2021高考英语(江苏专用)大二轮总复习定时训练14.docx

定时训练(14)

专题特训(阅读理解——细节理解)

体裁：记叙文　话题：人生经受　时间：6分钟

Sometimes your biggest weakness can become your biggest strength.Take，for example，the story of one 10－year－old boy who decided to study judo(柔道) despite the fact that he had lost his left arm in a devastating car accident
The boy began lessons with an old Japanese judo master.The boy was doing well，so he couldn't understand why，after three months of training，the master had taught him only one move.
“Sensei，” the boy finally said，“shouldn't I be learning more moves？” “This is the only move you know，but this is the only move you'll ever need to know，” the sensei replied.
Not quite understanding，but believing in his teacher，the boy kept training.Several months later，the sensei took the boy to his first tournament(锦标赛，联赛)．Surprising himself，the boy easily won his first two matches.The third match proved to be more difficult，but after some time，his opponent became impatient and charged；the boy deftly(娴熟地) used his one move to win the match.Still amazed by his success，the boy was now in the finals.
This time，his opponent was bigger，stronger，and more experienced.For a while，the boy appeared to be defeatedConcerned that the boy might get hurt，the referee called a timeout.He was about to stop the match when the sensei intervened.“No，” the sensei insisted，“let him continue.” Soon after the match resumed，his opponent made a big mistake: he dropped his guard.Instantly，the boy had won the match and the tournament.He was the champion.
On the way home，the boy and sensei reviewed every move in each and every match.Then the boy gathered the courage to ask what was really on his mind.“Sensei，how did I win the tournament with only one move? ”“You won for two reasons，” the sensei answered.“First，you've almost mastered one of the most difficult throws in all of judo.Second，the only known defense for that move is for your opponent to grab your left arm.”The boy's biggest weakness had become his biggest strength.
【语篇导读】　本文通过一位柔道冠军的事例向我们叙述了有时候一个人的劣势可以变成优势这样一个道理。
1．What's the best title of the passage
A．No pains no gains.
B．Weakness can become strength.
C．Where there is a will there is a way.
D．A great judo master.
解析　标题概括题。文章叙述了一位失去左臂的柔道运动员，利用自己没有左臂使对手无法抓住，从而一招制敌，将自己的劣势变成了优势。故文章的标题应是：Weakness can become strength。
答案　B
2．According to the second paragraph the boy was ______ with his teacher.
A．satisfied B．pleased C．unsatisfied D．careful
解析　推理推断题。其次段中提到那位男孩对老师只教他一招感到不解，要求老师教他更多的动作，可以推出他对老师的做法不满足。故选C。
答案　C
3．Why did the referee call a timeout in the finals?
A．Because he thought the boy would be the loser definitely.
B．Because he thought the boy would give up.
C．Because he dropped his guard.
D．Because he was experienced.
解析　细节理解题。依据第四段的前三句话可以了解到裁判认为那位男孩的对手更强大，更有阅历，那位男孩明显要失败了，并且可能会受伤，故叫了一个暂停。
答案　A
4．In the last paragraph the author wanted to tell us ______．
A．who was the champion
B．the reason why the boy won every match
C．the sensei was very excellent
D．the boy was very courageous
解析　细节理解题。通读最终一段不难发觉，最终一段主要叙述的是那位男孩每次都通过一招制胜的缘由。故选B。
答案　B

体裁：记叙文　话题：成语故事　时间：7分钟

During the Spring and Autumn Period，there was a man in the state of Qin whose name was Sun Yang.Sun Yang was very expert in looking at horses and judging their worth，whatever the horse might be，he could tell whether it was good or bad at first sight.
One day，when Sun Yang was passing a place，he noticed that an old horse pulling a cart loaded with salt.He came near，and saw that it was a horse that really could cover a thousand li a day，but the only problem with it was that it was a little too old.Sun Yang felt that the horse was really unjustly treated.When he thought of this，he was so grieved that he shed tears.
In order to help more people learn how to appraise horses so that fine horses which could cover a thousand li a day would no longer fall into oblivion(埋没)，and also in order to ensure that his unique skill in judging horses would not be lost，Sun Yang wrote a book entitled the Art of Looking at Horses and Judging Their Worth.The book was also illustrated with the pictures of various horses.
Sun Yang had a son who，after reading his father's book，thought it was very easy to appraise horses.So he took the book with him to look for fine horses everywhere.
At first he searched according to the pictures in the book，and found nothing.Then he searched according to the characteristics described in the book and found a toad(癞蛤蟆)fit very well.So he happily took the toad back home，and said to his father，“Father，I have found a horse that can cover a thousand li a day，only its hoofs(蹄) are not good enough.” Looking at the toad，Sun Yang did not know whether he should laugh or cry.Knowing that his son was stupid，Sun Yang said humorously.“It's a pity that this horse is too fond of jumping to pull a cart.” Then he sighed.That is just what we call looking for a steed with the aid of its picture.
【语篇导读】　本文主要叙述了按图索骥的来历。孙阳是一位相马的专家，而他的儿子却依据父亲相马书上的图片误将一只癞蛤蟆当成千里马，从而落下按图索骥这个笑柄。
5．In the first paragraph the author wanted to ______．
A．tell us how to judge a good horse

B．introduce a good horse to us
C．introduce Sun Yang to us
D．be an expert in looking at horses
解析　段落大意题。文章第一段主要向我们介绍了孙阳的基本状况：春秋时期秦国人，擅长相马——无论什么样的马他一眼就能推断出它的优劣。
答案　C
6．Why did Sun Yang weep when he noticed the old horse that was pulling a cart loaded with salt?
A．Because he could not afford the horse.
B．Because the horse was too old to draw the cart.
C．Because he felt sympathy about the horse's fortune.
D．Because he wanted to get the horse greatly.
解析　推理推断题。从其次段可以看出，当孙阳见到那匹千里马时，它正在拉装着盐的车，同时也有点儿太老了，他感到一匹千里马受到这样的待遇很不公，因此可以推出他对那匹千里马是格外怜悯的。
答案　C
7．What's the purpose of Sun Yang writing a book?
A．To make much money.
B．To help more people buy fine horses.
C．To make his skill in judging horses play a great role in the future.
D．To help his son judge horses and make a living.
解析　细节理解题。第三段中提到孙阳为能让更多的人学会相马，不让千里马被埋没；同时也为了使自己相马的技能不失传。故选C。
答案　C
8．According to the last paragraph we can learn that Sun Yang's son was ______．
A．excellent B．stupid
C．clever D．knowledgeable
解析　推理推断题。最终一段中提到孙阳的儿子开头的时候依据书上的图片找千里马，但是一无所获。后来又依据书上对千里马的描述来查找千里马，结果却弄了一只癞蛤蟆。由此可以推出孙阳的儿子是愚蠢的，故选B。
答案　B

体裁：说明文　话题：航天科技　时间：7分钟
It was a modest test drive: Moving forward 15 feet，turning in place 120 degrees，then backing up about 8 feet.The entire trip took about 16 minutes.
But for the team behind Curiosity，the six－wheeled NASA rover(探测器) that landed on Mars 17 days ago，the first tracks on Mars were an exciting milestone.“It couldn't be more important，” Peter C．Theisinger，the mission's project manager，said.“I mean，we built a rover.So unless the rover moves，we really haven't accomplished anything.”
Curiosity，which was launched on November 26，2011，is to spend about a couple of years traveling through a 96－mile－wide crater(陨石坑) and up a mountain at the center of the crater，exploring for signs that early Mars could have been habitable for life.
But that journey of miles started a few feet away from Bradbury Landing，where Curiosity set down on Aug.6，2022.The spot had been named for Ray Bradbury，the author of The Martian Chronicles and other influential science－fiction novels.He would have turned 92 on Wednesday.
Recently，Curiosity has been busy with other exercises.On Sunday，the rover fired a laser instrument for the first time，hitting a rock and analyzing the atomic make－up.On Monday，it extended its arm.On Tuesday，it moved its four corner wheels in preparation for the drive.
“Everything has been going extremely well，” Mr.Theisinger said.So far，the only broken instrument has been a wind sensor that may have been damaged during the landing，NASA said.
During the next week，as more instruments are checked out，Curiosity is to head to its first destination，called Glenelg.At first，Curiosity will move only about 30 feet at a time.As its engineers gain experience，the drives will stretch to longer than the length of a football field.
Mr.Theisinger warned that the early successes did not ensure future ones.So far，the mission has accomplished only two of its primary goals：to launch on time and to land on Mars.“We've got a long way to go before this mission meets its full potential，” he said.
【语篇导读】　美国国家航空航天局放射的古怪   号火星探测器在降落火星17天后首次试车，迈出了火星探险的第一步。
9．What does Peter C．Theisinger think of the test drive?
A．It hasn't accomplished anything.
B．It is of great importance.
C．It ended up as a failure.
D．It was not smooth.
解析　考查细节理解。依据其次段其次句“It couldn't be more important”可知，Peter C．Theisinger认为这次试车格外重要。
答案　B
10．Which part of Curiosity was damaged according to the passage?
A．A laser instrument. B．A wind sensor.
C．Its arm. D．Its four corner wheels.
解析　考查细节理解。依据倒数第三段其次句可知，古怪   号火星探测器的风力传感器在着陆时受损，其他一切都完好，故答案选B项。
答案　B
11．Curiosity is mainly designed to ______．
A．search for evidence of life on Mars
B．prepare for human landing on Mars
C．explore the natural resources on Mars
D．try out some scientific instruments
解析　考查细节理解。依据第三段中的“exploring for signs that early Mars could have been habitable for life”可知，古怪   号火星探测器的主要任务是查找早期火星适合生命存在的证据。
答案　A
12．We can infer that Ray Bradbury ______．
A．designed the Mars rover Curiosity
B．is a space scientist from NASA
C．has just died
D．is an English science－fiction writer
解析　考查推理推断。由第四段最终一句“He would have turned 92 on Wednesday”．可知，他原来在星期三就要过他的92岁生日了。言外之意是他刚刚离开了人世。
答案　C
13．What is Mr.Theisinger's attitude towards the mission?
A．Very optimistic. B．Very confident.
C．Very disappointed. D．Very cautious.
解析　考查推理推断。从最终一段可以看出Theisinger先生出言谨慎认为目前取得的成功并不能代表将来，在彻底完成任务前，还有很长的一段路要走。故选D项。
答案　D
【长难句解读】
原文　But for the team behind Curiosity，the six－wheeled NASA rover(探测器) that landed on Mars 17 days ago，the first tracks on Mars were an exciting milestone.
译文　17天前，美国国家航空航天局研制的六轮火星探测器古怪   号在火星上着陆。但是对于古怪   号幕后的团队来说，古怪   号在火星上留下的第一串脚印     才是令人兴奋的里程碑。
分析　这是一个主从复合句。主句是the first tracks on Mars were an exciting milestone。that在此引导一个定语从句，修饰rover。the six－wheeled NASA rover是Curiosity的同位语。