英语语言学期末试卷.doc

《英语语言学》期末试卷A卷
课程归属部门：外国语学院 试卷适用范围：英语本科
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I。  Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. Write your answers on the Answering Sheet. （15%)

1. Language change is a gradual and constant process, therefore often indiscernible to speakers of the same generation.
2. In general, linguistic change in grammar is more noticeable than that in the sound system and the vocabulary of a language。
3. “Fridge” is a word formed by abbreviation.
4. The way children acquire the language is one of the causes for language change。
5. Language use varies from one speech community to another, from one regional group to another, from one social group to another， and even from one individual to another.
6. The linguistic markers that characterize individual social groups may serve as social markers of group membership.
7. A lingua franca can only be used within a particular country for communication among groups of people with different linguistic backgrounds.
8. The major difference between a pidgin and a creole is that the former usually has its native speakers while the latter doesn’t.
9. L1 development and L2 development seem to involve the same processes.
10. All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language.
11. Children follow a similar acquisition schedule of predictable stages along the route of language development across cultures, though there is an idiosyncratic variation in the amount of time that takes individuals to master different aspects of the grammar。
12. Human beings are genetically predetermined to acquire language； this genetic predisposition is a sufficient condition for language development.
13. Children who grow up in culture where caretaker speech is absent acquire their native language more slowly than children who are exposed to caretaker speech。
14. Correction and reinforcement are not key factors in child language development as they were claimed to be。
15. Imitation plays at best a very minor role in the child's mastery of language。
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II. Directions： Read each of the following statements to decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B， C or D in the Answering Sheet。（30％）

1. Language change is essentially a matter of change ________。
A. in collocations                 B. in meaning C。 in grammar                   D。 in usages
2。 _________ is a process of combining two or more words into one lexical unit。
A. Derivation                     B. Blending C。 Compounding                  D. Abbreviation
3。 “Wife”, which used to refer to any woman, stands for “a married woman in modern English。 This phenomenon is known as ________。
A。 semantic shift        B. semantic broadening C。 semantic elevation       D。 semantic narrowing
4. English language belongs to _________。
A. Indo-European Family            B. Sino—Tibetan Family
C。 Austronesian Family              D. Afroasiatic Family
5. By analogy to the plural formation of the word “dog-s”, speakers started saying “cows” as the plural of “cow” instead of the earlier plural “kine"。 This is the case of _________。
A. elaboration        B. external borrowing C。 sound assimilation             D。 internal borrowing
6. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its _____.
A。 use of words                     B. use of structures C。 accent                        D。 morphemes
7。 _______ are the major source of regional variation of language.
A. Geographical barriers
B。 Loyalty to and confidence in one’s native speech
C。 Physical discomfort and psychological resistance to change
D. Social barriers
8. _________ means that certain authorities， such as the government choose a particular speech variety， standardize it and spread the use of it across regional boundaries。
A. Language interference                 B. Language changes
C。 Language planning                    D。 Language transfer
9。 _________ in a person’s speech or writing usually ranges on a continuum from casual or colloquial to formal or polite according to the type of communicative situation.
A. Regional variation                   B. Changes in emotions
C. Variation in connotations              D. Stylistic variation
10. In normal situations, ____ speakers tend to use more prestigious forms than their ____ counterparts with the same social background。
 A。 female； male                      B. male; female C。 old; young                       D. young; old
11。 Linguists have found that for the vast majority of children, language development occurs _____________。
A. with much imitation
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III。 Direction: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word， the first letter of which is already given and finish it in the Answering Sheet。（10%）

B. with little conscious instruction
C。 with much correction from their parents
D。 with little linguistic input  
12。 According to the _______， the acquisition of a second language involves, and is dependent on， the acquisition of the culture of the target language community.
A。 acculturation view             B. mentalist view
C。 behaviorist view              D. conceptualist view
13. In general， a good second learner is an adolescent ________。
A。 who has a strong and well-defined motivation to learn
B. who seeks out all chances to interact with the input
C. who is willing to identify himself with the culture of the target language community
D。 all the above
14. The formal instruction in second language acquisition ___________.
A。 has no effect at all
B. has a powerful delayed effect
C。 has very little effect
D。 has unsatisfactory effect  
15. Which of the following is not true？
A. Interlanguage is a product of communicative strategies of the learner.
B。 Interlanguage is a product of mother tongue interference。
C。 Interlanguage is a product of overgeneralization of the target language rules。
D. Interlanguage is the representation of learners’ unsystematic L2 rules。  
1。 The social group isolated for any given study is called the speech c________.
2. Speech v_________ refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or group of speakers.
3。 A___________ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.
4。 The C________ Analysis was founded on the belief that it was possible, by establishing the linguistic differences between the native and target language systems， to predict what problems learners of a particular second language would face and the types of errors they would make。
5. Learners subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second language. This is known as language t___________.
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IV。 Direction: Explain the following terms in the Answering Sheet.（25%)

1。 back—formation  
2. semantic shift        
3. pidgin  
4. interlanguage
5. fossilization
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V. Direction： Answer the following questions in the Answering Sheet。（20％）

1. Discuss the contrastive analysis in detail。
2. What are the causes of language change? Discuss them in detail。
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