2021高考英语阅读类训练(1)及答案【上海市三月版】.docx

2021高考英语阅读类训练（1）及答案【上海市三月版】

【由上海市徐汇区2022诊断卷改编】
阅读理解。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb “to think”. Indeed, some writers have identified thinking with using words: Plato coined the saying, “In thinking the soul is talking to itself”; J. B. Watson reduced thinking to inhibited(拘谨的) speech located in the minute(微小的) movements or tensions of the physiological mechanisms involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person is said to think and in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that saying something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought.
Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skillful use of language, although there are some others in which language is not involved. Thought cannot be simply identified with using language. It may be the case, of course, that the non-linguistic skills involved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand language. However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable development in all one’s capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say.
At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinction between thought and the words we employ to communicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our thinking to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal（潜意识） activities going on just out of rage. Thinking, as it happens, is more like struggling, striving, or searching for something than it is like talking or reading.
Again the study of speech disorders due to brain injury disease suggests that patients can think without having adequate control over their language. Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objects presented to them and are unable to describe simple events which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing or draught playing but are unable to use many of the concepts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know. Presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewise independent of language.

1、According to the theory of "thought" devised by J. B. Watson, thinking is_______.
A. talking to the soul B. concealed speech
C. speaking nonverbally D. a non-linguistic behavior

2、What does the author think about the relationship between language and thinking?
A. The ability to use language enhances one’s capacity of thinking.
B. Words and thinking match more often than not.
C Thinking never goes without language.
D. Language and thinking are generally distinguishable.

3、According to the author, when we intend to describe our thoughts, we______.
A. merely report internal speech
B. have to search for proper words in the way we read
C. are overwhelmed with vague imagery
D. sometimes are not able to find appropriate words

4、Why are patients with speech disorders able to think without having adequate control of language?
A. They use different concepts. B. They do not think linguistically.
C. It still remains an unsolved mystery. D. Thinking is independent of language.
【参考答案】1—4、BADC

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication—having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.
The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.
On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning(扫描)equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree.
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High­tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.
As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often.
1．People buy cell phones for the following reasons except that ________.
A．they're popular B．they're convenient
C．they're useful D．they're cheap
答案：D　细节理解题。文中第一段提到手机是一种通信工具且受欢迎；手机是一种时尚；但文中没有提到手机很廉价，故D项符合题意。
2．The word “detected” in Paragraph 3 could be best replaced by ________.
A．discovered B．removed
C．cured D．caused
答案：A　词义猜想题。依据句意可知用扫描设备能发觉大脑和头部疾病的迹象，故A项正确。
3．On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies ________.
A．deny the existence of mobile phone radiation
B．develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation
C．hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about
D．try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health
答案：C　细节理解题。依据第四段最终一句“Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation，but they say the amount is too small to worry about.”可知C项正确。
4．The writer's purpose of writing this article is to advise people ________.
A．to buy mobile phones
B．to use mobile phones less often
C．to update regular phones
D．to stop using mobile phones
答案：B　主旨大意题。本文谈论了使用手机对人健康是否有害，在最终一段点明白本文的目的在于建议人们不要太经常地使用手机，故B项正确。

完形填空。阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
One afternoon, my son Adam asked me, “Are all people the same even if they are different in color?”
I thought for a minute, and then I said, “I’ll explain, 1 you can just wait until we make a quick 2 at the grocery store. I have something 3 to show you. ” At grocery store, we 4 some apples --- red, green and yellow ones. Back home, I told Adam, “It’s time to 5 your question.” I put one apple of each 6 on the table. Then I looked at Adam, who had a 7 look on his face. “People are like apples. They come in all 8 colors, shapes and sizes. On the 9 , some of the apples may not 10 look as the others. ” As I was talking, Adam was 11 each one carefully. Then, I took each of the apples and peeled（削皮）them, 12 them back on the table, but 13 a different place.
“Okay, Adam, tell me which is which.”
He said, “I 14 tell. They all look same now. ” “Take a bite of 15 . See if that helps you 16 which one is which. ”
He took 17 , and then a huge smile came cross his face. . ”People are 18 like apples! They are all different, but once you 19 the outside, they’re pretty much the same on the inside. ”
He totally 20 it. I didn’t need to say or do anything else.
( ) 1. A. although B. so C. because D. if
( ) 2. A. stop B. start C. turn D. stay
( ) 3. A. expressive B. encouraging C. informative D. interesting
( ) 4. A. bought B. counted C. saw D. collected
( ) 5. A. check B. mention C. answer D. improve
( ) 6. A. size B. type C. shape D. class
( ) 7. A. worried B. satisfied C. proud D. curious
( ) 8. A. ordinary B. normal C. different D. regular
( ) 9. A. outside B. whole C. table D. inside
( ) 10. A. still B. even C. only D. ever
( ) 11. A. examining B. measuring C. drawing D. packing
( ) 12. A. keeping B. placing C. pulling D. giving
( ) 13. A. on B. toward C. for D. in
( ) 14. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
( ) 15. A. each one B. each other C. the other D. one another
( ) 16. A. admit B. consider C. decide D. believe
( ) 17. A. big bites B. deep breaths C. a firm hold D. close look
( ) 18. A. just B. always C. merely D. seldom
( ) 19. A. put away B. get down C. hand out D. take off
( ) 20. A. made B. took C. got D. did
21. D 所填词引导宾语从句，意思是：是否，选D。
22 A 所填名词与谓语动词make构成短语，意思是：做短暂的停留。Make a start：开头，起程；make a turn：轮番；make a stay：待在某地，都与题干意思不符。
23. D expressive：表达的；encouraging：嘉奖的，可鼓舞的；informative：供应消息的；interesting：令人感爱好的，好玩的。本句意思是：我有好玩的东西呈现给你看。选D。
24. A 由grocery store可知此处选A。
25. C 本句意思是：现在到了回答你的问题的时间了。选C。
26. B size：大小；type：类型；shape：外形；class：群。本句意思是：我从每种（类型）的苹果拿出一个，放在桌子上。选B。
27. D 句意是：Adam奇异   地看这我。选D。
28. C 由空前的all可以推断出此处选C。
29. A 由后文中的outside可知此处选A。
30. B 所填词修饰动词look，意思是：甚至，选B。
31. A 句子意思是：Adam认真的查看了每一个苹果。选A。
32. B 此处是非谓语动词做状语，规律主语是句子的主语，非谓语动词与规律主语是主动关系，且非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行，用v-ing的一般式。
33. D 所填介词与后文的名词place构成短语，意思是：在……地方，选D。
34. B 本句意思是：我不能识别。此处情态动词表力气，选B。
35. A 句意是：每个尝一口。选A。
36. C admit：承认；consider：考虑，认为；decide：打算；believe：信任。依据句意选C。
37. A 依据前文的take a bite if…可知此处选A。
38. A 此处是确定句，所填词意思是：很，仅仅，选A。always意思是：总是；merely：只，仅仅，常用与否定句中；seldom：很少，都与句意不附。
39. D put away：收好；储存；get down：写下，登记；hand out：分发；take off：起飞；脱掉，去掉；名声大振。句子意思是：但是一旦去掉其外皮，……。选D。
40.C Sb got it意思是：他完全理解了。选C。