现在分词和过去分词的用法区别教学教材.doc

现在分词和过去分词的用法区别

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现在分词和过去分词的用法区别

（一）分词的作用
·现在分词可用于：
·①构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English.
·②当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing.
·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。
    ·e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air.
    ·I saw many birds flying along the river.
    ·The story is very moving.
  ·过去分词可用于：
·①构成完成时。 e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there.
·②构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world.
·③当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful.
·④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。
    ·e.g. a boy named Tom
    ·I saw the girl killed with my own eyes.
    ·I’m interested in English.

（二）现在分词与过去分词的两大差别
1.在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。
2.在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。

（三）确定分词的使用的具体步骤
（1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分
（2）找准逻辑主语
（3）判断主、被动关系
（4）选定现在或过去分词

1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed   B. following   C. to be followed   D. being followed
2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.
A. first playing                    B. to be first played
    C. first played                     D. to be playing
3. What’s the language ____ in Germany?
  A. speaking         B. spoken           C. be spoken         D. to speak
4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited           B. to invite         C. being invited       D. inviting
5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written  B. to be written   C. being written   D. written

（四）分词作表语
共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。
　 不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。　
1. The news sounds ____.
    A. encouraging   B. encouraged   C. encourage   D. to encourage
2. —How did Bob do in the exams this time?
—Well, his father seems ____ with his results.
    A. pleasing        B. please            C. pleased        D. to please
3. —How did the audience receive the new play?
—They got very ____.
    A . excite          B . excited           C . excitedly         D . exciting

（五）分词作宾语补足语
共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。
　　不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead.
    A. lying                 B. lie                            C. lay                    D. laying
2. —Good morning. Can I help you?
    —I’d like to have the package ____, madam.
    A. be weighed      B. to be weighed     C. to weigh         D. weighed
3. He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself ______.
    A. understand    B. understanding   C. understood   D. understands
4. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ____ against your face.
    A. moved            B. moving            C. moves             D. to move

（六）分词作状语
共同点：分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。
　　不同点：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ，____ to the notice.
    A. angrily pointing                      B. and point angrily
    C. angrily pointed                       D. and angrily pointing
2. ____ a reply, he decided to write again.
    A. Not receiving                         B. Receiving not
    C. Not having received                D. Having not received
3. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
    A. having added     B. to add        C. adding          D. added
  4．The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back.
    A. being tied       B. having tied      C. to be tied        D. tied

【模拟试题】
I. 单项选择
1. ____ the house on fire, he dialed 119. 　
A. To see                B. Seeing            C. Having seen         D. Being seen
2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth.  I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth ____.
A. fix                     B. fixing               C. fixed                   D. to fix
3. We’re ___ to listen to her ____ voice.  It’s ___　to hear her sing.
A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure               B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure
C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure            D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure
4. ___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps.
A. Passed, buying                               B. Passing, to buy
C. Having passed, buy                        D. Pass, to buy
5. ____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A. Comparing         B. To compare      C. Compared           D. Having compared
6. Here are some new computer programs ____for home buildings. 
A. designing            B. design              C. designed              D. to design
7. ____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.
A. To save              B. Saving              C. Saved                 D. Having saved
8. The teacher came into the classroom ____by his students.
A. following                                       B. to be following
C. followed                                        D. having followed
9. With the money ___, he couldn’t buy any ticket.
A. to lose                B. losing               C. lost                     D. has lost
10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself ____.
A. being heard         B. hearing             C. heard                  D. hear
11. The result of the test was rather _____.
A. disappointed                                  B. disappointing
C. being disappointed                          D. disappoint
12. I’ve never heard the word ____in spoken English.
A. use                    B. used                 C. using                  D. being used

  13. _____how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. 
A. Not to know       B. Not knowing     C. Knowing not             D. Not known
14. Deeply __, I thanked her again and again.
A. being moving      B. moved              C. moving               D. to be moved
15. With winter _____on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.
A. came                 B. comes              C. come                  D. coming
16. ___the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building. 
A. Having shown                                B. Showing
C. Has shown                                    D. Having been shown
17. He went from door to door, ____waste papers and magazines.
A. gathering                                       B. gathered 
C. gather                                           D. being gathered
18. The student corrected his paper carefully, ____the professor’s suggestions. 
A. follow                B. following          C. followed              D. being followed
19. The ___price will save you one dollar for each dozen.
A. reduce               B. reducing           C. reduced               D. reduces
20. People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A. live                    B. to live               C. lived                   D. living
21. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn’t make his point ___.
A. understand                                    B. understanding
C. to understand                                 D. understood
22. The scientists were waiting to see the problem ______.
A. settle                 B. settled              C. to settle               D. settling
23. The library’s study room is full of students _____for the exam. 
A. busily prepared                              B. busy preparing
C. busily prepare                                D. are busily preparing
24. The ground is _____with  ____ leaves.
A. covering, falling                            B. covered, falling
C. covered, fallen                               D. covering, fallen
25. Lessons ____easily were soon forgotten. 
A. to learn                                         B. learn
C. learned                                          D. learning

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