2021广东省揭阳市高考英语学案：阅读理解练习(7)及答案解析(9月).docx

2021广东省揭阳市高考英语学案：阅读理解练习（7）及答案解析（9月）

【英语卷(解析)·2021届河南省顶级名校高三入学定位考试（202208）】A
Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.
Recently, two researchers, Jose Milan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person’s thoughts.
In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.
“Our brain has billions of nerve cells. These send signals through the spinal cord （脊髓）to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”
The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.
Prof. Milan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.”
He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.
1. BCI is a technology that can ________.
A. help to update computer systems
B. link the human brain with computers
C. help the disabled to recover
D. control a person's thoughts
2. How" did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory? A. By controlling his muscles. B. By talking to the machine.
C. By moving his hand. D. By using his mind.
3. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?
A. scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair
B. computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair
C. scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair
D. cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair
4. The team will test with real patients to ________.
A make profits from them B. prove the technology useful to them
C. make them live longer D. learn about their physical condition
5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Switzerland, the BCI Research Center
B. New Findings About How the Human Brain Works
C. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled
D. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries
【答案】【学问点】C8 科普学问类
【文章综述】本文主要叙述了电脑与人的大脑和脊椎等之间如何建立联系，以更好地为人类服务。
【答案解析】
1. B。解析：细节题，依据第一段Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines可知brain-computer挂念残疾人将大脑的信息传递给电脑，也就是在大脑和电脑之间建立联系。故选B。
2. D。解析：细节题，依据第三段In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band可知Tavella在试验室是用大脑操作轮椅，故选D。
3. C。解析：排序题。依据第五段This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair可知C的排序正确。
4. B。解析：细节题。依据最终一段One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.可知用真正的病人验证就是为了证明它们是否对病人有用，故选B
5. C。解析：概括题。通读全文，并依据文章关键段第一段推断文章的题目选C。

阅读理解
For those who study the development of intelligence（智力）in the animal world, self-awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware（意识）of itself has a high
level of intelligence.
Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image（反射出的影像）．Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins, have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.
Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self-reflection test. "We thought that elephants were the next important animal," said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M. Plotnik and Fans B．M. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains, Reiss said, elephants "seemed like cousins to apes and
dolphins."
The researchers tested Happy, Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They put
an 8-foot-square mirror on a wall of the animals' play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.
The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it, and to examine parts of their bodies.
Of the three, Happy then passed the test, in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.
Diana Reiss said, "We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way."
1. What can mirror tests tell us about animals?
A. Whether they have large brains.
B ．Whether they have self-awareness.
C. Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises.
D. Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.
2. Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?
A. They are most familiar to readers.
B ．They are big favorites with zoo visitors.
C. They are included in the study by Reiss.
D. They are already known to be intelligent.
3. What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty?
A. She used her nose to search behind the mirror.
B. She recognized her own image in the mirror.
C. She painted a mark on her own face.
D. She found the hidden camera.
【参考答案】1---3、BDB

【英语卷(解析)·2021届河北省唐山市高三9月模拟考试（202209）WORD版】B
The Cuban iguana is a species of lizard（蜥蜴） of the iguana family． It is the largest of the West Indian rock iguanas, one of the most endangered groups of lizards． This species with red eyes and a thick tail is one of the largest lizards in the Caribbean．
The Cuban iguana is primarily herbivorous; 95% of its diet consists of the leaves, flowers and fruits from as many as 30 plant species, including the seaside rock bush and various grasses． However, Cuban iguanas occasionally consume animal matter, and individuals have been observed eating the dead flesh of birds, fish and crabs, The researchers wrote that quite a few people on Isla Magueyes could have caused this incident．
The Cuban iguana is distributed throughout the rocky southern coastal areas of mainland Cuba and its surrounding islands with a wild population booming on Isla Magueyes, Puerto Rico． It is also found on the Cayman Islands of Little Cayman and Cayman Brac, where a separate subspecies occurs． Females guard their nest sites and often nest in sites half destroyed by Cuban crocodiles． To avoid the attack from them, the Cuban iguana often makes its home within or near prickly-pear cacti （仙人掌）．
In general the species is in decline, more quickly on the mainland than on the outlying islands． One of the reasons for their decline is habitat destruction caused by the over consuming of farm animals, housing development, and the building of tourist resorts on the beaches where the animals prefer to build their nests． Although the wild population is in decline, the numbers of iguanas have been sharply increased as a result of captive-breeding（圈养） and other conservation programs．
25．The underlined word "herbivorous" （Paragraph 2） probably means ．
A． dangerous B． gentle C． plant-eating D． flesh-eating
26．Why does the Cuban iguana build its nest near prickly-pear cacti?
A． To keep itself cool． B． To get the food easily．
C． To stay away from people． D． To avoid crocodiles' attack．
27．How many reasons are mentioned for the habitat destruction?
A． Two． B． Three． C, Four． D． Five．
28．What's the author's purpose of writing the text?
A． To give us a brief introduction to the Cuban iguana．
B． To show he is concerned about the Cuban iguana．
C． To explain reasons for the Cuban iguana's decline．
D． To draw people's attention to the endangered Cuban iguana．
【答案】【学问点】C8 科普学问类
【文章综述】本文是篇科普类文章介绍是古巴岩鬣蜥的外形，饮食，分布及栖息地被破坏的现状。
【答案解析】
25.C 词意猜想。依据其次段提到95% of its diet consists of the leaves, flowers and fruits from as many as 30 plant species, including the seaside rock bush and various grasses．百分之九十五他的饮食包括叶，花，水果多达30个物种，故食草型动物，故选C项。
26.D 细节理解题。依据第三段提到To avoid the attack from them, the Cuban iguana often makes its home within or near prickly-pear cacti可知为了避开来自他人的攻击，故选D项。
27.B 细节理解题。依据最终一段提到One of the reasons for their decline is habitat destruction caused by the over consuming of farm animals, housing development, and the building of tourist resorts on the beaches where the animals prefer to build their nests可知被破坏缘由是农场动物的消费造成的栖息地的破坏,房地产开发和建设旅游度假村，故选B项。
28.A 推断题。第一段是对它的所属家庭的介绍，其次段介绍它的饮食，第三段讲它的分布，第四段讲面临灭亡的缘由，故选A项。

【英语卷(解析)·2021届河北省衡水中学高三小一调考试（202208）扫描版】C
It’s illegal for the police to attach a GPS unit to your car without your permission, as the U.S. Supreme Court settled in 2022. But if the police are in hot pursuit of a bank robber or other escaping criminals that threaten public safety, a GPS tracker is acceptable. But exactly how can the police GPS track a car that is moving fast?
The answer to that question comes from StarChase, a new police technology being used by a small-but growing number of law enforcement agencies. It allows the police to fire 4.5-inch glue-covered GPS bullet-like projectiles (放射体) from an air gun fixed in their police cars. If the GPS tracker makes contact with the escaping robber’s car, it’ll stick no matter how fast the vehicle is going. That way, the police will have a constant read on the car’s location and heading. Aside from simply apprehending (逮捕) criminals, it’s believed this new technology could help save lives. If the police successfully fire a GPS unit at a speeding criminal, they can pull back from a high-risk chase. Chases can be incredibly dangerous to all involved, including innocent bystanders and other drivers. Once the GPS bullet connects, there’s no need for the chase any longer.
Now, predictably, a GPS-loaded gun isn’t cheap. Police departments need to pay about $5,000 per vehicle for the technology, and individual GPS bullets cost as much as $250 each. That may sound expensive, but remember: The alternative is often thousands of dollars in property damage, and great human cost in injury and lost life. According to Star Chase, their GPS bullet system has an apprehension rate of 80% without any report of injury or property damage. If you’d like to learn more about the StarChase system, Popular Mechanics has just published a good article about it. There’s also plenty more information available at the company’s website.
28. When the GPS bullet sticks to the escaping robber’s car, the police can______ .
A. know the car’s condition
B. ensure the robber’s safety
C. play a fair game with the robber
D. know the car’s position and direction
29.The GPS bullets could help save lives mainly because
A. the bullets won’t hurt people
B. they can make the robber’s car stop
C. the police can stop the dangerous chasing
D. they have more advantages than normal bullets
30.From the text we can learn that GPS bullets
A. are useful for the police
B. are widely used in America
C. can control the rising crime rate
D. can replace the police in the future
31. In which part of a newspaper can we read the text
A.Life B.Nature C.Fashion D.Technology
【答案】【学问点】C8 科普学问类
【文章综述】本文叙述一种新型的GPS定位追踪子弹头，可用来追捕罪犯，来确定他的公位置与方向，也可用来避开高风险的追捕
【答案解析】
28. D 细节理解题。依据其次提到If the GPS tracker makes contact with the escaping robber’s car, it’ll stick no matter how fast the vehicle is going. That way, the police will have a constant read on the car’s location and heading.可知用来知道抢劫犯的位置与方向，故选D项。
29. C 细节理解题。依据其次段提到If the police successfully fire a GPS unit at a speeding criminal, they can pull back from a high-risk chase. Chases can be incredibly dangerous to all involved, including innocent bystanders and other drivers.可知假如警察把这种装置安在犯罪的车上，他们可以撤出高风险的追赶，避开危及自身以及四周无辜的群众，故选C项。
30. A 推断题。依据最终一段提到According to Star Chase, their GPS bullet system has an apprehension rate of 80% without any report of injury or property damage.依据定位卫星，这个定位装置有个百分之八十的成功率，推断用于警方，故选A项。
31. D 推断题。本文叙述一种新型的GPS定位追踪子弹头，可用来追捕罪犯，来确定他的公位置与方向，也可用来避开高风险的追捕，所以这篇文章毁灭在科技版面，故选D项。

【阅读理解】
For those who study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal world，self­awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware (意识) of itself has a high level of intelligence.
Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image (反射出的影像). Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans，and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins，have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.
Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self­reflection test.
“We thought that elephants were the next important animal，”said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M. Plotnik and Fans B. M. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains，Reiss said, elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins.”
The researchers tested Happy. Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They put an 8­foot­square mirror on a wall of the animals' play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.
The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it，and to examine parts of their bodies.
Of the three, Happy then passed the test，in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.
Diana Reiss said，“We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.”
文章通过试验说明能意识到自身形象的动物具有高智商