2021届高考英语二轮复习提能专训-16-第三部分-阅读理解题型专攻-Word版含解析.docx

提能专训(十六)　
阅读理解(广告信息类＋科普争辩类＋生态环保类＋社会文化类＋时事新闻类＋人物故事类＋谈论说理类＋史地人文类)
A
Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone's life?
If yes，don't care about sex or age！Come and join us，then you'll_make_it!
Position：Volunteer Social Care Assistant (No Pay with Free Meals)
Place：Manchester
Hours：Part Time
We are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives！Only 4 days left.Don't miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!
Role：
You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives.You will help them to develop new skills.You will help them to protect their rights and their safety.But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.
Skills and Experience Required：
You will have the right values and great listening skills.You will be honest and patient.You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you'll have to help those people with different learning disabilities.Previous care­related experience will be a great advantage for you.
1．The text is meant to ________.
A．leave a note
B．send an invitation
C．present a document
D．carry an advertisement
2．What does the underlined part mean?
A．You'll make others' lives more meaningful with this job.
B．You'll arrive home just in time from this job.
C．You'll earn a good salary from this job.
D．You'll succeed in getting this job.
3．The volunteers' primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities ________.
A．to get some financial support
B．to properly protect themselves
C．to learn some new living skills
D．to realize their own importance
4．Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer?
A．The one who can drive a car.
B．The one who has done similar work before.
C．The one who has patience to listen to others.
D．The one who can use English to communicate.
答案：
【语篇解读】　本文是一则广告。广告中招募志愿者，挂念智障人，让智障人意识到他们的重要性。
1．D　解析：考查推理推断。从文中Position，Place，Hours，Role以及Skills and Experience Required的相关信息可知，短文为广告。
2．A　解析：考查句意理解。从文章中的“Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone's life”以及其次段中的“If yes，don't care about sex or age！Come and join us, then you'll_make_it”可知，you'll make it意为“参与广告中的志愿工作，你将让别人的生活更有意义”。
3．D　解析：考查细节理解。依据文中Role部分的“But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued”可知，志愿者的基本工作是让智障人意识到他们的重要性。
4．B　解析：考查细节理解。依据文中Skills and Experience Required部分的“Previous care­related experience will be a great advantage for you”可知，以前有类似工作经受的人优先。
B
A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops(笔记本电脑)．
Students are increasingly using laptops for note­taking because of speed and legibility(清楚度)．But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.
Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes“mindlessly”by taking down word for word what the professors said.
In the first experiment，students were given either a laptop or pen and paper.They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note­taking skills.Thirty minutes after the talk，they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.
The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand.However，the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts.Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.
The researchers' report said，“While more notes are beneficial，if the notes are taken mindlessly，as is more likely the case on a laptop，the benefit disappears.”
In another experiment aimed at testing long­term memory，students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture.This time，the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.
These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding，but that they also lead to superior revision in the future
5．More and more students favor laptops for note­taking because they can________.
A．write more notes
B．digest concepts better
C．get higher scores
D．understand lectures better
6．While taking notes，laptop users tend to be________.
A．skillful B．mindless
C．thoughtful D．tireless
7．The author of the passage aims to________.
A．examine the importance of long­term memory
B．stress the benefit of taking notes by hand
C．explain the process of taking notes
D．promote the use of laptops
8．The passage is likely to appear in________.
A．a newspaper advertisement
B．a computer textbook
C．a science magazine
D．a finance report
答案：
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。本文揭示试验争辩的结果，用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记忆和应用概念的力量较差，而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。
5．A　解析：细节理解题。依据其次段第一句“Students are increasingly using laptops for note­taking because of speed and legibility(清楚度)”可知，同学越来越多地使用笔记本电脑记笔记是由于它的速度和清楚度，这说明用笔记本电脑记笔记速度快、记得多。故选A。
6．B　解析：推理推断题。依据其次段其次句“But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught”可知，争辩已经发觉笔记本电脑的使用者没能记住和应用教给他们的概念。由此可推知，笔记本电脑的使用者在记笔记时是不动脑子的。故选B。
7．B　解析：推理推断题。本文通过试验发觉了用笔记本电脑记笔记的不良效果和用手记笔记的优势，两者相比突出了用手记笔记的好处。故选B。
8．C　解析：推理推断题。依据文章内容可知，本文揭示试验争辩的结果，用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记忆和应用概念的力量较差，而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。由此可推知，本文应当消灭在科学杂志里。故选C。
C
Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert，Dr.Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology，Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food，hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task，while others had to learn for themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were，Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.
She found that personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect，despite being made aware of what to do，they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.
The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching.
This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals，something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.
The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.
9．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．The design of Dr.Carter's research.
B．The results of Dr.Carter's research.
C．The purpose of Dr.Carter's research.
D．The significance of Dr.Carter's research.
10．According to the research，which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?
A．Those that have more experience.
B．Those that can avoid potential risks.
C．Those that like to work independently.
D．Those that feel anxious about learning.
11．Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A．Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.
B．Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.
C．Some baboons observe others but don't follow them.
D．Some baboons perform new tasks but don't concentrate.
12．Dr.Carter's findings indicate that our culture might be formed through ________.
A．storing information
B．learning from each other
C．understanding different people
D．travelling between social groups
答案：
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇科普说明文。剑桥高校的一些争辩人员通过对狒狒的争辩发觉，影响狒狒学习成效的因素不是它们的智力，而是其性格以及对学习的渴望程度。这一争辩结果也适用于人类社会：假如我们不擅长与他人沟通或太可怕而不能利用所得到的信息，那么会阻碍以社会学习为基础的文化的形成。
9．A　解析：推理推断题。第一段描述了争辩人员如何开展这一争辩的具体细节：把新颖的食物和生疏的食物藏在一个盒子里，有些狒狒有机会观看另外一只狒狒是如何完成任务的，而另外一些狒狒则不得不自学完成任务，因此选A项“卡特博士争辩的设计”，而非争辩的“结果”“目的”或“重要性”。
10．D　解析：细节理解题。由文章其次段中The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn...及第三段中The anxious individuals learnt...while those who were relaxed did not...这些对试验的描述可知D项“那些渴望学习的狒狒”符合题意。
11．C　解析：推理推断题。该词所在上文，即其次、三段提到在观看了别的狒狒之后，英勇的、渴望学习的狒狒学到本事，而大方的狒狒学了却不像别的狒狒那样去做；再依据between collecting social information and using it可知与“收集”和“使用”对应的是“观看别人但不跟着做”，即C项。
12．B　解析：细节理解题。最终一段首句The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.意为“争辩结果可能会影响我们如何理解社会文化的形成，该文化的形成是通过社会学习获得的”。换言之，作者认为我们的文化是通过social learning而形成的，与B项“相互学习”相呼应，而非“储存信息”“理解不同的人”或“在社会群体间传播”。
D
Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less.Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed.Imagine having to read this page，not with your eyes but with your finger­tips.
With existing medical knowledge and skills，two­thirds of the world's 42 million blind should not have to suffer.Unfortunately，rich countries possess most of this knowledge，while developing countries do not.
ORBIS is an international non­profit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye hospital.ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide.Inside a DC­8 aircraft，there is a fully­equipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom.Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people here.Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries.
ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three­week medical programs.ORBIS has taught sight­saving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses，who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year.ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs in China so far.For the seven to ten million blind in China，ORBIS is planning to do more for them.At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a long­term plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.
For just US $38，you can help one person see；for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people；$1,300 helps teach a doctor new skills；and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.
13．The first paragraph is intended to ________.
A．introduce a new way of reading
B．advise the public to lead a simple life
C．direct the public's attention to the blind
D．encourage the public to use imagination
14．What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?
A．They are adequate.
B．They have not been updated.
C．They are not equally distributed.
D．They have benefited most of the blind.
15．ORBIS aims to help the blind by ________.
A．teaching medical students
B．training doctors and nurses
C．running flying hospitals globally
D．setting up non­profit organizations
16．What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?
A．Appeal for donations.
B．Make an advertisement.
C．Promote training programs.
D．Show sympathy for the blind.
17．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．ORBIS in China
B．Fighting Blindness
C．ORBIS Flying Hospital
D．Sight­saving Techniques
答案：
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一个旨在挂念失明人士的组织——ORBIS。大家行动起来和ORBIS一起，来挂念那些失明的伴侣们。小小的捐助，就可以使他们和我们一样去感受这个世界的奇特。
13．C　解析：考查写作意图。综观全文，作者期望大众通过想象失明人士的生活，以此引起人们对失明人士的关注，故选C。
14．C　解析：考查细节理解。依据其次段最终一句话可知目前的医疗学问和技术安排不均衡。
15．B　解析：考查细节理解。依据文章第三段和第四段首句可知ORBIS通过培训医务人员来挂念失明人士。
16．A　解析：考查段落大意。由文章最终一段中不同金额的捐款所能产生的乐观效果可知，最终作者是号召大众捐款挂念提高失明人士的生活质量。
17．C　解析：考查标题推断。本文关键词为ORBIS，文章通篇都在介绍ORBIS通过他们的flying hospital挂念失明人士。
E
London's newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build.At a height of almost 310 metres，it is the tallest building in Europe.The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London.However，not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.
The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano.When he began designing the Shard for London，Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire(尖顶)．He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city.The sides of the building aren't regular.So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin，sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name：the Shard.Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition.The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts(桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames.
The Shard has 87 floors.At the top，there is an observatory.At the moment the building is empty，but eventually there will be a five­star hotel.There will also be top quality restaurants，apartments and offices.
Before building work began，a lot of people didn't want the Shard though the plans were approved.Now they are still unhappy about the Shard.Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York，but not in London.They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape.But that is the only thing.There is no decoration，only flat surfaces.The Egyptians did that 4,500 years ago.They also think the Shard is too big for London.It destroys the beauty of the city.
Other critics don't like what the Shard seems to represent.They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal.Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London.So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.
The Shard now dominates the London skyline.It is not certain，however，that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.
18．London's newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of ________.
A．its cost B．its size
C．its shape D．its height
19．When he designed the Shard，Piano wanted it to ________.
A．change London's skyline
B．inherit London's tradition
C．imitate the Egyptian style
D．attract potential visitors
20．The critics who refer to social division think the Shard ________.
A．is only preferred by the r