非谓语的常见误用情况培训资料.doc

非谓语的常见误用情况精品文档非谓语的常见误用情况由于自身的特点和复杂性，非谓语动词是较难掌握语法项目之一，也是各类考题热点命题方向。非谓语动词内容很多，因此命题的知识点也有很多。各类考题除了考查非谓语动词的基本功能外，还考查非谓语动词的形式变化以及动词与非谓语动词的不同搭配等。易错点回顾：1. 下面短语中的to是介词，后面只能跟名词或动名词：devote oneself/ones time, energy, etc. to(投入)，get down to(着手干)，lead to (通向，导致)，object to(反对)，pay attention to (注意)，look forward to (盼望)，be used to (习惯于)，stick to (坚持)等。此种情况分类如下:一、动词+介词to+动名词1. admit to doing sth 承认做了某事2. apply to doing sth 适用于做某事3. object to doing sth 反对做某事4. see to doing sth 负责做某事5. stick to doing sth 坚持做某事6. take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事，逐渐习惯做某事。7. lead to通向8. see to 负责二、动词+宾语+介词to+动名词9.devote oneself to doing sth专心致力于做某事把献给做某事；献身于做某事10. limit sth to doing sth 把限制在做某事的范围内11. reduce sb to doing sth 使某人沦为做某事12. give ones life to doing sth 献身于做某事13. give ones mind to doing sth 专心做某事14. have a dislike to doing sth 厌恶做某事15. have an eye to doing sth 注意做某事15. have an eye to doing sth16. have an objection to doing sth 反对(反感)做某事17. pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事18. set ones mind to doing sth 决心做某事三、be+形容词(含过去分词)+介词to+动名词19. be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事20. be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事21. be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事22. be reduced to doing sth使某人沦为做某事23. be devoted to doing sth 把时间(钱，精力等)献给做某事24. be limited to doing sth把限制在做某事的范围内四、其他结构+介词to+动名词25. get down to doing sth开始做某事，认真处理某事26. look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事五、to作介词（后接名词、动名词）短语一览be / get / become used to 习惯于be given to 喜欢；癖好be related to与有关系be addicted to 沉溺于；对上瘾be opposed to反对devote oneself to献身于；专心于be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于be admitted to 被录取；准进入be reduced to 沦为reduceto使沦为be attached to附属于；喜欢；依恋be adjusted to适应be known to为所知be married to和结婚be sentenced to被判处be connected to和连在一起be exposed to暴露于；遭受be compared to 被比喻成compare to把比作be engaged to 与订婚be / become / get accustomed toaccustomed to惯于；有习惯be engaged to 与订婚get down to 着手做lead to 导致object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成put ones mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起look forward to盼望stick to坚持pay attention to注意attend to 专心；注意；照料see to负责；注意contribute to对作贡献；有助于make contributions to对作贡献apply oneself to 致力于come close to几乎；将近reply to 回答add to 增加add up to加起来in addition to除之外turn to转向；求助于feel up to 能胜任于look up to 尊敬admit to承认belong to 属于take to 喜爱；开始cling to 附着fall to 开始respond to 回答；对作出回应accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于amount to等于prefer to更喜欢set an example to 给树立榜样refer to 谈到；参考；查阅agree to sth. 同意某事 （比较：agree to do sth.同意做某事）prefer to更喜欢take / make a trip to到地方去jointo把和 连接起来turn a blind eye to对视而不见turn a deaf ear to 对充耳不闻show honor to向表示敬意put an end to(bring to an end) 结束set fire to 放火烧drink (a toast) to 为干杯propose a toast to 提议happen to 发生了事occur to sb. 想起；想到total up to 总计达be close to 几乎；将近hold to 坚持；抓住help oneself to 随便用hold on to抓住；固守do harm to 对有害处do wrong to 冤枉某人date back to 追溯到when it comes to 谈到时come to 来到；达到；结果为(比较：come to do sth逐渐做某事)give an eye to着眼于have an eye to doing 打算the key to 的答案describe to向描述treat sb. to sth. 请某人吃trust sth. to sb.把某物委托给某人pay a visit to参观access to 进入；取得的方法be a stranger to不习惯；对陌生on ones way to 在去某处的路上；在达成某事的过程中be kind to 对和善be important to 对重要be senior to年龄长于be equal to和相等be particular to 所特有的（比较：be particular about 对过于讲究；挑剔）be subject to 服从；隶属；易遭受患be familiar to 为熟悉be similar to 和相似be open to 对开放be loyal to对忠诚be helpful to对有益处be useful to对有用be good to sb对某人好 （比较：be good for 对有益处）be bad to 对不好be bad for（比较：对有害处）be new to 对不习惯；对陌生as to 关于；至于next to（否定词前）几乎；be due to do sth.预定要做某事next to 的旁边due to 由于；归因于thanks to 多亏了；由于owing to 由于；因的缘故in / with regard to 关于in /with relation to 关于；就而论subject to 在条件下；依照be given to 沉溺于be related to 与相关get down to着手做lead to着手做object to/ be opposed to反对put ones mind to全神贯注于be equal to 胜任devote oneself to献身于give rise to 引起look forward to 盼望pay attention to注意be addicted to 沉溺于对上瘾according to 根据access to 接近(某地的)方法contribute to为作贡献误 His whole family objected to his give up the job.正 His whole family objected to his giving up the job.2. 下列动词后只能跟不定式：afford, agree, ask, attempt, choose, decide, hope, expect, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等。误 He offered helping me.正 He offered to help me.3. 下列动词或动词短语的后面只能跟动名词：admit(承认)，appreciate, avoid, cant help(禁不住)， stand(忍受)， consider (考虑，打算)，enjoy, escape (躲避)，excuse, finish, give up, imagine, insist on, mind, miss（错过）, practise, put off, risk, set about, suggest(建议)等。误 He admitted to break the window.正 He admitted breaking the window.4. 下列动词后既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词，但含义不同：forget to do (忘记了要干什么) forget doing (忘了干过的事情)regret to do (指当时或现在遗憾地做什么) regret doing (后悔做了什么事情)try to do ( 试图干) try doing (尝试干)stop doing (停止干) stop to do (停下来去干另一件事情)mean to do (打算干) mean doing (意味着干)go on to do (继续去干另一件事情) go on doing (继续干同一件事情)误 He regretted to hurt his best friend.正 He regretted hurting his best friend.析表示后悔干过，regret后跟动名词。5. 下列动词后跟带to的不定式作补语：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。误 My father had expected me going to college.正 My father had expected me to go to college.析期望某人干是expect sb. to do sth.。6. 下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, look at, listen to等。误 The boy was made wash the truck as a punishment.正 The boy was made to wash the truck as a punishment.7. 在easy, difficult, hard, interesting, pleasant等形容词后的不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。误 I find the article difficult to be understood.正 I find the article difficult to understand.8. 在be worth, want, need, require后用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。误 The plant needs be watered.正 The plant needs watering.析need to be done=need doing,动名词主动形式表被动。9. 由不及物动词构成不定式且不定式与其有逻辑上的动宾关系时，动词的后面需加适当的介词补充说明前面的名词或代词。误 He is well prepared for the exam and has nothing to worry.正 He is well prepared for the exam and has nothing to worry about.析worry是不及物动词，且与前面的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此后面需加介词。例1 Having passed all the tests , she felt a great weight taking off her mind .takingtaken。此句的意思是通过了所有的测验，她感到去掉了一块心病。weight 与take off 是动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式，taken off 在句中作宾语补足语。例2In spite of his breaking English ,he can make himself understood.breakingbroken。broken English 表示不连贯的英语。例3I didnt go to visit the Science Museum on National Day but I hope it soon.itto。 为了表达简练，我们可把不定式中的动词和后面的部分省略，而仅仅保留不定式符号to。例4 The new college graduate insisted on sent where he was most needed.sent前加being。 insist 一词后接从句或on doing 短语，动词send和主语graduate 是动宾关系，所以需用动名词的被动式。【指导借鉴】非谓语动词具有灵活多变的特点，大家在判断使用何种非谓语动词形式时，可遵循以下规律：1. 对比时间：对照谓语动词的时间，确定非谓语动词的时态形式非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下，如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，我们就用不定式的一般式；如果表示动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行，我们就用现在分词的一般式或不定式的进行式；如果表示动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，我们就用现在分词、不定式或动名词的完成式（特殊情况下，也可用动名词的一般式）。2辨明逻辑：从非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系判断非谓语动词的语态如果非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的发出者，即两者之间存在主谓关系，就用非谓语动词的主动式；如果逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的承受者，即两者之间存在动宾关系，就用非谓语动词的被动式。3. 两方面结合，判断时态、语态混合形式有些非谓语动词的形式把时态和语态的变化融合在一起，这时，我们可以把上述两方面结合起来判断。在非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的承受者的情况下，a)如果非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，就用现在分词的被动式；b)如果动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，就用不定式的被动式；c)如果动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，就用现在分词、动名词或不定式的完成被动式。收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除