2021届高考英语二轮复习提能专训-语法2-专题二-冠词-Word版含解析.docx

提能专训(二).单句语法填空(冠词)1In the ricegrowing world, _ Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is _ leading figure.答案：the; a解析：考查冠词。句意：在水稻种植领域，中国科学家袁隆平是一位领军人物。单数名词scientist后面有特定人名作同位语，因此表示特指，第一空应用定冠词the；单数名词figure前加不定冠词，表示泛指，其次空应填不定冠词。2All of life is _ act of letting go, but what hurts the most is not taking _ moment to say goodbye.答案：an; a解析：考查冠词。句意：人生就是要放手，然而最令人痛心的是，我们来不及说一声再见。第一空，act后有定语修饰，表示“放手的行为”，此时act为可数名词且发音以元音音素开头，其前应加不定冠词an；其次空，take a moment to do sth.表示“花点时间做某事”。3The result was out of his expectation. Harry looked at the medal in _surprise without saying_ word.答案：/; a解析：考查冠词。句意：这个结果出乎哈里的意料。他惊异地看着奖牌，什么话也没说。第一空，固定短语in surprise表示“惊异地”；其次空，单数可数名词word前加a表示“一句话”。4We would often go for _ drive with some friends at that time，purely for _ fun.答案：a; /解析：考查冠词。笫一空，go for a drive表示“开车去兜风”，为固定搭配；其次空，for fun“为了好玩”，为固定搭配。5Have you heard that Li Yapeng and Faye Wong divorced?Yes, _ news came as _ shock to me.答案：the; a解析：考查冠词。第一空，特指上面提到的王菲和李亚鹏离婚的这件事，故用定冠词the；其次空，此处是抽象名词具体化，表示“一件令人震惊的事情”，用不定冠词a。6Jack thought that he had _ gift for telling directions, so he didnt take _ compass with him on his weekend hike.答案：a; a解析：考查冠词。句意：杰克认为他有辨别方向的天赋，所以在周末的徒步旅行中，他没有带指南针。have a gift for意为“对有天赋”；compass是可数名词，所以前面需加不定冠词a。7How do you find the guy who took _ office last week?Hes always finding _fault with others.答案：/; /解析：考查冠词。句意：你觉得上周就职的那个人怎么样？他总是找别人的茬。take office“就职”，find fault with sb.“找某人的茬”，两者均为固定短语，故两个空均不填冠词。8What do you think we should do when _ earthquake happens?In my opinion, go to _ open space away from buildings or trees.答案：an; an解析：考查冠词。“_ earthquake表示“一场地震”，因此第一空用不定冠词an；space在此处表示“空地”，其前有形容词修饰，且表示泛指意义，所以其次空也用不定冠词an。9What I need is _ book that contains _ ABC of oil painting.答案：a; the解析：句意：我所需要的是一本含有油画基础学问的书。第一个空表泛指，应用不定冠词；其次个空后有of oil painting修饰，表特指，应用定冠词。10Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times.答案：a; a解析：考查冠词。句意：在那些困难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。drink此处是可数名词，意为“(饮料，尤指酒的)一杯，一口”，a drink表示泛指，而不是特指，不能用the；a comfort此处是抽象名词具体化的用法，指具体的一件令人欣慰的事情。11We are said to be living in _ Information Age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes.答案：the; a解析：考查冠词。句意：据说我们生活在信息时代，一个新发觉和宏大的转变发生的时代。第一个空是一般名词构成的专出名词，前面要加定冠词the；其次个空为抽象名词具体化，表示“一个的时代”，应填不定冠词a。12In _ most countries, a university degree can give you _ flying start in life.答案：/; a解析：句意：在大多数国家中，高校学位能给你一个人生快速进展的奇特开头。第一个空，泛指大多数国家。故不填冠词；其次个空后的start在此处为可数名词，应用a修饰。13Four and _ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and _ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.答案：a; a解析：four and a half hours四个半小时，固定搭配；其次个空a break表示休息一次。14He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump.答案：the; a解析：考查冠词。句意：他在跳高竞赛中没有赢得金牌，但是，在跳远竞赛中他还有(获得金牌的)机会。gold在表示“金子、黄金”时，是物质名词，不行数，但是表示“金牌”时，为可数名词。第一个空表示的是大家都知道的跳高竞赛中的那块金牌，所以用the；其次个空用a second表示“又一，再一”。15India attained _independence in 1947, after_long struggle.答案：/; a解析：句意：印度经过长期斗争后，在1947年获得了独立。由于independence是抽象名词，在本句表泛指，故前面用零冠词；struggle为可数名词，在本句中表示泛指，故其次个空格.阅读理解(科普争辩类人物故事类)A(2022东北三校高三联考)Some colors people see late at night could cause signs of clinical depression. That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They show that individuals who live or work in low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression. Doctors use the word “clinical depression” to describe severe form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and thoughts of death or suicide.In the new study, American investigators designed an experiment that exposed hamsters(仓鼠) to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal, which means they sleep during the day and are active at night.The animals were separated into four groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their nighttime period. Another group was placed in front of a blue light, a third group slept in front of a white light, while a fourth was put in front of a red light.After four weeks, the researchers noted how much sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the most depressed animals drank the least amount of water.Randy Nelson heads the Department of Neuroscience at Ohio State University. He says animals that slept in the blue light and white light appeared to be the most depressed. “What we saw is that these animals didnt show any sleep uneasiness at all but they did mess up biological clock genes and they did show depressive sign, while if they were in the dim red light, they did not. ”Randy Nelson notes that photosensitive (感光的) cells in the eyes have little to do with eyesight. He says these cells send signals to the area of the brain that controls what has been called the natural sleepwake cycle.He says theres a lot of blue in the white light. This explains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters seeing the red light or darkness.1. Researchers use hamsters in the experiment because _.A. they are similar to humans in dealing with colorsB. they are easy to observe and studyC. they are sensitive to colors like human beingsD. they are active at night and sleep during the day2. What sign shows that the hamsters are depressed?A. They drink less sugary water.B. They dont sleep well.C. Their eyesight becomes worse.D. Their energy level becomes low.3. _ tends to cause hamsters to be depressed.A. A dim light B. A red lightC. A blue light D. Darkness4. What can help people who work late at night to avoid being depressed?A. Not being exposed to a dim red light when using computers.B. Equipping their computer screen to put it more in a reddish light.C. Living or working in low levels of light overnight.D. Going to see doctors of clinical depression regularly for help.答案：【语篇解读】这是一篇科普文。美国的争辩人员通过动物试验发觉，通宵在昏暗的光线下生活和工作的人可能会患上重度抑郁症。1. D解析：细节理解题。其次段说，选择仓鼠作为试验对象是由于它们白天睡觉，夜间活动，因此选D。2. A解析：细节理解题。第四段说，争辩人员发觉喝糖水最少的仓鼠最为抑郁，因此选A。3. C解析：细节理解题。第五段说，在蓝色和白色灯光下睡觉的仓鼠表现得最为抑郁，因此选C。4. B解析：推理推断题。最终一段说，生活在蓝色和白色灯光下的仓鼠比生活在红色灯光下或黑暗中的仓鼠更抑郁，因此在红色光线中工作能防止抑郁，故B项正确。BJohn Cruitt, 62, spent decades tracking down his thirdgrade teacher.He wanted to talk with Cecile Doyle about 1958the year his mother, who was seriously ill, passed away.Her death came just days before Christmas. Cruitt had been expecting to go home from school and decorate the Christmas tree. “When I found out she died, I could certainly relate to that, because when I was 11, my own father died，” Doyle tells Cruitt at StoryCorps in Monroe, NY.“And you just dont know how youre going to go on without that person.”When Cruitt returned to school, Doyle waited until all of the other children left the room at the end of the day, and told him that she was there if he needed her.“Then you kissed me on the head，” Cruitt says. “And I felt that things really would be OK.”“Well, Cruitt, Im so glad that I could be there with you for that time，” says Doyle, 82.Decades after his mothers death, Cruitt began to think more and more of Doyle. He finally wrote a letter：Dear Mrs. Doyle，If you are not the Cecile Doyle who taught English at Emerson School in Kearny, NJ., then Im embarrassed, and you can disregard the letter.My name is John Cruitt, and I was in your thirdgrade class during the 19581959 school year. Two days before Christmas, my mother passed away, and you told me that you were there if I needed you. I hope life has been as kind to you as you were to me. God bless you.John CruittDoyle says his letter, which arrived in February, could not have come at a better time. Her husband, who passed away this August, was struggling with Parkinsons disease.“And I had just come home from the hospital, and I read this beautiful letter, and I just was overwhelmed，” she says.“Well the funny thing is, when I finally wrote to you again after 54 years, I typed the letterI was afraid my penmanship wasnt going to meet your standards，” Cruitt says as Doyle laughs.“John, what can I sayI m just glad that we made a difference in each others life.”5. After Cruitts mothers death, _.A. Cruitt totally relied on his fatherB. Doyle s words brought him comfortC. Cruitt didnt go to school regularlyD. Doyle asked his classmates to help him6. Before Cruitt wrote the letter, he _.A. knew Doyles husband had passed awayB. believed Doyle was leading a happy lifeC. considered it embarrassing to write to DoyleD. was unsure whether Doyle could receive the letter7. Doyle believed the letter _.A. was a belated gift B. came at just the right timeC. lifted her confidence greatlyD. served as a reminder of her husband8. Why did Cruitt type the letter?A. Doyle had taught him typing.B. He was better at typing than writing.C. Doyle would be able to read it without difficulty.D. He was afraid Doyle would be dissatisfied with his writing.答案：【语篇解读】本文是记叙文，文章叙述一位老人查找三班级时曾赐予自己莫大劝慰的老师的故事。5. B解析：细节理解题。由文章第五、六段内容可知，Doyle的话给了Cruitt很大劝慰。6. D解析：细节理解题。由Cruitt所写的信的第一段If you are not the Cecile Doyle who taught English at Emerson School in Kearny, NJ., then Im embarrassed, and you can disregard the letter可知，他不确定Cecile Doyle是否能收到这封信。7. B解析：细节理解题。由倒数第四段中的Doyle says his letter, which arrived in February, could not have come at a better time可知，Doyle认为这封信来得正是时候。8. D解析：细节理解题。由倒数其次段中的I was afraid my penmanship wasnt going to meet your standards可知，Cruitt担忧自己的书写会让Cecile Doyle不满足。.七选五(20222021一般高中高三教学质量监测)Have you fallen into a pattern of sleeping poorly? _1_ Getting a good night sleep is very important to your physical and emotional health. Here are some simple actions and choices you can make right now to help you sleep better at night.1Avoid coffee, smoke, and alcohol. If you want coffee in the afternoon or evening, drink less. An alcoholic drink, especially more than one, will not help you sleep better. A drink may, or may not, help you fall asleep, but alcohol causes you to sleep poorly and be unable to sleep all night. _2_2Dont overeat, but dont go to bed hungry. If you arent tired of milk, try a small glass of warm milk or a piece of mild cheese in the evening. A small piece of chicken or other protein(蛋白质) may also work well before bed. _3_3_4_ It can help you avoid lacking water and is generally good for your health. However, avoid water and other fluids for the last two hours before bedtime to reduce your need to go to the bathroom during the night.4Make your bedroom as quiet as you can. _5_ Consider using earplugs(耳塞) if your bedroom is noisy. Some people find that the white noise from a fan, as well as the air flow, helps them sleep better. Others find soft music or natural sounds like waves or bird songs to be relaxing and induce(导致) sleep. If you use music to help you fall asleep, you may find that you get better rest later in the night if you set the music to turn off after an hour.ADrink enough water early in the day.BIf you have a clock that ticks loudly, replace it.CIf you drink too much water, you will feel bad.DDont have your stomach empty before going to bed.EAre you concerned that you may not sleep well tonight?FAre you always worried about what you eat in the evening?GCigarettes are always an unhealthy habit, especially in the evening.1_2._3._4._5._答案：1.E2.G3.D4.A5.B.短文改错I was a newly qualified foothealth practitioner. One day I was in the phone to a female patient recently, go over the details of an appointment. I careful wrote down her address, phone number and the set time in case of I forgot. We were just finished the conversation when she said, “I hope you dont mind, so I have a rather strange question.” “Of course，” I reply. “Go right ahead.”“Well，” said a lady nervously, “I was wondering if they offered discounts because I only have one leg.” Feeling that the lady extremely serious, I said yes without hesitation.答案： .书面表达(20222021学年一般高中高三教学质量监测)假定你是李华，即将升入高三学习，某英文报就新高三学习的方案进行调查，请你结合以下调查问卷，给报社写封信，谈谈你的想法(参考图中提示)：留意： 1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数)； 2.可以适当添加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear editor， I am Li Hua, a Senior Two student._ _ _Hoping to receive your early reply.Yours，Li Hua答案：One possible version：Dear_editor，I_am_Li_Hua,_a_Senior_Two_student. Over the past two years, I have studied hard, but I havent learnt English well, especially in reading. Besides, I seldom asked my teacher and classmates questions. The summer holiday is coming. Ive made up my mind to make an improvement.To begin with, I will finish my homework, read a lot of reading materials in English and ask my teachers and classmates questions by emails or QQ. In addition, I will do some volunteer work and help those who are in need of help, learning more social experience.Next term, I will study harder than before. Not only will I learn basic knowledge but also I will improve my reading ability. I am determined to get a high mark in the College Entrance Examination and be admitted to a key university.Hoping_to_receive_your_early_reply.Yours，Li_Hua