2021青岛市高考英语阅读理解自练及答案9.docx

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
体裁：记叙文　话题：语言学习　时间：8分钟
I prefer Lynne Truss's phraseology: I am a grammar “stickler”．And，like Truss—author of Eats，Shoots & Leaves—I have a “zero tolerance” approach to grammar mistakes that make people look stupid.
Now，Truss and I disagree on what it means to have“zero tolerance”．She thinks that people who mix up basic grammar “deserve to be struck by lightning，hacked up on the spot and buried in an unmarked grave”，while I just think they deserve to be passed over for a job—even if they are otherwise qualified for the position.
Everyone who applies for a position at either of my companies，iFixit or Dozuki，takes a compulsory grammar test.If job hopefuls can't distinguish between“to” and “too”， their applications go into the bin.
Of course，we write for a living.iF is the world's largest online repair manual(指南)，and Dozuki helps companies write their own technical documentation，like paperless work instructions and step­by­step user manuals.So，it makes sense that we've made a strong strike against grammar errors.
But grammar is relevant for all companies.Yes，language is constantly changing，but that doesn't make grammar unimportant.Good grammar is credibility，especially on the Internet.And，for better or worse，people judge you if you can't tell the difference between “their”“there” and “they're”．
Good grammar makes good business sense—and not just when it comes to hiring writers.Writing isn't in the official job description of most people in our office.Still，we give our grammar test to everybody，including our salespeople，our operations staff，and our programmers.
Grammar signifies more than just a person's ability to remember high school English.I've found that people who make fewer mistakes on a grammar test also make fewer mistakes when they are doing something completely unrelated to writing—like stocking shelves or labeling parts.It is the same with programmers.Applicants who don't think writing is important are likely to think lots of other things also aren't important.
【语篇导读】　作者叙述了自己对语法错误的态度以及正确运用语法的重要性。
1．The author agrees with Lynne Truss on that ______.
A．grammar mistakes can't be tolerant
B．books on grammar make people stupid
C．people need to learn basic grammar
D．grammar mistakes are absolutely unavoidable
解析　细节理解题。依据文章第一段其次句可知，作者和Lynne Truss一样，对语法错误都有一套“零容忍”策略，故选A项。
答案　A
2．What's the author's “zero tolerance” approach to these job seekers who mix up basic grammar?
A．They should be left out for a job.
B．They have to correct their mistakes.
C．They aren't qualified for their jobs.
D．They must be severely punished.
解析　细节理解题。依据其次段中的“while I just think they deserve to be passed over for a job—even if they are otherwise qualified for the position”可知，作者认为这些犯基础语法错误的求职者不应被录用。
答案　A
3．Which of the following is TRUE of iFixit and Dozuki?
A．Only one of them has a compulsory grammar test.
B．They are companies where one learns grammar.
C．Grammar is quite important for their existence.
D．They depend on grammar correction for a living.
解析　细节理解题。依据第四段至第六段内容，作者对每位员工都进行语法测试，由于正确的语法对作者的两个公司格外重要。
答案　C
4．What can we learn from the text?
A．Companies giving grammar tests may have no good business sense.
B．Grammar becomes unimportant as language is constantly changing.
C．A“zero tolerance” approach to grammar errors might seem a little unfair.
D．People who pay attention to writing may pay attention to other things.
解析　细节理解题。文章最终一段指出，在语法测试中出错少的人在做与写作无关的事情时错误也少，由此可见，那些重视写作的人，同样会重视其他事情。
答案　D

【广东省2022届高三考前冲刺卷(三)】C
Technology has been an encouragement of historical change.It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century，and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth.Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture(制造) of goods，which has changed ideas about work.One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time.People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product：each nail was exactly like every other nail，meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail.This means that goods could be mass production，although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.
Once this was done，workers no longer started on the product and laboured to complete it.Instead，they might work only one thousandth of it，other workers completing their own parts in certain order.There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today’s standards.Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques，as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand.But the skilled worker wasn’t the only loser，the common workers lost too.Similar changes forced farmers away.The increased mechanization(机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops.They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers.Increasingly，standards were set by machines.Workers no longer owned their own tools，their skill was no longer valued，and pride in their work was no longer possible.Workers fed，looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.
36．In this passage，which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods?
A．Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.
B．The increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.
C．The increased use of machines to make products in less time.
D．The use of machines producing parts of the same standard.
37．The underlined word “this” in the first paragraph refers to________.
A．the use of scientific findings
B．the practice of producing the same parts for a product
C．the human power being replaced by other forms of energy
D．the technology becoming the encouragement of historical change
38．The underlined word “this” in the second paragraph refers to the change that________.
A．each nail could be taken the place of by every other nail
B．each nail was exactly like every other nail
C．producing tasks became smaller and smaller
D．goods could be mass produced
39．According to the writer，highly skilled workers________.
A．completely disappeared with the coming of the factory system
B．were dismissed by the boss
C．were unable to produce goods of high standard
D．were unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines
40．According to the passage，what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechanization of agriculture?
A．Many of them had to leave their farmland for industrial centers.
B．They stuck to their farm work.
C．They refused to use machines.
D．They did their best to learn how to use the machines.
36．B　[原文中并未说对工人剥削的增加，故选项B为正确答案。]
37．C　[倒置的一个主要目的就是使句子间连接紧密，因此单词this指上一句的内容。]
38．D　[在条件句中，this 指上文的内容：货物批量生产。]
39．D　[可从其次段第四句知道D项为正确答案。]
40．A　[可依据其次段第六句及第八句推断A项为正确答案。]

【广东省2022届高三考前冲刺卷(三)】D
“If there is one thing I’m sure about，it is that in a hundred years from now we will still be reading newspapers.It is not that newspapers are a necessity.Even now some people get most of their news from television or radio.Many buy a paper only on Saturdays or Sundays.But for most people reading a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation.”
The nature of what is news may change.What basically makes news is what affects our lives—the big political stories，the coverage of the wars，earthquakes and other disasters，will continue much the same.I think there will be more coverage of scientific research，though.It’s already happening in areas that may directly affect our lives, like genetic engineering.In the future，I think there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we do—as we develop a better understanding of how the brain operates and what our feelings really are.
It’s quite possible that in the next century newspapers will be transmitted electronically from Fleet Street and printed out in our own home.In fact, I’m pretty sure that how it will happen in the future.You will probably be able to choose from a menu，making up your own newspaper by picking out the things you want to read—sports and international news，etc.
I think people have got it wrong when they talk about competition among the different media.They actually feed_off each other.Some people once foresaw that television would kill off newspapers，but that hasn’t happened.What is read on the printed page lasts longer than pictures on a screen or sound lost in the air.And as for the Internet，it’s never really pleasant to read something just on a screen.
41．What is the best title for the passage?
A．The Best Way to Get News
B．The Changes of Media
C．Make Your Own Newspaper
D．The Future of Newspapers
42．In the writer’s opinion，in the future，________.
A．more big political affairs，wars and disasters will make news
B．newspapers will not be printed in publishing houses any longer
C．newspapers will cover more scientific research
D．more and more people will watch TV
43．What will probably be in the newspaper made by yourself?
A．Sports and international news.
B．A menu of important news.
C．The most important news.
D．What you are interested in.
44．From the passage，we can infer________.
A．newspapers will win the competition among the different media
B．newspapers will stay with us together with other media
C．television will take the place of newspapers
D．the writer believes some media will die out
45．The underlined phrase “feed off” in the last paragraph probably means________.
A．depend on B．compete with
C．fight with D．kill off
41．D　[标题归纳题。依据文章第一句“100年后人们仍要读报”，到后面文章讲到报纸跟人们生活的关系、报纸的形式和内容，可归纳出此题的答案为D项。]
42．C　[细节理解题。依据文章其次段第三句可知此题答案为C项。]
43．D　[推理推断题。依据文章第三段最终一句可推知此题答案为D项。]
44．B　[推理推断题。依据文章第一段第三句及全文内容可推知此题答案为B项。]
45．A　[词义猜想题。作者上一句说人们错误地认为各种不同的媒体相互竞争，以及feed off 所在句中的actually一词，再结合所给的4个选项，可知A项最佳。]

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Believe it or not, optical illusion(视错觉) can cut highway crashes.
Japan is a case in point. It has reduced car crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. But stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.
Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.
Too great speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all serious traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related risks are the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars(水平杆)painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.
Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.
36. The passage mainly discusses ________.
A. a new type of optical illusion
B. a new pattern for painting highways
C. a new way of training drivers
D. a new way of highway speed control
【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，我们可以知道，在高速大路上画各种线是为了让司机觉得车速过快，从而达到把握车速的目的。
37. On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that ________.
A. they should avoid speed-related danger
B. they should slow down their speed
C. they are driving in the wrong side
D. they are coming near to the speed limit
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题，由“But stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.”可知B项正确。
38. Compared with straight, horizontal bars, what is the advantage of chevrons?
A. They will have a longer effect on drivers B. They can cut road accidents in half
C. They will look more attractive D. They can keep drivers awake
【答案】A
【解析】推断题。由最终两段对比可知，人字形线比直线，公正线对把握车速有更长期的影响。
39. The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to ________.
A. repeat the Japanese road patterns
B. change the road signs across the country
C. replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons
D. try out the Japanese method in certain areas
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。依据“paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country”可知他们在细心选择的几条路上试验日本的模式。
40. What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?
A. They are suitable only on broad roads.
B. They are falling out of use in the United States.
C. They are ignored in a long period of time.
D. They cannot be used successfully to traffic circles.
【答案】C
【解析】推理题。依据“However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.”可知答案选C。