2021春人教英语必修3(四川专用)课时作业：unit-4-第3课时-.docx

Unit 4　 第三课时

Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2022·安徽，35)—I get at least half an hour of exercise almost every day.
—Oh great! ________.
A．Good luck B．Cheer up
C．Same to you D．Keep it up
答案：D 　考查情景对话。句意：——我每天至少要熬炼半个小时。——哦，好极了！坚持下去。A项为：祝你好运；B项为：振作些；C项为：你也是；D项为：坚持下去。由句意可知选D项。
2．Since the house price in the city may be ________ we can't imagine, I suggest that we rent an apartment to live in first.
A．as high as B．as expensive as
C．so high as D．so expensive as
答案：A　考查原级比较。句意：这个城市的房价既然高到我们很难想像的那样，我建议我们先租套公寓住着。表示价格高用high, expensive用于说明某物贵，so...as...用于否定句。
3．Please keep your word ________ you have promised to come.
A．since then B．now that
C．only if D．so long
答案：B　句意：既然你答应了要来，你就要守约。now that既然，引导缘由状语从句。
4．After fighting with his illness many years, the patient ______ finally.
A．pulled out B．pulled through
C．pulled up D．pulled down
答案：B　句意：经过很多年与疾病作斗争之后，这个病人最终康复了。pull out抽出，取出；pull through康复；pull up停车；pull down拆除。
5．(2022·温州高一检测)—I'm thinking of the tomorrow's test. I'm afraid I can't pass this time.
—________！ I'm sure you'll make it.
A．Go ahead B．Good luck
C．No problem D．Cheer up
答案：D　考查短语用法。答句句意：——振作起来！我信任你会成功的。cheer up变得兴奋，(使)兴奋起来，用来鼓舞对方；go ahead表示允许某人做某事；good luck用于祝愿某人，表示“祝你好运”；no problem用于答应某人某事，意为“没问题”。结合题意，故选D。
6．As soon as the fire ________， it spread quickly.
A．broke out B．put out
C．came out D．got out
答案：A　考查动词词组辨析。句意：火灾一发生就快速集中开来。break out指“(战斗、火灾、疾病等的)突然发生”；put out熄灭，扑灭；come out毁灭，露出，长出；get out泄露，被人知道。
7．All the visitors were told to ________ for those dangerous animals while visiting the zoo.
A．watch out B．take care
C．watch over D．take up
答案：A　句意：在参观动物园时，全部游客都被告知当心那些危急的动物。watch out留意，当心，与介词for连用。watch over照看，为及物动词短语。故选A。
8．Two people were killed in the serious car ________ the other day.
A．crash B．break
C．strike D．incident
答案：A　句意：在前几天的严峻轿车相撞大事中，有两人遇难。crash的意思是“相撞(事故)”，符合句意。break“中断，休息”；strike“罢工；攻击”；incident“大事”。
9．In order to ________ the sunshine, the students had many books piled high.
A．block up B．block out
C．break out D．break up
答案：B　句意：为了拦住阳光，同学们让很多书高高地堆着。block up塞住；block out拦住(光线)；break out(战斗、火灾、疾病等的)突然发生；break up解散，分手。
10．Usually in spring the ________ here is mild, but today the ________ is a bit cold.
A．weather; weather
B．climate; climate
C．climate; weather
D．weather; climate
答案：C　句意：在春天这里的气候通常温存，但是今日的天气有点冷。climate指长期的天气特征；weather指短期的，具体到某一天的天气。
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．在爆炸发生之后，警方封锁了那条路。
The police __________________ after the explosion.
2．去年他的家乡发生了一场洪水。
A big flood __________________ in his hometown last year.
3．既然你已犯了错，就应当受到惩处。
__________________， you should be punished.
4．司机在红灯前把车停下。
The driver __________________ at the red light.
5．一听说他恢复了健康，他的队友兴奋起来。
His teammates __________________ as soon as they knew he had recovered from illness.
6．猫的睡眠时间是人的两倍。
Cats sleep __________________ people.
7．一辆大卡车失去了把握，撞上了一辆汽车的尾部。
A big truck was out of control and __________________ the back of a car.
8．在黑暗中，他们惊恐地留意到有惊异的东西在空中飘浮着。
In the darkness, they were frightened to notice something strange __________________.
答案：1.blocked up the street　2.broke out　3.Now that you have made mistakes　4.pulled up　5.cheered up　6.twice as much as　7.crashed into　8.floating in the sky
Ⅲ.完形填空
How big is space? That is a question man has been asking since the beginning of time. When your grandparents were in school，it was __1__ that the universe was very __2__ perhaps only 5,000 light years __3__. 500 years ago people considered that the universe was only a little bit __4__ than the earth. In modern times with the __5__ of technology we are finally starting to __6__ the immense (无边的) size of the universe，and it is much bigger than anyone __7__ have ever imagined.
Scientists cannot stretch (伸展) a measuring tape from the earth to a nearby star, so __8__ do they know how far away they are? Scientists use something __9__ parallax (视差). Parallax means __10__ that they look at how much the stars move in the sky __11__ throughout the year as the earth circles the sun. This is not something __12__ to you. In fact if you stretch out your hand in front of you and __13__ your thumb, while __14__ one eye, and then the other, your thumb will __15__ to move back and forth. Stars do the __16__ thing，but our eyes are too close to see the __17__. However, if we take a picture while on one side of the earth's orbit，and then take another when we get to the __18__ side of the orbit，then we have a large enough __19__ that we can see the stars' parallax，and __20__ how far away they really are.
1．A.measured B．bet
C．thought D．proved
答案：C　依据上下文知，这里表达的是在祖父母上学时人们以为宇宙有多大，不是客观事实，所以不能用measured/proved，也不是打赌。
2．A. old B. big
C. mysterious D. small
答案：D　从后面的only可以看出，在当时大家都认为宇宙只有5000光年那么大，即人们以为宇宙比较“小”。
3．A. over B. across
C. through D. outside
答案：B　across此处意为“from one side to the other”。over指“在……的上方”；through指“从……中间穿过”；outside意为“在外面”。
4．A. bigger B. smaller
C. heavier D. nearer
答案：A　这里争辩的话题是宇宙有多大，所以不是轻重远近的问题。500年以前人们以为宇宙仅仅比地球大一点。
5．A. popularity B. power

C. energy D. strength
答案：B　the power of the technology指科技的力气；popularity意为“普及；流行”；energy意为“力气；精力；活力；能源”；strength通常指(具体的)力气、力气。
6．A. understand B. control
C. imagine D. feel
答案：A　在科技的挂念下人们开头理解宇宙到底有多大。understand指“把握；领悟；理解”；control意为“把握”；imagine意为“想象”；feel意为“感觉”。
7．A. would B. should
C. could D. might
答案：C　宇宙比人们以前所想象的要大得多。
8．A. what B. why
C. how D. when
答案：C　下文讲了科学家测量天体之间距离的方法，所以用how。
9．A. honored B. called
C. considered D. believed
答案：B　科学家用了一种叫做“视差”的方法，所以用called。
10．A. actually B. exactly
C. generally D. simply
答案：D　视差就是由打算新视线的观看位置的变化引起的物体方向的明显变化。simply意为“仅仅；简洁”；actually意为“实际上”；事实上；exactly意为“精确     地”；generally意为“一般；通常”。故simply符合语境。
11．A. in and out B. back and forth
C. sooner or later D. up and down
答案：B　依据10题后可知选B。back and forth意为“来回移动”；in and out意为“进进出出”；sooner or later意为“迟早”；up and down意为“上上下下”。
12．A. unacceptable B. unfamiliar
C. unbelievable D. unnatural
答案：B　依据下文所举的例子，人们对这一现象并不生疏。unacceptable意为“无法接受的；不受欢迎的”；unfamiliar意为“不生疏的”；unbelievable意为“难以置信的”；unnatural意为“不自然的”。
13．A. look at B. shake
C. glare at D. notice
答案：A　把手伸到前面并看你的大拇指。shake意为“摇动”；glare at意为“怒视”；notice意为“留意到”。依据句意，这里仅仅是一般的“看”。
14．A. covering B opening
C. controlling D. hiding
答案：A　这里指先遮住一只眼睛，会观看拇指在一个位置；然后换另一只，拇指又处于另一位置。cover有“遮住，掩盖”的意思。
15．A. continue B. happen
C. stop D. appear
答案：D　continue to move指连续移动；happen to move指碰巧在移动；stop to move指停下来然后移动。这里指人的一种感觉，大拇指会显得来回移动。
16．A. common B. different
C. strange D. same
答案：D　举例就是为了说明视差是如何产生的，所以这里归到主题，说明可以接受同一种方式去测量。
17．A. result B. effect
C. difference D. similarity
答案：C　眼睛之间的距离太近，被观看的物体太远，就很难发觉差别。result意为“结果”；effect意为“效果；影响”；similarity意为“相像性”。
18．A. suitable B. same
C. opposite D. correct
答案：C　在与轨道相反的一侧拍照。
19．A. distance B. length
C. height D. width
答案：A　有足够的距离观看天体的视差。
20．A. realize B. determine
C. recognize D. design

答案：B　测定天体之间到底有多远。realize意为“意识到；实现”；determine意为“打算；决心；测定”；recognize意为“辨认出；承认”；design意为“方案，筹划”。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
(2022·河北正定中学高一期末)
Space is where our future is—trips to the Moon, Mars and beyond. Most people would think that aside from comets(彗星) and stars, there is little else out there. But, since our space journey started we have left so much trash(垃圾) there that scientists are now concerned that if we don't clean it up, we may all be in great danger.
The first piece of space junk was created in 1964, when the American satellite Vanguard I stopped operating and lost its connection with the ground center. However, since it kept orbiting around the Earth without any results, scientists became increasingly comfortable abandoning(抛弃) things that no longer served any useful purpose in space.
It is said that there are now over 500,000 pieces of man­made trash orbiting the Earth at speeds of up to 17,500 miles per hour. The junk varies from tiny pieces of paint chipped off rockets to cameras, huge fuel tanks, and even odd items like the million­dollar tool kit that astronaut Heidemarie Stefanyshyn Piper lost during a spacewalk.
The major problem with the space trash is that it may hit working satellites and damage traveling spaceship. Moreover, pieces of junk may crash with each other and break into pieces which fall back to the Earth. To avoid this, scientists have invented several ways for clearing the sky. Ground stations have been built to monitor larger pieces of space trash to prevent them from crashing into working satellites or space shuttles. Future plans include a cooperative effort among many nations to stop littering in space and to clean up the trash already there.
文章大意：文章介绍了第一片人造太空垃圾是一个裂开的卫星，由于它没有造成任何问题，所以科学家最初并没有关怀太空垃圾。随着太空垃圾越来越多，科学家意识到假如不准时清理太空垃圾，人类将面临危急。
1．What was the first piece of man­made space trash?
A．A camera. B．A tool kit.
C．A fuel tank. D．A broken satellite.
答案：D　细节理解题。依据其次段的句子：The first piece of space junk was created in 1964, when the American satellite Vanguard I stopped operating and lost its connection with the ground center.可知第一片人造太空垃圾是一个裂开的卫星，选D。
2．Why were scientists NOT concerned about space trash in the beginning?
A．It no longer served any useful purpose.
B．It was millions of miles away from the Earth.
C．It did not cause any problems.
D．It was regarded as similar to comets and stars.
答案：C　 细节理解题。依据其次段的句子：However, since it kept orbiting around the Earth without any consequences, scientists became increasingly comfortable abandoning things that no longer served any useful purpose in space.可知科学家最初没有关怀太空垃圾，是由于它没有造成任何问题，故选C。
3．Which of the following statements is true about space junk?
A．It is huge, heavy machines.
B．It never changes position.
C．It floats slowly around the Earth.
D．It may cause problems for space shuttles.
答案：D　细节理解题。依据第四段的句子：The major problem with the space trash is that it may hit working satellites and damage traveling space ship. Moreover, pieces of junk may crash with each other and break into pieces which fall back to the Earth.可知太空垃圾会给太空飞船带来很多问题。D项的表述正确，故选D。
4．What has been done about the space trash problem?
A．Scientists have cleaned up most of the trash.
B．Large pieces of space trash are being closely watched.
C．Many nations have worked together to stop polluting space.
D．Ground stations are built to help store the trash properly in space.
答案：B　细节理解题。依据第四段的句子：To avoid this, scientists have invented several ways for clearing the sky. Ground stations have been built to monitor larger pieces of space trash to prevent them from crashing into working satellites or space shuttles.可知现阶段比较大的太空废物正在被紧密监测，故选B。