语法填空解题技巧(无提示词)学案培训资料.docx

语法填空解题技巧(无提示词)学案

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The Skills of Rational Cloze -(without given words)

Learning aims:
1. To know the way of setting blanks in rational cloze
2. To know the common test points in rational cloze （focus on the blanks without given words） -（important points）
3. To command the skills of rational cloze （focus on the blanks without given words） -（difficult points）
Step1: The way of setting blanks in rational cloze
在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文在空白处填入适当的内容 （1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
There was once a farmer 1. ______had a fine olive orchard(果园). He was very hardworking, and the farm was always going well in his care. When the farmer felt that he had 2.____ limited life, he 3. _______ (call) his sons to him and said, “There is a pot of gold 4.________ (hide) in the olive orchard. Dig for it, if you wish for it.” After the farmer was 5. ______(die), his three sons went 6. _______ (find) the pot of gold; since they did not know where the hiding-place was, they agreed to dig until one of 7. _______ (they) found the gold.
They dug until they had turned the soil up from one end of the orchard 8. _______ the other. But no pot of gold was found. The three sons were 9. __________ (extreme) disappointed to have all their work for nothing. The next olive season, the trees there bore 10. ______(much) fruits than they had ever given; when it was sold, it gave them a whole pot of gold. They suddenly understood what the wise father had meant.
Step2: The common test points in rational cloze（focus on the blanks without given words）
考点1：介词 （preposition）
考查的重点是简单介词的基本用法；同时，也考查固定搭配中的介词。
Eg. Though she is a girl, she is interested in basketball.
This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as… (2017全国卷一)
1. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ____work. (2017全国卷二)
2. Most of us are more focused ____our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. (2016全国卷二)
3. _____ a good education, he easily found a good job.
考点2：冠词 （article）
不定冠词(a/an)指“任何一个”，还指“每一”等。定冠词(the)表示特指，如the same, the top;还用于序数词或形容词的最高级前。
Eg. It was mid-afternoon and I had been listening to the radio and reading a book.
4.（2015.全国2）The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ______most of architects and engineers.
5. As ____ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. (2017全国卷一)
6. However, whether you consider dance to be ____ art or a sport, the important thing is to enjoy it!
考点3：连接词（conjunction）
此处的连接词包括：各类从句的“引导词”，如引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词、连词(whether, if, that)，引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词，引导状语从句的从属连词；连接并列的单词、短语或句子的并列连词。(如and, but, or, while, so等）
Eg. Their rapid pace enables them to attack humans without warning, which is why the sharks are so dangerous.

7. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ____is not good for the health. (2017全国卷一)
8. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____ I was the first western TV reporter … (2016全国卷一)
9.（2014.全国1）But the river wasn’t changed in a few days _____even a few months.
考点4：代词（pronoun）
主要考查it作指示代词的用法；还考查it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法。注意纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词。
Eg. I think it important to have a balanced diet.
10. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25000 people were using ____ every day. (2017全国卷二)
Step3: Summary（focus on the blanks without given words）
1. 分析句子，确定词性。
2.根据句意，确定填什么词。
①句子缺主语或宾语，一般填代词。
②名词前没有限定词，很可能是填冠词或者some/other等限定词。
③句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语，在名词或代词前面，应该用介词。
④若两个或几个单词、短语或句子之间没有连词也没有句号，应该用连词。
Step4: Practice (Fill in the blanks)
1.This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ____top.(2017全国卷二)
2. I can send a message to Ken whenever I want to, and _______gets there almost in a second.
3.（2015.全国1）For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away________ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
4. The science institute spends about 3.5 million dollars every year _______robot research.
5.（2015.广东）One day, the cow was eating grass _______it began to rain heavily.
6.（2015.全国1）I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
7. The house ________windows are broken is empty.
8.（2015.全国2）As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _______ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
9. When I was 14 years old, I was dragged by my best friend to an after-school dance class, ______I enjoyed so much that I have been dancing ever since.
Step5: Homework ( Fill in the passage )
Do you ever throw away food at home? Have you ever thought about 1.______ happens to the food 2. ___________ shops and supermarkets don’t sell? Well, you might be shocked to find out that approximately one third of food produced for human consumption gets wasted. What’s more, around 800 million people in the world do not have enough food to lead 3. ______ healthy life.
Many people in the UK are trying to do something about this imbalance and make use 4. ______ thrown-out food that is edible(可以吃的). 5.______ example, there is a café in Leeds 6. ______ meals are created using unsold food from supermarkets, including a lot of vegetables, fruit, fish and other items. This unwanted food is turned 7. ______ delicious soups that feed the hungry people of Leeds. Customers simply pay 8. ______ they can afford, or help with the washing up.
More cafes like this are being opened in other parts of the UK such 9.______ Bristol and Manchester, and it is now becoming a worldwide phenomenon. This is 10.______ amazing project as food waste is one of the world’s biggest problems. Also, new laws should be adopted, so that supermarkets don’t throw away so much perfectly good food!

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