确定主语单复数的三个原则教学内容.doc

确定主语单复数的三个原则

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主谓一致

一、确定主语单复数的三个原则
1. 语法上一致的原则
根据用作主语的名词的词尾变化，或用作主语的代词的形式来确定谓语的数或人称。
The boy plays football.
The boys play football well.

1> 在“主语+系语+表语结构”中，系动词要与主语的数保持一致，不受其标语的影响
Their greatest concern is the children.
The most appreciated gift was the clothes that you sent us.
What we need most is books
Paul is friends with Bill.
2> 与修饰主语的短语连用，谓语至于主语保持一致
along with, as well as, in addition to, accompanied by, rather than, as much as, no less than, including, besides, except, but, like
The factory with all its equipment has been burnt.
You as wll as I are wrong
The manager, along with his secretaries, is going to a dinner party tonight.

2. 概念上一致的原则
有时根据名词的单数或复数词尾并不能确定谓语动词的形式，说话人要表达的概念而起着决定性的作用。也就是说，要根据主语所表达的具体含义来确定它的数，而不是只看表面的词尾变化。
My family are all early risers.（指家中的全体成员，有复数含义）
His family has moved into the new house. （指整个家，用作单数）
Five minutes is enough. （一整段时间，看做单数）
The crew are waiting for instructions from the captain. （指全体船员，有复数含义）

3. 邻近一致原则
在某些句子中，谓语动词并不是与整个主语保持一致，而是要与并列主语中距离它最近的的名词或代词保持数或人称上的一致。
or, either…or…, neither/not…nor…, not only…but also…, not …but
Neither he nor they are wholly right.
Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.
Either your key or my key is missing.
Not only they but also their teacher has participated in the party.
He or I am in the wrong.

二、谓语用单数形式的情况
1> 动名词，动词不定式或主语从句作主语
Reading is a great pleasure in life.
To live means to create.
That we need more time is obvious.
2> 数词或“数词+复数名词（表示时间，距离，金额，重量，大小，体积等）”作主语。
Eight hours of sleeo is enough.
Five is an odd number.
A hundred miles is quite a drive, isn’t it?
Five tons is a heavy load.
Ten dollars is too much to pay for that shirt.
3> 复数形式的专有名词作主语
The Philippines consists of more than 7,000 islands.
The United Nations has its headquarters in New York City.
4> “many a/ more than one+单数名词” 作主语
Many a little makes a mickle.
积少成多。
More than one grammatical mistake was found in his composition.
5> 表示鸟兽鱼群的词如 a flock of birds, a pack of dogs, a pride of lions, a herd of cattle, a school of fish 作主语
A flock of birds is circling overhead.
The herd of cattle is breaking away.
那群牛跑散开去。

三、 主语含有 and时的谓语形式
1> “单数名词+ and +单数名词”作主语， 谓语动词用复数。
Joe and Bob are smart.
He and I are good friend.
The Poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.
那位诗人和那位小说家都出席了会议。
2> 如果有 and 所连接的并列主语指的是同一个人或物时， 谓语动词用单数。
The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.
这位政治家兼诗人戎马一生。
A teacher and novelist is going to make a speech in the hall.
一位教师兼小说家将在礼堂里发表演说。
A/The +单数名词（人）+ and + 单数名词（人）+ 单数谓语
指同一个人身兼两种职务
A/The +单数名词（人）+ and + a/the + 单数名词（人）+ 复数谓语
指不同职务的两个人
The conductor and composer was greeted by crowd of people.
乐队指挥兼作曲家受到了众多人的欢迎。
The conductor and the composer were greeted by crowd of people.
乐队指挥和作曲家受到了众多人的欢迎。
3> 有些用and 连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看做一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Knife and fork 刀叉， needle and thread 针线， a cup and saucer 带茶托的茶杯，
a horse and carriage 马车， trial and error 正误实验法， law and order 法律和秩序
Law and order has been established.
法律和秩序已经建立起来了。
Bread and butter is our daily food.
涂黄油的面包是我们的日常食品。
Fish and chips is a popular fast food.
炸鱼加炸薯条是一种大众化的快餐。
The stars and stripes is the national flag of U.S.A.
星条旗为美国国旗。
The sun and substance of the speech was antiwar.
这个演讲的主要内容是反战的。

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