2021高考英语(江苏专用)大二轮总复习定时训练18.docx

定时训练(18)

专题特训(任务型阅读)

When difficult people express themselves orally，they generally want at least two things：they've been heard and they've been understood.As a good communicator should be a good listener，five steps are advocated toward good listening.
The first step is cooperating(合作)．How does a difficult person know that you're listening and understanding? In fact，it's through the way you look and sound while he is talking.You may help him to fully express his thoughts and feelings.You do this by nodding your head in agreement，making certain sounds of understanding.
When the person begins to repeat what's been said，it's a signal of step two：turning back.It means that you repeat some words he is using，sending a clear signal the you're listening carefully and that you think what he is saying is important.
Having heard what he has to say，the next step is clarifying.At this point，you start to gather information about what is being communicated.Ask same open－ended questions，which will allow you to figure out what intention he is hoping to satisfy.
The fourth step is to summarize(概括) what you've heard.This allows you to make sure that both you and the difficult person are on the same page.When you do this，two things happen.First，if you've missed something，he can fill in the details(细节)．Second，you've shown that you're making an effort to understand completely.This increases possibility of gaining cooperation from him.
Having listened carefully，you've now arrived at the point of confirming with the person that he feels satisfied that this thoughts have been fully voiced.Ask if he feels understood.
Then enough sincere listening，questioning，and remembering are brought together，understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative.

1.________
Listen to understand
Reason
Difficult people hope they have been heard and 2.________ when they express themselves
3.________
●Nodding in 4.________ and make some sounds of understanding while a difficult person is speaking
●5.________ what you have heard
●Collecting information about the person's expressions and find his 6.________ ●Giving a 7.________ of what the person has said
●Confirming that the person gains 8.________ from speaking his thoughts
9.________
A difficult person will be easier to 10.________ with if understanding is achieved
Comment

You may unlock the doors to difficult people's hearts after you listen and understand
答案　1.Topic　 2.understood　3.Suggestions/Tips/Advice　4.agreement　5.Repeating　6.intention　7.summary　8.satisfaction　9.Result　10.cooperate

There are many things that we wish to achieve in life.For some，we set goals and objectives，and for some we don't.Try to remember the last time you set a goal to achieve a certain task.Were you able to complete the task in an effective manner? The tasks which are done by setting and meeting daily goals will definitely be useful and rewarding experiences.A step－by－step approach towards achieving smaller goals is the key to achieving larger ones.
When it comes to the workplace，each and every employee is expected to meet daily responsibilities and expectations.With organizations becoming more and more competitive，the importance of goal－setting for employees is increasing.It helps the employee to perform better and increases his or her efficiency and time management.It's also important for every student to set high academic goals so as to be able to build a good career.
Setting goals for completing the daily schedule helps an employee to finish the assigned tasks and targets in a timely manner.If an employee is performing the way he or she is expected to，then this will automatically increase the performance，output and productivity of both the employee and the organization.Daily study targets are the same.This helps you complete your assignments within the set time，thus putting less pressure on you during exams and increasing your chances of performing well.
How many times you have to be at work on a weekend just to complete your work? How many times you have had to stay up all night to complete your homework or study for your exams? Had you followed your set goals and targets right from the beginning，you would have spent the time relaxing rather than being busy working or studying! Setting up goals and objectives helps you organize your time and efforts in an efficient manner.
In performing your work diligently，you are likely to keep a steady pace when it comes to fulfilling your set targets.Because you are already on track，there will be no unnecessary workload and time limits over your head.Therefore，another benefit of effective goal－setting is lack of stress and a more calm and relaxed mind.Only a stress－free and calm mind can house progressive and productive thoughts.A calm mind causes positivity，which goes a long way towards increasing your ability to achieve the personal goals you have set for yourself.
Each and every human being aims to achieve two things: to fulfill desires and to enjoy life.This is possible only through proper discipline and time management.Goal－setting leads to not only professional growth but also personal growth and development.You are expected to know that every step counts and that setting up goals is easy，but following them on a consistent basis is difficult.Therefore，if you want to be successful and also harvest the fruits of your hard work，you need to stick to your set goals and be focused towards achieving them.Realize the significant role that goal－setting plays in your life，make sure that you do all you can to achieve what you want，set your goals，work towards achieving them and celebrate your success！
Passage
outline
Supporting details
Significance of goal－setting in achieving success
In face of competition ，employees with goals can perform better as well as 1.________ efficiency and time management.
Students who want to build a good career should attach 2.________ to setting high academic goals.
Increase output and performance
By setting goals ，an employees can increase output and performance instead of 3.________ completing his or her tasks.
Students can have less pressure and perform well with the aid of daily study targets.
Help in time management
You can have your time and efforts 4.________ better if you follow your setting－goals from the beginning.
You're likely to have more time for 5.________ instead of occupying yourself in working or studying.
Reduce 6.________ levels
Chances are that you can fulfill your set targets steadily 7.________ to lack of pressure. Effective goal－setting is 8.________ for you to keep a relaxed mind，which can result in positivity.
Every step counts
You should be 9.________ that it's difficult to follow your goals consistently.
Your hard work will 10.________ off if you stick to your set goals step by step.

答案　1.increase　2.importance　3.delaying　4.organized　5.relaxation　6.stress　7.due　8.beneficial　9.aware/conscious　10.pay

From the health point of view we are living in a wonderful age.We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases.A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery.It is almost certain that one day medicines will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases.The expectation of life has increased largely.But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before，every day we witness the unbelievable slaughter (屠杀) of men，women and children on the roads.Man versus the motor－car! It is a never－ending battle which man is losing.Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.
It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel(方向盘)，his car becomes the additional part of his personality.There is no doubt that the motor－car often brings out a man's very worst qualities.People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering－wheel.They swear，they are ill－mannered and aggressive，willful as two－year－olds and completely selfish.All their hidden anger，disappointments and envies seem to be exposed by the act of driving.
The surprising thing is that society only smiles so kindly on the motorist when seeing his behaviors talked about above.Everything is done for his convenience.Cities are allowed to become almost unsuitable to live because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is damaged by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic，to be conveniently forgotten.
It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life.In regard to driving，the laws of some countries are dishonorably loose and even the strictest are not strict enough.A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate.Here are a few examples of some things that might be done.The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through inflexible annual tests for safety.Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can destroy a person's driving ability，so present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much stricter.The highest and lowest speed limits should be put on all roads，as has been done in the USA.All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned.These measures may sound unacceptably harsh.But surely nothing should be considered to be too severe if it results in reducing the annual loss of human life.After all，the world is for human beings，not for motor－cars.
Title: Strict Traffic Laws Can Prevent Accidents
Present situation of road accidents
◇.Road accidents seem to happen 1.________．
◇.We are quietly sitting back and letting road slaughter happen.
2.________ for so many road accidents
◇.When driving a car，a man tends to become ill－mannered and behave in an 3.________ way.
◇.It seems that all the hidden anger，disappointment and envies are 4.________ by the act of driving.
◇.Society just 5.________ various kinds of bad behavior of a motorist.
◇.People 6.________ the road accident statistics.
7.________ that should be taken to reduce road accidents
◇.The driving test should be standardized and made much more difficult.
◇.All the drivers should take a test every three years.
◇.Only people at or 8.________ 21 can get a driving license.
◇.All vehicles should be given strict annual tests.Drinking and driving laws should be made much stricter.
◇.The highest and the lowest speed limits should be put to 9.________.
◇.No advertising which stresses power and performance should be 10.________
答案　1.frequently　2.Reasons　3.aggressive　4.exposed5.tolerate/bear　6.ignore/overlook　7.Measures　8.above/over　9.use　10.allowed/permitted

Going soy is the way to go green
In 1829，U.S.farmers grew soybeans (大豆) for the first time.In the late 1800s，lots of farmers began to grow soybeans as food for cattle.In 1904，at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama，George Washington Carver began studying the soybean.His discoveries changed the way people thought about the soybean.No longer was it just a crop for cattle; it provided valuable protein and oil.Now soybean oil is the most popular source for an alternative fuel.
Fueling diesel (柴油) engines with vegetable oil started with the inventor Rudolf Diesel.When Diesel showed his engine at the 1900 World Exhibition in Paris，it was running only on peanut oil，a kind of biodiesel.According to the United Soybean Board，biodiesel is a fuel made from vegetable oils or animal fats.
However，over the next 100 years，diesel fuel was made largely from petroleum (石油)．Interest was renewed in biodiesel in the mid－1970s when the energy shortage occurred，and gas prices surged upward throughout the United States.In spite of these conditions，commercial production did not take place until much later.In 1999，The National Biodiesel Board reported that 500，000 gallons per day were produced.In 2000，production increased to 6.7 million gallons per day.
With the continual rising costs of petroleum products in the new century，major corporations and the United States government have looked to new markets.Farmers are encouraged to grow soybeans in their fields，as the demand for soybean fuel increases.They can now get several gallons of fuel per acre of soybean.
Biodiesel is created by removing a thick liquid called glycerin from soybean oil.It is registered with the US Environmental Protection Agency as a pure fuel，which is known as B100，or as a fuel additive，which is called B20，a mixture of 20 percent soy and 80 percent petroleum－based diesel.
There are many benefits of soybean fuel.
Studies have shown that biodiesel from vegetable oil reduces petroleum consumption when used in place of petroleum diesel.
In addition，the use of biodiesel reduces CO2 in the earth's atmosphere.This is due to the fact that growing soybeans consumes nearly four times as much CO2 as the amount of CO2 produced from biodiesel waste gases.
If you ever want to take a ride in a car or bus powered by soybeans，you can.The Agriculture Research Center (ARS ) National Visitor Center bus，which is used for Beltsville，Maryland farm tours，is running on biodiesel fuel.
ARS scientists are conducting biodiesel fuel research，and they are trying to find ways to make fuel from vegetable oils，animal fats，and used restaurant oils.Biodiesel fuel costs more than regular diesel fuel.Howeverthe price may drop if people use it more.We can look to the future with the hope that clean fuel sources will continue to be widespread in the United States and even around the world.

答案　1.grown　2.changed/turned/made　3.invented　4.produced　5.encouragement　6.removed　7.diesel　8.less　9.cheaper　10.widely

No one knows who made the first ice cream.Some people think water ices and milk ices may have been made by the Chinese between three thousand and a thousand years ago.In that time，the dish reached India.The Indians，in turn，many have passed on the secret to the Arabs and Persians.
Marco Poloan Italian who traveled widely in the thirteenth century，noted that he found the Chinese had long been making ices out of fruit juices and milk.From the fourteenth century on，ices became popular first in Venice and then throughout Italy.
At first ice cream was a luxury﹙铺张品﹚ in France.Only rich people had the money to buy it.Then ，in 1660，a young man from Sicily，Francisco Procopio，arrived in Paris.He opened a shop that sold ice cream at prices people could afford.Then his ice cream became so popular that other shops were opened.
About 1640，King Charles introduced ice cream to England and so