主谓一致备课讲稿.doc

主谓一致

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伊宁市第三中学导学案
Unit 1 Women of achievement
Period 2（Grammar）
备案人：梁辉 苏晓岩 韩静
学习目标
【词汇目标】复习导学案一的单词
【短语目标】复习导学案一的短语
【语法目标】SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT(主谓一致)
【能力目标】通过学习导学案培养自学和探究性学习能力
助学板块
主谓一致是指英语句子中的主语和谓语在人称和数方面的一致，这是中学英语中最基本的语法项目之一。
1. 主谓一致的三个原则
A． 语法一致的原则：是指谓语动词要和它的主语在形式上取得一致，即单数主语用单数动词，复数主语用复数动词。
These books are all Wei Fang’s. 这些书都是魏芳的。
B． 意义一致的原则：是指谓语动词的单数或复数取决于主语表达的意义，而不是形式。
The news is inspiring. 这个消息令人鼓舞。
C． 邻近一致的原则：即谓语动词的数与它最邻近的名词或代词的数要保持一致。
Either you or he is mad. 不是你疯了，就是他疯了。
2. 复数主语用单数动词的情况
A． 表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织等的专有名词作主语时，通常作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。
Arabian Nights is an interesting book. 《天方夜谭》是一本有趣的书。
B． 以—ics结尾表示学科名称的名词作主语，谓语用单数。这类名词有physics, politics, mathematics等；以—s结尾的名词如news, plastics, works等同属此类。
Plastics is a kind of matter. 塑料是一种物质。
C． 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、度量、容量、温度等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语用单数。
Two hours is not long enough for this work 对做这件工作来说，两个小时不算长。
1,000 kilometers is a long distance.
D． 一些由两个对应部分组成一体的复数名词，如trousers, glasses, shoes等作主语，用复数谓语，如前面若有“一条”“一副”“一把”之类的单位名词，谓语动词单复数形式应与这些单位词的数保持一致。
This pair of trousers is his brother’s. 这条裤子是他哥哥的。
比较：The trousers are his brother’s.
E．“the number of + 复数名词或代词”作主语时，表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数。
The number of people who own cars is increasing every year. 拥有汽车的人数每年都在增加。
比较：A number of people have cars now. 现在许多人都拥有汽车。
3. 形式上单数主语用复数动词的情况
A． 有些集合名词，如people, police, cattle等，虽然形式是单数，但意义却为复数，故谓语动词需用复数形式。
The police are searching for a thief. 警察正在搜捕一名小偷。
比较：The Chinese people is a great people. 中华民族是一个伟大的民族。（people 作为“民族”讲时，作单数用）。
B． 某些形容词加上定冠词the,如the old, the young, the dead, the rich, the sick等，用来表示一类人，其意义为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
The rich are for the plan, but the poor are against it. 富人赞成这个计划，而穷人反对。
如果这些词表示抽象概念或指个人时，谓语仍用单数。
The wounded was taken to a hospital. 这个伤员被送到了医院。
The beautiful is not always the same as the good. 漂亮的不一定就是好的。
4. 同是单数主语，谓语动词形式不同的情况
A． 有些集体名词，如family, class, group, team, company, enemy, government, couple, public等，若作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，如果就其中一个个成员来考虑，谓语动词则用复数。
My family is a large one. 我家是一个大家庭。
My family are all workers. 我的一家人都是工人。
The team is very strong. 这个队很强。
The team are taking a bath.队员们都在洗澡。
The group was defeated .这个组被打败了。
The group are discussing the problem now.组员们正在讨论这个问题。
B． 一些表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词（形式上是单数）作主语，谓语动词用单数
还是复数，应根据其后所接名词的单复数形式而定或上下语境来确定，这些名词或代词有all, any, some, part, half, enough, most, the rest等。
All are here. 大家都来了。（指人）
All you said is right. 你说的都对。
Half of the workers are young people. 有一半工人是年轻人。
Half of the work has been done. 有一半工作已经做完了。
C．“Either (Neither, None) of + 复数名词”作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但“None of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词也可用复数，None 后跟不可数名词时，谓语用单数。
None of us has/have been to England. 我们中没有一个人到过英国
Either of the books is good.两本书中的哪个都好。
Neither of the answers is right.两个答案都不对。
D．“分数或百分数+名词”作主语，谓语的数要与名词的数一致。
More than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water. 我们这颗行星70%多的表面被水覆盖。
One-third of the students are girls in our group. 我们组三分之一的成员都是女生。
注意：“one of + 复数名词”后面所接的定语从句谓语用复数；而“the（only）one of + 复数名词”后面所接的定语从句谓语却用单数。
He is one of the students who have been to Beijing. 他是到过北京的学生之一。
He is the only one of the students who has been to Beijing。 他是唯一到过北京的学生。
5. 并列主语与谓语动词的一致关系
A． 由and或both…and连接的两个主语，正常情况下用复数形式的谓语动词。
Fire and water do not agree. 水火不相容。
Both Tom and Mary are students. 汤姆和玛丽都是学生。
注意：在下列情况中，谓语动词需用单数形式：
① 由and连接的两个（或两个以上）单数主语指同一人、同一物或同一概念，常是一个冠词修饰两个名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
The teacher and writer has come to the meeting. 那位老师兼作家来参加会议了。
比较：The teacher and the writer have come to the meeting. 那位老师和那个作家来参加会议了
② 由and连接的两个单数主语，如果前面有every, each, no或many a等词修饰，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl has the right to education, 每一个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。
No sound and no voice is heard for a long time. 很长时间没有听到一点声音了。
Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall. 要把许多桌子和凳子搬出大厅。
B． 由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数一般与后一个主语的数相一致。
You or I am going to meet them at the station this afternoon. 我或者你今天下午要去车站接他们。
Neither his parents nor his wife is at home. 他父母和他妻子都不在家。
C． 有as well as和rather than连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数取决于前一个主语。
The teacher as well as the students likes the painting. 老师和学生喜欢这幅画。
Jean, rather than her brothers, is to meet with her parents. 是琼而不是她的兄弟们要去接她父母。
注意：在主语后如果有but, besides, except, like (介词，像...), including, with, along with, together with等介词连接的词语，谓语动词的数与前面主语的数相一致。
He like Li Ming and Wang Yong is very clever. 他像李明和王永一样很聪明。
The professor with a number of students was doing experiments in the lab at that time. 那时教授带着许多学生正在实验室做实验。
Mary together with her sisters, has gone back. 玛丽，还有她的姐妹们已经回来了。
几种特殊结构的主谓一致
A．“a +单数名词+ or two”作主语，谓语用单数；但是“one or two + 复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
A day or two has passed. 一两天已经过去了。
One or two days have passed. 一两天已经过去了。
B．“more than one + 单数名词”结构作主语，虽有复数意义，习惯上多用谓语动词的单数形式。
More than one question was raised. 不止一个问题被提了出来。
C．“many a + 单数名词”作主语，尽管意义上是复数，但也用单数谓语。
Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生都通过了考试。
D．“one and a half + 复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
One and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上剩下一个半苹果。
E．由each 或each 修饰名词作主语，谓语用单数。如果each位于复数主语之后或在句末作主语的同位语，不影响谓语动词的数，谓语动词仍用复数形式。
Each of the students has a new book. 每个学生都有一本新书。
The students each have a new book. 每个学生都有一本新书。
F．动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Walking on the moon is very difficult. 在月球上行走很困难。
如果两个或两个以上的动名词、不定式或从句作主语，谓语用复数。
G．kind/sort/type of +名词作主语，谓语动词以这些名词的单复数来定。
this kind of book(s) = book(s) of this kind
This kind of books sell well.
Books of this kind sell well.

注意：学案内容只进行检测，课堂上不再进行讲解，请同学们课下认真自学。

伊宁市第三中学导学案测试卷
Unit 1 Women of achievement
Period 2 Grammar（Subject-verb agreement）
一、单项选择。（4’×15）
1. The teacher and artist _____ to visit our school. Please get everything ready.
A. is coming B. are coming C. have come D. was coming
2. Every one in these schools _____ English well.
A. speaks B. speak C. have spoken D. speaks in
3. A woman with two boys _____ to the garden.
A. are coming B. is coming C. were coming D. is come
4. Ten thousand dollars _____ a lot of money.
A. is B. are C. mean D. are thought
5. The windows of our classroom _____ every day.
A. is cleaned B. are cleaned C. are cleaning D. is cleaning
6. None of the money _____ his.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
7. One pair of the trousers _____ not enough.
A. is B. are C. has D. were
8. Class One _____ all out when the door opened.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
9. Each of the books _____ a red cover.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
10. Apples of this kind _____ well.
A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold
11. No bird and no beast _____ on the lonely island.
A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees
12. None but those who invest enough time and energy _____ the chance to succeed.
A. has B. is having C. win D. grasped
13. The old _____ in our socialist countries.
A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. takes good care of D. is taken good care of
14. A library with five thousand books _____ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
15. He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
二、改错（请在每个句子中找出错误然后并能说明错误原因）(8’×5)
1. One third of the land have been polluted. _____________
2. He rather than his sisters are going to the party. ______________
3. The company was having a break for tea. ______________
4. The rich is not always happy. ______________
5. In front of the house is some flowers. ______________

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