2022高考英语长沙市阅读理解(含信息匹配)(8)及答案.docx

【2021界虹口区质量监控测试题】Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. based B. schedule C. individual D. determined E. achieving
F. ambitious G. success H. studying I. marvel J. smarter

The Secret of Success
The secret of success is that there is no secret. Some people succeed because they are just __41__ than other people. Some people succeed because they just work harder than other people. And some people succeed because they are just plain lucky.
　　Ma Donghan is a student at Tsinghua University who is __42__ to be successful and she’s not going to leave it to luck. Ma is obviously smart because she’s a student at the best university in China, but her plan for success is __43__ on the old fashion value of hard work. You can see that by the weekly schedule she’s set up for herself which was recently posted online.
　　Every hour of every day is accounted for. There is her classroom __44__, of course, but then blocks of time are set aside for __45__ each subject and also for a few activities like playing sports. There are no hours set aside for just relaxing and there are only five hours allotted (支配) each night for sleeping. She has set a very __46__, almost punishing schedule for herself, but it seems to be working.
　　Other students __47__ at Ma’s diligence and discipline but doubt that they could achieve the same level of success. Perhaps not, but Ma is obviously a unique and special __48__. She has set high goals, made a plan to achieve those goals, and worked hard to keep to her plan. This is what other students can learn from Ma.
In school, as in life, __49__ is never guaranteed and not everyone will find him or herself at the top of the pyramid. The important thing to remember is that having a plan and working hard to stay with the plan will bring you a level of success that just being smart and lucky cannot.
【参考答案】41-49: J D A B H FICG

【2021上海市崇明县一模】Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. matches
B. accurate
C. emotions
D. informs
E. difficulties
F. interested
G. promises
H. applications
I. negative
J. monitors

Going on a date can be a fearful experience for most of us. But now a pair of “social X-Ray” glasses 41 to tell you exactly what the other person is thinking—and when you should stop talking.
The glasses have a camera the size of a grain of rice which is put into the glasses’ frame and connected with a wire to a small computer which can be attached to the user’s body. The camera __42 the other person’s facial expressions and 43 them up with 24 known features which convey 44 . How long and how often 24 “feature points” appear on the subject’s face are then analyzed by software developed by a team of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). This data is then compared with a bank of expressions and the computer tells the wearer through an earpiece(耳机) and lights on the glasses what their date is thinking. In a traffic light-style system, a red light means 45 , yellow means they are a little 46 and green means your date is happy.
The glasses are currently under development by researchers at MIT’s Media Lab. They say that wearing them during a conversation with another person is like having an “extra sense”.
The glasses were developed for people suffering from autism(自闭症) who have genuine 47__ interacting with others, but now the team behind it has seen wider 48 .
So far the glasses are still a work in progress and have been 49 just 64 percent of the time, a figure which is expected to improve with further tests.
【参考答案】
41.G 42. J 43. A 44. C 45. I 46. F 47. E 48. H 49. B

阅读理解。
He was an old man who fished alone in a boat in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him. But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week. It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff (鱼钩) and harpoon (鱼叉) and the sail that was furled around the mast (桅杆). The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat.
The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck. The brown blotches（斑点）of the skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords. But none of these scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert.
Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.
“Santiago,” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff was pulled up. “I could go with you again. We’ve made some money.”
The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.
“No,” the old man said. “You’re with a lucky boat. Stay with them.”
“But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks.”
“I remember,” the old man said. “I know you did not leave me because you doubted.”
“It was papa who made me leave. I am a boy and I must obey him.”
“I know,” the old man said. “It is quite normal.”
“He hasn’t much faith.”
“No,” the old man said. “But we have. Haven’t we?”
“Yes,” the boy said. “Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we’ll take the stuff home.”
“Why not?” the old man said. “Between fishermen.”
1. The boy left the old man and went in another boat to fish because .
A. the old man preferred to fish alone
B. the old man was unlucky
C. the boy’s parents ordered him to
D. the old man’s sail suggested a permanent defeat
2. After reading this passage, we may safely conclude that .
A. the old man was insistent and not afraid of failure[
B. the boy’s papa had confidence in everything
C. the old man caught big fishes during eighty-seven days
D. the boy obeyed his father because he had some doubts about the old man
3. What might happen after the last paragraph?
A. The old man and the boy might go to fish with other fishermen.
B. The old man might go to have a drink with the boy.
C. The old man and the boy might go to enjoy beer at the old man’s home.
D. The old man might go to tell the boy’s papa about the secrets between fishermen.

阅读理解。
Recently there was a major discovery in the scientific research—the mapping of all DNA in a human gene（基因）is complete. Couple of years ago, this seems an impossible task for scientist to accomplish. All this progress in science leads us to believe that the day, when the human being will be cloned, is not far away. Human cloning has always been a topic of argument，in terms of morality or religion.
Taking a look at why cloning might be beneficial, among many cases, it is arguable that parents who are known to be at risk of passing a genetic limitation to a child could make use of cloning. If the clone was free of genetic limitations. Then the other clone would be as well. The latter could foe inserted in the woman and allowed to ripen to term. Moreover，cloning would enable women, who can’t get pregnant, to have children of their own.
Cloning humans would also mean that organs could be cloned, so it would be a source of perfect transfer organs. This, surely would be greatly beneficial to millions of unfortunate people around the world that are expected to lose their lives due to failure of single(or more) organ(s）.It is also arguable that a ban on cloning may be unlawful and would rob people of the right to reproduce and limit the freedom of scientists.
Arguments against cloning are also on a perfectly practical side. Primarily, I believe that cloning would step in the normal “cycle”of life. There would be a large number of same genes., which reduce the chances of improvement，and, in turn, development-the fundamental reason how living things naturally adapt to the ever-changing environment. Life processes failing to do so might result in untimely disappearance. Furthermore, cloning would make the uniqueness that each one of us possesses disappea. Thus, leading to creation of genetically engineered groups of people for specific purposes and, chances are, that those individuals would be regarded as “objects” rather than people in the society.
Scientists haven’t 100 percent. guaranteed that the first cloned will be normal. Thus this could result in introduction of additional limitations in the human “gene-pool”.
Regarding such arguable topics in “black or white” approach seems very innocent to me personally. We should rather try to look at all “shades: of it. I believe that cloning is only legal if its purpose is for cloning organs, not humans. Then we could regard this as for “saving life” instead of “creating life”. I believe cloning humans is morally and socially unacceptable.
9. Which of the following is true according to the passage？
A. Genetic limitation will be beneficial for some women
B. A large number of genes will prevent us from developing
C. Prohibition of cloning might limit the freedom of scientists
D. First cloned humans might be normal according to scientists
10. What’s the author’s opinion on cloning?
A. Cloning should be entirely banned
B. Cloning should be used in creating life
C. Cloning will take away the right to reproduce
D. Cloning is acceptable if it is used for cloning organs
11. Where can you read this article?
A. In a story book. B. In a magazine. C. In a science fiction D. In a brochure
12. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage

【参考答案】9—12、CDBA

D
“Luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity,” said the American talk show host Oprah Winfrey. I’ve never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it’s probably worth listening to.
Her point is that blind luck is very rare. You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. If you’re a Chinese, you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump(树桩) for a rabbit to run out and break its neck.
A book by the UK psychologist Richard Wiseman, called The Luck Factor, argues we can all make ourselves luckier. It’s not about going to a temple to burn some incense(香) hopes that the gods will give you good fortune; it’s practical advice you can follow each day.
Wiseman conducted an experiment as part of his studies. First he divided volunteers into two groups; those who said they were lucky in life and those who said they were not. He gave everyone a newspaper and asked them to look through it to count how many photographs it had inside. On average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. Why? On the second page of the newspaper, a command, “Stop counting. There are 43 photographs in this newspaper,” was written in big letters. The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message.
It’s easy to compare this situation to a young person looking for jobs in a local paper. They might search so hard for one type of position that they miss an even better opportunity. People who are “lucky”, in fact, keep an open mind and don’t go through the same routine every day.
I first came to China in 2002 when it was considered a rather strange thing to do. Like many foreigners, my plan was to teach English for one year. Seven years later, and still here, I’ve had many great opportunities such as writing for newspapers and magazines. I did not dream these would have been possible. I’ve also never been sick, had an accident, got into a fight or had problems with the police. Coincidence? After reading about Professor Wiseman’s studies I think not.
As Wiseman advises, I usually trust my own judgment. Your friends and parents may give you advice based on rational thinking, but it’s important to consider how you feel about each choice you make. Your feeling acts as a warning for a potential problem.
Finally, try to turn bad luck into good. Even if you do fall down and break a leg, the time spent at home can be used wisely to study English.
13. Which of the following proverbs most agrees with the writer’s point?
A. Make the best of a bad job.
B. Rome was not built in a day.
C. All is not gold that glitters.
D. A good heart conquers ill fortune.
14. What do you know about Oprah Winfrey?
A. She became famous through her family background.
B. She is a British talk show host.
C. She became successful by her own effort.
D. She was very lucky and seldom suffered setbacks in her life.
15. The writer quoted the Chinese tale of a farmer in order to show __________.
A. man can conquer nature
B. luck is in your own hand
C. bad luck can turn into good
D. you should not sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you
【参考答案】13—15、ACD

【四川省绵阳市2022高考英语一模试题】
　　What's your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember the first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom recall events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four rarely retain any memory of specific, personal experiences.
　　A variety of explanations have been proposed by psychologists for this "childhood amnesia"( 记忆缺失,健忘).One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature（成熟）until about the age of two. But the most popular theory maintains (主见）that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot access childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories. But when they search through their mental files for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don't find any that fit the pattern. It's like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.
　　Now psychologist Annette Simms offers a new explanation for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply aren't any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone else's spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten impressions of these experiences into long-term memories. In other wor