 58triethanolamine/三乙醇胺benzene/苯59 60FICKs law/菲克定律formaldehyde/甲醛61 62diffusion rate/扩散速率azo dye/偶氮染料63 64volatile organic compound(VOC）/挥发性有机化合物thermal desorption/热脱附65 66stainless steel/不锈钢1.analytical chemistry分析化学2.biological assimilability可生物同化性3.human environment人类环境4.BOD（biological oxygen demand）生化需氧量5.greenhouse effect温室效应6.wood-pulping waste木浆废液（水）7.chemical structure化学结构8.potassium iodate碘化钾9.organic compound有机物10.catalyst催化剂11.physiological effect生理效应12.aromatic hydrocarbon芳烃13.lipid solubility脂溶性14.reduced state还原态15.precipitation沉淀、沉降16.reducing agent还原剂17.distillation蒸馏18.oxidation-reduction potential（ORP）氧化还原电位19.validation验证20.sulfuric acid硫酸21.electromagnetic radiation电磁幅射22.glucose葡萄糖23.spectrometric光谱分析24.sulfide硫化物25.mass spectrometric质谱分析26.hazardous waste危险废物27.chemical oxygen demand（cod）化学需氧量28.Complexation 络合,配位（作用)29.biological monitoring生物监测30.ultimate BOD(BODu)最终生化需氧量31.physic-chemical principle物化原理32.polluted water受污水体33.qualitative analysis定性分析34.potassium permanganate高锰酸钾35.quantitative analysis定量分析36.5-day BOD(BOD5)5日生化需氧量37.molecular structure分子结构38.potassium dichromate重铬酸钾39.analyte分析物40.pyridine吡啶、氮杂苯41.remote sensing遥感42.organic nitrogen有机氮43.titration滴定44.equivalent weight当量45.sample collection采样46.ferrous ion亚铁离子47.lipid脂48.volatile organic compound (VOC）挥发性有机化合物49.matrix基质50.nitrate硝酸盐51.stoichometric化学计量的52.nitrite亚硝酸盐53.gas chromatography(GC)气相色谱54.absorption吸收55.lignin木(质）素56.reflux 回流57.ammonia nitrogen氨氮58.dilution 稀释UNIT 12 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇)receiving water/受纳水体1 2primary treatment/一级处理local regulation/地方法规3 4secondary treatment/二级处理unit operation/单元运行5 6advanced treatment/高级处理unit process/单元过程7 8tertiary treatment/深度处理preliminary treatment/预处理9 10grit chamber/沉砂池suspended solid/悬浮固体11 12sedimentation/沉淀、沉降dissolved solid/溶解固体13 14conventional secondary treatment/传统二级处理settable matter/可沉降物15 16filtration/过滤biodegradable organic matter/可降解有机物17 18phosphorus/磷disinfection/消毒19 20microscreen/微滤water reuse/水回用21 22nutrient removal/营养物去除biological nutrient removal（BNR）/生物脱除磷23 24nitrification-denitrification/ 硝化反硝化total suspended solid(TSS）/总悬浮固体25 26biological treatment system/生物处理系统point source/点源27 28nonpoint source/面源turbidity/浊度29 30coliform bacteria/大肠杆菌（E。coli)process analysis/工艺分析31 32combined sewer/合流制污水管overflow/溢流33 34wastewater treatment plant（WTP)/污水处理厂clarification/澄清、沉淀35 36membrane bioreactor/膜生物反应器membrane filtration/膜过滤37 38ultrafiltration/超滤reverse osmosis/反渗透39 40wastewater treatment process/废水处理工艺bioreactor/生物反应器41 42coagulation/混凝granular/颗粒（状）的43 44colloid， colloidal/胶体（的）hydrophobic/疏水性的45 46hydrophilic/亲水性的protein/蛋白质47 48repelling force/（排）斥力opposite charge/反电荷49 50zeta potential/ 电位double layer/双电层51 52van der Waals attractive force/范德华引力colloidal particle/胶体颗粒53 54cation； anion/阳离子；阴离子positive charge/正电荷55 56microfloc/微絮体neutralize/（使）中和57 58flocculation/絮凝alkalinity/碱度59 60alum/铝盐coagulant/混凝剂61 62coagulant aid/助凝剂rapid mixing（tank)/快混(池）63 64destabilization/脱稳(过程）isoelectric point/等电点65 66polyelectrolyte/聚电解质aluminum sulfate/硫酸铝67 68aluminum hydroxide/氢氧化铝bicarbonate alkalinity/重碳酸盐碱度69 70ortho-phosphate/正磷酸盐precipitate/（使）沉淀、沉降71 72sludge/污泥dewater， dewatering/（使）脱水73 74thickening/浓缩calcium carbonate/碳酸钙75 76polymer/聚合物ferric chloride(fecl3）/三氯化铁77 78hydrogen bonding/氢键coagulant dosage/混凝剂投量79 80settling tank/沉淀池slow mixing/慢混81 82flocculation tank/絮凝池seeding/接种83 84domestic wastewater/生活污水biofilm/生物膜85 86trace organic constituent/微量有机成分municipal collection system/城市污水收集系统87 88aquatic plant/水生植物suspended growth process/悬浮生长工艺/方法89 90attached growth process/附着生长工艺/方法activated sludge process(ASP）/活性污泥工艺91 92activated sludge/活性污泥aeration tank/曝气池93 94contact time/接触时间retention time/停留时间95 96Sludge Volume Index（SVI）/污泥容积指数mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS）/混合液悬浮固体97 98mixed liquor volatile suspended solids（MLVSS）/ 混合液悬浮挥发性固体clarifier/澄清池、沉淀池99 100biomass/生物量gravity settling/重力沉降101 102treated effluent/处理出水suspended solid/悬浮固体103 104packing material/填料trickling filter/滴滤池105 106blower/风机liquid film/液膜107 108liquid/solid separation/固液分离effluent/出水109 110waste sludge/剩余污泥UNIT 13 Vocabulary(要求掌握的专业词汇）cooling water/冷却(用)水1 2advanced chemical oxidation/高级化学氧化(处理）process water/工艺(用）水3 4electrodialysis/电渗析discharge requirement/排放要求（标准）5 6distillation/蒸馏carbon adsorption/碳吸附7 8ion exchange/离子交换chemical precipitation/化学沉淀9 0treated effluent/处理出水chemical oxidation/化学氧化11 12straining/（机械）过滤、表面过滤protozoan/原生动物13 14oocyst/卵囊nitrification/硝化15 16filter medium/滤池介质（滤料)pressure differential/压（力）差17 18semipermeable membrane/半透膜osmotic pressure/渗透压19 20crossflow filtration/错流过滤concentrate stream/浓液21 22membrane fouling/膜污染concentration gradient/浓度梯度23 24feed water/进水phenol/酚25 26hydrolysis/水解concentration polarization/浓差极化27 28total dissolved solid（TDS）/总溶解固体barium/钡29 30chlorination/氯化（处理)backwashing/反冲洗31 32chemical cleaning/化学清洗nickel/镍33 34permeate/透过液（淡液）thermodynamic/热动力学（的）35 36flux/通量fungi/真菌、霉菌37 38Advanced Oxidation Process(AOP)/高级氧化(处理)工艺hydroxyl free radical(HO）/羟基自由基39 40stripping/吹脱、汽提hydrogen peroxide/过氧化氢（双氧水）41 42photolysis/光分解ozonation/臭氧化（处理)43 44ultraviolet(UV)/紫外光（线)first-order kinetics/一级动力学45 46refractory organic compound/难降解（处理）有机物pilot testing/中试研究47 48steroid/类固醇aliphatic/脂肪族（质）的49 50trichloroethylene/三氯乙烯UNIT 14 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）gaseous pollutant/气态污染物1 2dust removal/cyclone/旋风分离器3 4water quality management/水质管理electrostatic precipitator/静电沉降器5 6scrubber/洗涤器fabric filter/布袋除尘器（滤布过滤）7 8coalburning electric generating plant/燃煤电厂micropore/微孔9 10venturi/文丘里管incineration/焚烧11 12incinerator/焚烧炉dioxin/二噁英13 14organic acid/有机酸landfill/填埋（场)15 16PM2。5aldehyde/乙醛17 18particular matter/颗粒物vehicle exhaust/汽车尾气19 20aerosol particle/气溶胶颗粒butyrate/丁酸盐21 22pyruvate/丙酮酸盐(酯)phthalate/邻苯二甲酸盐（酯）23 24hybrid/混合的UNIT 15 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）offgas/废气1 2crude oil/原油chemisorptions/化学吸附（作用）3 4flue gas/烟道气desulfurization/脱硫5 6solid waste disposal/固废处置aqueous solution/水溶液7 8removal efficiency/去除（效)率co