2022天津宝坻区高考英语阅读类和短文改错练习(3)及答案.docx

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patient—to speed recovery or to cover the coming of death？In medicine as in law，government，and other lines of work，the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed (变矮小)by greater needs：the need to protect form brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy；to advance the public interest.
What should doctors say，for example，to a 46­year­old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who，though he feels in perfect health，is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months？Is it best to tell him the truth？If he asks，should the doctors reject that he is ill，or minimize the gravity of the illness？Should they at least hide the truth until after the family vacation?
Doctors face such choices often.At times，they see important reasons to lie for the patient's own sake；in their eyes，such lies sharply form self­serving ones.Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition，and that informing them risks destroying their hope，so that they may recover more slowly，or deteriorate (恶化)faster，perhaps even commit suicide (自杀)．
But other studies show that，contrary to the belief of many physicians；a great majority of patients do want to be told the truth，even about serious illness，and feel cheated when they learn that they have been misled.We are also learning that truthful information，humanely conveyed (传达)，helps patients cope with illness：help them tolerate pain better，need less medicine，and even recover faster after surgery.
There is urgent need to debate this issue openly.Not only in medicine，but in other profession as well，practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences (后果)seem avoidable only through deception(哄骗)．Yet the public has every reason to know professional deception，for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted，to spread，and to trust.Neither in medicine，nor in law，government，or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying，“What you don't know can't hurt you.”
1．According to the author's opinion，lies ________.
A．can benefit the patients
B．can help the patients to recovery
C．can do nothing to the patients' illness
D．can not benefit the patients
答案：A　细节理解题。从文章倒数其次段最终几句可得知答案。
2．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Most of the doctors believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition.
B．The truthful information helps patients to deal with their illness.
C．There is a need to discuss whether to lie to the patients.
D．It is true that“What you don't know can't hurt you.”
答案：D　细节理解题。文章最终，作者认为“What you don't know can't hurt you.”这一说法不对。
3．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．There is an urgent need to debate this issue openly.
B．Neither in medicine，nor in law，government，the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying.“What you don't know can't hurt you.”
C．The public has every reason to be aware of professional deception.
D．We need to discuss this issue in medicine，but not in other professions.
答案：A　主旨归纳题。第一句就是本段的主题句。
4．What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A．Deception is beneficial to patients.
B．Whether patients should be told the truth of their illness.
C．Whether patients really want to know the truth of their illness.
D．Who benefits from deception.
答案：B　主旨归纳题。通读全文可知，作者针对医生对病人隐瞒病情这一做法提出质疑：病人应不应当了解真相？了解真相对他们有没有好处？

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
　　Once upon a time, on his way to the Himalayas, was a saint(圣徒). He came across a shallow river he had to cross. Just when he was about to wet his feet, he saw a scorpion(蝎子)helplessly trying to come out of the river. It was almost touching the bank but not enough to gain hold of the ground. The saint saw scorpion’s struggle and decided to save it.
He picked up the scorpion in his right hand with the intention to place it on the dry surface. No sooner did he do that than the scorpion stung and rushed off the hand, landing in the water again. It struggled to come out of water again. The saint’s body was in pain but his mind, calm.
Seeing that the scorpion could lose its life, the saint used left hand this time to lift the scorpion out of water. However, it panicked and stung again. Once again, it sped off the hand and fell in water. He was left with both hands filled with pain. He was not the one to give up either.
He tried again. This time, he cupped his hands together and lifted the scorpion in one swift movement. Before it could react, he safely dropped it on the land. The scorpion disappeared into the pebbles that lay near the bank. He felt happy, for he succeeded in carrying out his rescue, for saving another life. It was worth the pain he thought.
At a distance, a man, surprised and shocked, had watched the whole process. He approached the saint and said, “Can I ask you a question please? ”
“Yes, you may. ”
“First of all there was no need to save a scorpion. It does no good to anybody. Secondly, if you must save it, you could have simply tried once. I’m surprised that even after it stung you, you still went on. Why? ”
“Oh! That’s pretty simple, ”he replied softly rubbing his stung hands against each other. “This was a scorpion, a creature really low on the food chain, a creature whose nature is to sting(蜇), to panic, to harm. It is supposed to be weak. However, I am supposed to be a saint, a person whose job is to love everybody, to offer love. I am supposed to be the strong one, the one higher up on the food chain. With my principles, my philosophy(人生观)and practice, I am supposed to save other creatures. Right? ”
The man nodded.
【文章大意】一个圣徒从河里挽救一只蝎子时, 先后被蜇了两次, 但他照旧努力把它救了出来。这让一位路人格外不理解。这位圣徒告知他: 作为一个圣徒, 我的职责是向全部的生命传达爱, 挽救其他的生命是我最大的幸福。
1. When a saint saw a scorpion struggling to come out of the river, he　　　.
A. was in the shallow river
B. was climbing the Himalayas
C. was on the river bank
D. had just crossed the river
【解析】选C。推理推断题。依据第一段可知, 从前, 有一个圣徒, 他徒步行走在前往喜马拉雅山的路上。途经一条小河, 当他刚要踏入小河时, 一只挣扎想逃离水面的蝎子映入眼帘。由此可推断出答案为C。
2. Why did the scorpion sting and rush off his right hand?
A. Because it was full of panic at that time.
B. Because it wanted to get to the bank itself.
C. Because the saint harmed it badly.
D. Because the saint tried to kill it.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。依据第三段中的However, it panicked and stung again. 可知, 当时是由于慌张失措, 蝎子才对他进行攻击。故答案为A。
3. How did the man nearby feel at the saint’s behaviour of saving the scorpion?
A. Happy. B. Angry.
C. Frightened. D. Puzzled.
【解析】选D。观点态度题。依据第七段内容: 首先, 挽救一只蝎子是没有必要的, 对谁来说这都是没有好处的。其次, 您救它一次就够了。令人惊异的是, 即便它蜇了您, 您却照旧努力去救它。这是为什么? 由此可推断出他对圣徒的行为感到迷惑不解。故答案为D。
4. From the passage we can infer　　　.
A. the saint regretted having saved the scorpion later
B. the scorpion stung the saint three times in all
C. the man thought the saint a fool and left angrily
D. the saint thought it his duty to save other creatures
【解析】选D。推理推断题。依据最终一段内容: 作为一个圣徒, 我的职责是向全部生命传达爱。我的原则、人生观和生活历练告知我, 我应当挽救其他的生命。由此可推断出答案为D。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Attention Tim Hortons
Stainless Steel Travel Mug Owners
Lid Recall----15 oz Stainless Steel Travel Mug
A fault at the cup has been recognized．The fault may result in some lids lifting slightly from the body of the mug，and could probably cause injury from hot liquid leaking．Therefore，we have given an immediate lid recall notice．This recall notice is related only to Tim Hortons15 oz stainless Steel Travel Mugs sold between October 2010 and January 2011．The bottom of the mug is stamped with distributor's（经销商）name，Thermo Serv．There is no printing on the handle of the mug．
At Tim Hortons，we value out customers’ safety above anything else．So, whether your lid is leaking or not，in the interest of your safety, we are requesting that you bring your mug to your nearest Tim Hortons（excluding Esso Tim Hortons）,where they will exchange the lid for a new lid that fits safely．The new lids will be available February l，2011.
Please do not use your mug until you exchange the lid．
Here’s what you do：
● Please do not use your mug until you have exchanged the lid for a new one．
● New lids will be available February 2,2011．
● Return your travel mug to a Tim Hortons store．
● Your lid will be exchanged for a new lid．
If you prefer to return the entire mug，bring it back at any time for a full repayment．
If you have any questions regarding his recall，please contact us at：
Toll Free Number：l—888—508一77l7
8：30 a．m．~5：00 p．m．Eastern Standard Time
1．This advertisement is trying to ．
A．introduce a new type of mugs
B．persuade people to buy a new steel mug lid
C．inform people of exchanging a lid
D．warn against the danger of using the faulty mug
2．The advertisement is mainly aimed at those who ．
A．often travel around B．have 15 oz Stainless mugs
C．want to buy 1 5 oz Stainless mugs D．are selling the Tim Hortons mugs
3．According to the advertisement, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．People should stop using the Tim Hortons15 oz stainless steel travel mug immediately．
B．People can return the lid between October 2010 and January 2011．
C．People can get the money back if they return the faulty mug．
D．Tim Hortons does its duty to care about the customers’ safety ．
答案：1——3 CBB

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Welcome
Welcome to Windsor Castle, the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world. Windsor is one of the official residences of the Queen, who sometimes stays here.
Audio tours
Free audio tours are available on leaving the Admission Centre at the start of your visit. There is a descriptive audio tour for blind and poor-sighted visitors.
Guided tours
Visitors can explore the history of the Castle through a tour of the Precincts with an expert guide. Tours depart at regular intervals throughout the day from the Courtyard and finish at the entrance to the State Apartments.
Visitors with children
For those visiting with children, a special family tour and various activities are offered during school holidays and at weekends. Please note that, for safely reasons, pushchairs are not permitted in the State Apartments. However, baby carriers are available to borrow.
St George’s Chapel
Visitors arriving at the Castle after 15:00 from March to October are advised to visit St George’s Chapel first before it closes.

Shopping
Shops offer a wide range of souvenirs designed for the Royal Collection, including books, postcards, china, jewellery, and children’s toys. Please ask at the Middle Ward shop about our home delivery service.
Refreshments
Bottled water can be purchased from the Courtyard and Middle Ward shops. Form April to September ice cream is also available. Visitors wishing to leave the Castle for refreshments in the town may obtain re-entry permits from the castle shops. Eating and drinking are not permitted in the State Apartments or St George’s Chapel.
Photography and mobile phones
Non-commercial photography and filming are welcomed in the Castle. Photography, video recording and filming are not permitted inside the State Apartments or St George’s Chapel in consideration of other visitors.
Security
As Windsor Castle is a working royal palace, visitors and their belongings should get through airport-style security checks. For safety and security reasons a one-way system operates along the visitor route.
1. A visitor can apply for a free audio tour _________.
A. in the Courtyard B. in the State Apartments
C. at the Admission Center D. at St George’s Chapel
2. What is specially offered to visitors with kids?
A security guard. B. A pushchair. C. A free toy. D. A baby carrier.
3. Who can get re-entry permits?
A. Visitors wishing to eat outside the Castle.
B. Visitors buying gifts in the castle shops.
C. Visitors buying water from the Courtyard.
D. Visitors eating outside St George’s Chapel.
4. Why are visitors required to turn off their mobile phones?
A. To ensure the safety of others.
B. To ensure the security of the Castle.
C. To prevent them from disturbing others.
D. To prevent the use of the built-in cameras.
5. In the last part, a “working royal palace” refers to one ___.
A. still being constructed
B. still used by the royal family
C. where the Queen usually works
D. where works of art are on show
答案：1——5 CDACB

短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分l0分)
I saw an accident happened on my way to home this afternoon. A girl was crossing the street on a zebra crossing while a young man drove a motorbike towards her. The young man saw the girl but tried to stop, but he drove too fast to stop. He hit the girl and fell off her motorbike. The girl was badly hurt and couldn’t move. The young man didn’t know how to do. I ran to a phone box nearby and dialed 110. Soon the police reached. They send her to the nearest hospital at once. One of the policeman talked to the young man and wrote something down while was talking. I think it is very dangerous to drive very fast.

短文改错参考答案(共10小题；每小题l分，满分l0分)
I saw an accident happened on my way to home this afternoon. A girl was crossing the street on a zebra
happen 去掉to
crossing while a young man drove a motorbike towards her. The young man saw the girl but tried to stop,
when and
but he drove too fast to stop. He hit the girl and fell off her motorbike. The girl was badly hurt and couldn’t
his
move. The young man didn’t know how to do. I ran to a phone box nearby and dialed 110. Soon the police
what
reached. They send her to the nearest hospital at once. One of the policeman talked to the young man and
arrived sent policemen
wrote something down while was talking. I think it is very dangerous to drive very fast.
加he或去掉was

短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
留意：
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I went to the Summer Palace last week．At the gate I happened to meet some American tourists．I greeted to them in English and then we began to chat．I got know that they were college students traveling in China．Most of them were fond with Chinese medicine．They are busy taking pictures and were much impressed with the changes that had been taken place in the past few years．After that, we went boating on a lake and having a good time ．We exchanged our email address so that we could write to each other in future．They thanked us again and again．I was very glad to have chance to practicing my oral English．
【参考答案】4

5.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加